Cigre Video VTS 01 1 PDF

Forces in Air Insulated
Switchgears
Siemens AG 2008
Page 1 Oktober 2008 E T HS ENG / Roeder Power Transmission High Voltage Substations
Forces in Air Insulated Switchgears
Outline
Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Short-circuit currents and short-circuit forces
Effects on rigid conductors: analytical approach and practical solution
with IEC 60865-1
Effects on flexible conductors: analytical approach and practical
solution with IEC 60865-1 and FEM
New features in IEC 60865-1: 2009
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Page 2 Oktober 2008 E T HS ENG/Roeder Power Transmission High Voltage Substations
Outline

with IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Mechanical Loads and Load cases
Leading standard for AIS is IEC 61936-1:
Power installations exceeding 1kV a.c. Part 1: Common rules

identical as far as possible with HD 637S1
For details HD 637S1 references to EUROCODE
Siemens AG 2008
Definition of an actions for the design of a structure EUROCODE 0

(EN 1990)
The design value of an action is given as
Fd : FK F
and consists of
a characteristic value of the action
and a partial safety factor of the action
The value of F is orientated according to the design situation
Siemens AG 2008
Design situations
are classified in
Persistant design situations (G)

Transient design situations (Q)
Accidental design situations (A)
which have to be combined in a useful way.
Siemens AG 2008
Combination of actions
(Loadcombinations)
Combining several action, the value of the partial safety

factor in the combination is orientated according to the kind of the
situation.
More than one variable action may be regarded by using a

combination value .
Siemens AG 2008
Fundamental combinations for persistence or transient design

situations (EN 1990)
Ed G, j Gk , j "" Q,1 Qk ,1"" Q,i 0,i Qk ,i

j 1 i 1
persistant transient other transient

- dead load
- tension load - Wind load
IEC 61936-1 ?
(- thermal - Ice load
expansion) - erection load
Siemens AG 2008
Fundamental combinations for accidental design situations

(EN 1990)
Ed G k, j "" Ad
"" 1,1 oder 2,1 Qk ,1 "" 2 ,i Qk ,i
j 1 i 1
one
persistant accidental transient
- Switch forces
IEC 61936-1 - short-circuit

forces
-dead load - earthquake
-tension load - loss of
Not to be regarded!
(-thermal conductor
expansion) tension
Siemens AG 2008
IEC 61963-1
The most unfavorable load combinations for the normal case are:
Load combination 1: dead load

Load combination 2: dead load + tension load + erection load
Load combination 3: dead load + tension load + wind load
in x-direction
Load combination 4: dead load + tension load + wind load
in Y-direction
Ice load on steel structures are negligible low. However, ice loads on cable connections and
tubes are considered and included in the above given value of the tension load.
Siemens AG 2008
IEC 61963-1
The most unfavorable load combinations for the exceptional load case are:
Load combination 5: dead load + short-circuit forces

Load combination 6: dead load + tension load +switching
forces
Load combination 7: dead load + tension load + earthquake
load in x/z- direction
Load combination 8: dead load + tension load + earthquake
load in y/z- direction
Siemens AG 2008
Outline

with IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Short-Circuit Current
is influenced by
Operation status of the network

Network impedance
Voltage status of the system before the short-circuit
Instant of time when the short-circuit begins
Siemens AG 2008
Short-Circuit Forces
Basics
Ampres Law
H ds j dA A
Magnetic induction

B 0 r H
Magnetic force on moving charges

Fm q v B
Siemens AG 2008
Basics

d 2 F1 i1 (t )

ds1

r21
i2 (t ) Grassmann Formula

ds 2
Conductor 1
Conductor 2

0 ds1 ds2 r21
d F1 t
2
i1 t i2 t
4 3
r21
Siemens AG 2008
F/F|
1,0
a .
0,75
F
l .
0,5
0,25
i1
0
i2 0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
a/ I
0 l
F t i1 t i2 t
2 a
Siemens AG 2008
l
1
F t 0 i1 t i2 t with i1 (t ) i2 (t ) 2 sin(t u z ) sin( z u )e
"
2 a k

l I k''2 1 2t
t

F t 0 e sin k 2 sint k sin k e cos2t 2 k 2

1
2 2 2
Siemens AG 2008
l
1
F t 0 i1 t i2 t with i1 (t ) i2 (t ) 2 sin( t u z ) sin( z u )e
"
2 a k

