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Sample Exam 1 With Solutions

1) An exam for a fluid mechanics midterm is presented with 7 multiple choice questions testing concepts like flow through pipes and channels, pressure measurements, and fluid properties. 2) The solutions for each question are provided, showing the step-by-step working to arrive at the answers. Common mistakes made by students are also discussed. 3) Key equations from fluid mechanics are applied and the software EES is referenced for solving some questions numerically.

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Azhim Aris
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
305 views5 pages

Sample Exam 1 With Solutions

1) An exam for a fluid mechanics midterm is presented with 7 multiple choice questions testing concepts like flow through pipes and channels, pressure measurements, and fluid properties. 2) The solutions for each question are provided, showing the step-by-step working to arrive at the answers. Common mistakes made by students are also discussed. 3) Key equations from fluid mechanics are applied and the software EES is referenced for solving some questions numerically.

Uploaded by

Azhim Aris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID MECHANICS

Midterm Exam
Name:................................................. Open book, closed notes
(Circle the right answer) (except for a 1-page formula sheet)
Note: If needed, take the atmosperic pressure to be 100 kPa, the water density to be 1000
kg/m3, the air density to be 1.25 kg/m3, and the mercury density to be 13,600 kg/m3. Also, take
g = 9.81 m/s2. In the unlikely event that all the answers are wrong, ignore the answers and 20 kg/s
write down your answer next to the question. Each question is worth 17 points (119 total).

1) Orange juice at 20C (juice=1020 kg/m3) is flowing through a U-type reducing bend 55 kg/s
that joins two streams, as shown in the figure. If the outlet diameter is 8 cm, determine
the outlet velocity of the orange juice.

(a) 10.7 m/s (b) 3.7 m/s (c) 6.8 m/s (d) 14.6 m/s (e) 75 m/s
4m
2) The average density of icebergs is about 917 kg/m3. Determine the
percentage of the total volume of an iceberg submerged in seawater of density
1042 kg/m3.
a) 12% b) 50% c) 88% d) 92% e) 100%

3) The flow of water from a reservoir is controlled by an L-shaped gate hinged at


point A, as shown in the figure. The mass of the weight at B is 5100 kg. If the gate 3m
opens when the water height is 2 m, determine the width of the gate. 2m

(a) 0.45 m (b) 2.2 m (c) 5.1 m (d) 4.4 m (e) 2.9 m

4) For a fruit juice, shear stresses are measured by a viscometer as a function of


shear rate (the velocity gradient). When the shear stress in N/m2 is plotted
against the shear rate in the range of 0 to 50 s-1, a straight line having a slope of
0.4 is obtained. What is the viscosity of this fluid when the shear rate is 31.4 s-1?
a) 78.5 Pa.s b) 12.6 Pa.s c) 31.8 Pa.s d) 3.97 Pa.s e) 0.4 Pa.s

5) A water pipe is connected to a double-U tube manometer, as


shown in the figure. For given specific gravities and fluid column 0.7 m
heights, determine the gage pressure at the center of the pipe. 0.8 m
1.2 m
a) 4.5 kPa b) 17 kPa c) 30 kPa d) 44 kPa e) 63 kPa
0.3 m
6) Orange juice is flowing through a horizontal U-type
reducing bend at a rate of 36 kg/s. The cross-sectional area,
gage pressure, and velocity are 168 cm2, 57.5 kPa and 2.10
m/s at the inlet, and 80 cm2, 50 kPa and 4.37 m/s at the 36 kg/s
outlet. Calculate the force applied to the reducing bend by the
orange juice in the horizontal direction.

(a) 1284 N (b) 1599 N (c) 1133 N (d) 866 N (e) 233 N

7) The water level in a tank is 12 m above the bottom. A hose is


connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the
hose is pointed straight up. The tank is at 13 m above the sea level,
and the water surface is open to the atmosphere. In the line leading
from the tank to the nozzle there is a pump, which increases the 12 m h
water pressure by 50 kPa. Determine the maximum height above the
sea level to which the water stream could rise.
Pump
(a) 17 m (b) 42 m (c) 30 m (d) 25 m (e) 75 m 13 m
Sea level
SOLUTIONS

1) Orange juice at 20C (juice=1020 kg/m3) is flowing through a U-type


20 kg/s
reducing bend that joins two streams, as shown in the figure. If the outlet
diameter is 8 cm, determine the outlet velocity of the orange juice.

(a) 10.7 m/s (b) 3.7 m/s (c) 6.8 m/s (d) 14.6 m/s (e) 75 m/s 55 kg/s

Answer 14.6 m/s

Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying


-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES screen.

M1=55 "kg/s"
M2=20 "kg/s"
M=m1+m2
D2 = 0.08 "m"
Rho = 1020 "kg/m3"
Vel2=m/(rho*pi*D2^2/4)

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"


W1_Vel2=m1/(rho*pi*D2^2/4) "Using the wrong mass flow rate"
W2_Vel2=m/(rho*pi*D2^2) "Finding the area wrong"
W3_Vel2=(m1-m2)/(rho*pi*D2^2/4) "Using the wrong mass flow rate"

3
2) The average density of icebergs is about 917 kg/m . Determine the percentage of the total volume of an
3
iceberg submerged in seawater of density 1042 kg/m .
a) 12% b) 50% c) 88% d) 92% e) 100%

Answer 88%

"V_submerget/V_total = rho_iceberg/rho_fluid"
rho_ice=917 "kg/m3"
rho_fluid=1042 "kg/m3"
Submerged%=rho_ice/rho_fluid*100

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"


W1_s%= rho_ice/1000*100 "Using water instead of seawater"
4m

3) The flow of water from a reservoir is controlled by an L-shaped gate hinged at


point A, as shown in the figure. The mass of the weight at B is 5100 kg. If the gate
opens when the water height is 2 m, determine the width of the gate.

(a) 0.45 m (b) 2.2 m (c) 5.1 m (d) 4.4 m (e) 2.9 m
3m
2m
Answer 4.4 m

rho=1000 "kg/m3"
g=9.81 "m/s2"
P_ave=rho*g*1 Pa
M=5100 kg
Weight=m*g
F_R=P_ave*2*Width
F_R*(1+2*2/3)=Weight*4 N

4) For a fruit juice, shear stresses are measured by a viscometer as a function of shear rate (the
velocity gradient). When the shear stress in N/m2 is plotted against the shear rate in the range of 0
to 50 s-1, a straight line having a slope of 0.4 is obtained. What is the viscosity of this fluid when the
shear rate is 31.4 s-1?
a) 78.5 Pa.s b) 12.6 Pa.s c) 31.8 Pa.s d) 3.97 Pa.s e) 0.4 Pa.s

Answer 0.4 Pa.s (the slope is the viscosity)

5) A water pipe is connected to a double-U tube manometer, as shown in the figure For given specific gravities
and fluid column heights, determine the gage pressure at the center of the pipe.

a) 4.5 kPa b) 17 kPa c) 30 kPa


d) 44 kPa e) 63 kPa

Answer 44 kPa
0.7 m
0.8 m
g=9.81 "m/s2" 1.2 m
rho_water=1000 "kg/m3"
SG_oil=0.8 0.3 m
SG_Hg=13.6
SG_w=1

h_oil1=0.8 "m"
h_oil2=1.2 "m"
h_Hg=0.3 "m"
h_w=0.7 "m"
Pg=(SG_oil*h_oil1+SG_Hg*h_Hg-SG_oil*h_oil2+SG_w*h_W)*g*rho_water/1000 "kPa"

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"


W1_Pg=(SG_oil*h_oil1+SG_Hg*h_Hg+SG_oil*h_oil2+SG_w*h_W)*g*rho_water/1000
W2_Pg=(SG_oil*h_oil1+SG_Hg*h_Hg-SG_oil*h_oil2-SG_w*h_W)*g*rho_water/1000
W3_Pg=(SG_oil*h_oil1-SG_Hg*h_Hg+SG_oil*h_oil2+SG_w*h_W)*g*rho_water/1000
W4_Pg=(SG_oil*h_oil1+SG_Hg*h_Hg-SG_oil*h_oil2+SG_w*h_W)*rho_water/1000
6) Orange juice is flowing through a horizontal U-type reducing bend at a 1
rate of 36 kg/s. The cross-sectional area, gage pressure, and velocity are
168 cm2, 57.5 kPa and 2.10 m/s at the inlet, and 80 cm2, 50 kPa and 4.37
m/s at the outlet. Calculate the force applied to the reducing bend by the 36 kg/s
orange juice in the horizontal direction).
2
(a) 1284 N (b) 1599 N (c) 1133 N (d) 866 N (e) 233 N

Answer 1599 N

Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying


-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES screen.

"From Momentum equation for steady uniform flow,F=(mV)_exit (mV)_inlet. We take the approach
direction as positive direction. Then the inlet jet velocity is positive, and the exit jet velocity is negative.
Then, -F=-P1A1-P2A2-mV1-mV2.

M=36 "kg/s"
P1=57500 "Pa"
A1=0.0168 "m2"
V1=2.1 "m/s"
P2=50000 "Pa"
A2=0.0080 "m2"
V2=4.37 "m/s"

F=-P1*A1-P2*A2-m*V1-m*V2 "N"

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"


W1_F=-m*V1-m*V2 "ignoring pressures"
W2_F=-P1*A1-P2*A2-m*V1+m*V2 "Wrong sign for outlet velocity"
W3_F=P1*A1+P2*A2-m*V1-m*V2 "Wrong signs for pressure"
W4_F=(-P1*A1-P2*A2)/1000-m*V1-m*V2 "Using kPa for pressure"
7) The water level in a tank is 12 m above the ground. A hose is
connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the
hose is pointed straight up. The tank is at 13 m above the sea level,
and the water surface is open to the atmosphere. In the line leading
from the tank to the nozzle is a pump, which increases the water 12 m h
pressure by 50 kPa. Determine the maximum height above the sea
level to which the water stream could rise.
Pump
(a) 17 m (b) 42 m (c) 30 m (d) 25 m (e) 75 m 13 m
Sea level
Answer (b) 30 m

Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying


-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES screen.

"From Energy equation, P1/rho*g+Vel1^2/2g+z1+h_pump=P2/rho*g+Vel2^2/2g+z2+h_turbine+hL.


Taking 1 and 2 at surfaces of tank and top of water jet and hL = 0, it simplifies to z1+h_pump=z2
or h_pump=h-z1. Also, DeltaP_pump=rho*g*h_pump. Therefore, h=z1+DeltaP_pump/(rho*g).

g=9.81 "m/s2"
rho=1000 "kg/m3"
z1=12+13 "m"
DeltaP_pump=50000 "N/m2"
h=z1+DeltaP_pump/(rho*g)

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"


W1_h=z1+DeltaP_pump/(rho*g)/1000 "Using kPa - wrong conversion"
W2_h=z1+DeltaP_pump/(rho) "Not using g"
W3_h=12+DeltaP_pump/(rho*g) "ignoring sea level"

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