0 l I k''2 1 2t
t

F t e sin k 2 sin t k sin k e cos2t 2 k 2

1
2 2 2
F (t) = f0 + fg + f + f 2
f0 = Constant DC component f = Time-damped AC component of

single line frequency
fg = Time-damped DC component f2 = AC component of

double line frequency
Siemens AG 2008
880 80
fg f2
720 0
560 -80
f0
400 -160
240 -240
80 -320
-80 -400 f
-240 -480
-400 -560
-560 -640
0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24
Time Time
Short-circuit
current Short-circuit force
Siemens AG 2008
Outline

with IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Effects on rigid conductors
Rigid Conductors - analytical approach
2y y 4y dx
m dx 2 2 m dx E J dx 4 F
t t x l
F(t)
dx
x
I
2y M E 2y M 3 y
m Q Fd 2 E 3
x 2 E Z x
2 x x
Siemens AG 2008
Approach IEC 60865-1
Simple formula from the statics of the

continuoues beam
Bending stress Force on support

Fm l
m v vr Fd vF vr Fm
8Z
Siemens AG 2008

Supports and fixure methods
Single span
A and B A: 0,5 1,0 1,57
supported B: 0,5
A B
A: tensioned A: 0,625 0,73 2,45

B: supported B: 0,375
A B
A and B A: 0,5 0,5 3,56

tensioned B: 0,5
A B
Multiple spans
with equal 2 spans A: 0,375 0,73 2,45
support B: 1,25
spacing A B A
3 or A: 0,4 0,73 3,56

more B: 1,1
span A B B A
s
Fm l
m v vr Fd vF vr Fm
8Z
Siemens AG 2008

Supports and fixure methods
Single span
A and B A: 0,5 1,0 1,57
supported B: 0,5
A B
A: tensioned A: 0,625 0,73 2,45

B: supported B: 0,375
EJ
fe
A B
A and B
tensioned
A: 0,5
B: 0,5
0,5 3,56
e2 m'
A B
Multiple spans
with equal 2 spans A: 0,375 0,73 2,45
support B: 1,25
spacing A B A
3 or A: 0,4 0,73 3,56

more B: 1,1
span A B B A
s
Fm l
m v vr Fd vF vr Fm
8Z
Siemens AG 2008
Siemens AG 2008
Further agreements when calculating with IEC 60865-1
Straight (more or less) parallel conductors

Span lengths less than 20% of the adjacent ones shall be avoided
Small plastic deformations (< l/100) may occur
Siemens AG 2008
Outline

Effects on rigid conductors: analytical approach practical solution with
IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Effects on flexible conductors
Flexible Conductors - analytical approach
Fy
-z
x
gm y
2y y
E A y
z y
2 2
m' 2 Z Fy
' 2y
x x m' 2 Z Fy'
t t x
2 x
x x

2z z
E A y
z z
2 2
m' Z g m' 2z
x x m' 2 Z g m'
t 2 t x 2 x x x

Siemens AG 2008
F'
r 1 arc tan r
gn m's ns l
Siemens AG 2008
a) Oscillations of the span at m 70
c)b) Oscillations
Rotations ofand
the span m span
dropsatof the 180 at 70 180
a) Oscillations of the span at m 70 m
c) Rotations of the span at m 180
b) Oscillations and drops of the span at 70 m 180
Siemens AG 2008
spacer
during s-c
Siemens AG 2008
Approach IEC 60865-1 l t1 t2

40 m 0,25 s 0,5 s
70 m 0,6 s 1,2 s
t2 .
Tension
t1 .
Fpi Ft Ff
Fst
Short-circuit current Time
Contraction maximum Fpi Tensile maximum Ft Drop maximum Ff
Siemens AG 2008
Flexible conductors- Examples

D A E B C
G
A) horizontal strain bus connected by insulator chains to steel structures without droppers >>> IEC 60865 -1
B) horizontal connection between components >>> IEC 60865 -1
C) end-span droppers >>> CIGRE (Brochure 214)
D) jumper connecting two strained conductor section >>> CIGRE (Brochure 214)
E) vertical dropper between strained bus and apparatus (dropper) >>> FE-Methoden
F) dropper between strain bus and apparatus with spring >>> FE-Methoden
G) first span to overhead line..and all other structures >>> FE-Methoden
Siemens AG 2008

FE-Method
Test set-up 110kV
KPW and KPO
KLW and KLO
Siemens AG 2008

FE-Method
40m span 40.
IEC
IEC: 24,1 kN
IEC: 23,3 kN
20,7 kN 22 kN
20.
Calculation
Test
0.
.0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Siemens AG 2008
Approach IEC 60865-1 - Examples

FE-Method
with spacer
Siemens AG 2008
Outline

IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Effects on fixed vertical main conductors

Effects on horizontal main conductors with dropper in midspan
Effects on monolithic foundations (stability)
Thermal effects for equipment deleted
New structure and a changed nomenclature
Siemens AG 2008
Outline

IEC 60865-1
CIGR video
Siemens AG 2008
Thank you for your attention!
For internal use only / Copyright Siemens AG 2008.AllSiemens

rights reserved.
AG 2008
Dieter W. Rder
Siemens AG
E T HS ENG
Paul-Gossen-Str. 100 (Erl S)
91058 Erlangen
Phone: +49 9131 7 34474
Email: [email protected]
Siemens AG 2008
Page 41 Oktober 2008 E T HS ENG / Roeder Power Transmission High Voltage Substations
Disclaimer
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events. These statements may be identified either orally or in writing by words as expects, anticipates, intends,
plans, believes, seeks, estimates, will or words of similar meaning. Such statements are based on our current
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factors, many of which are beyond Siemens control, affect its operations, performance, business strategy and results
and could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Siemens worldwide to be materially different from
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Siemens AG 2008

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Forces in Air Insulated

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Leading standard for AIS is IEC 61936-1:

Power installations exceeding 1kV a.c. Part 1: Common rules

For details HD 637S1 references to EUROCODE

Definition of an actions for the design of a structure EUROCODE 0

The value of F is orientated according to the design situation

Persistant design situations (G)

which have to be combined in a useful way.

Combining several action, the value of the partial safety

More than one variable action may be regarded by using a

Fundamental combinations for persistence or transient design

Ed G, j Gk , j "" Q,1 Qk ,1"" Q,i 0,i Qk ,i

persistant transient other transient

Fundamental combinations for accidental design situations

Load combination 1: dead load

Load combination 5: dead load + short-circuit forces

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Operation status of the network

Magnetic force on moving charges

f0 = Constant DC component f = Time-damped AC component of

fg = Time-damped DC component f2 = AC component of

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Rigid Conductors - analytical approach

Approach IEC 60865-1

Simple formula from the statics of the

Bending stress Force on support

Approach IEC 60865-1

A: tensioned A: 0,625 0,73 2,45

A and B A: 0,5 0,5 3,56

3 or A: 0,4 0,73 3,56

Approach IEC 60865-1

A: tensioned A: 0,625 0,73 2,45

3 or A: 0,4 0,73 3,56

Approach IEC 60865-1

Approach IEC 60865-1

Further agreements when calculating with IEC 60865-1

Straight (more or less) parallel conductors

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS

Flexible Conductors - analytical approach

Approach IEC 60865-1

Approach IEC 60865-1

a) Oscillations of the span at m 70

c) Rotations of the span at m 180

b) Oscillations and drops of the span at 70 m 180

Approach IEC 60865-1

Approach IEC 60865-1 l t1 t2

Short-circuit current Time

Contraction maximum Fpi Tensile maximum Ft Drop maximum Ff

Flexible conductors- Examples

Flexible conductors- Examples

Test set-up 110kV

KPW and KPO

KLW and KLO

Flexible conductors- Examples

40m span 40.

Approach IEC 60865-1 - Examples

Mechanical loads and load cases in AIS