1.

abandon

forsake; leave behind

As people abandon desktop computers for mobile ones, existing tech companies business
models are being upended and new companies are blooming.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

Common academic collocations: abandon a hypothesis, abandon a line of research

COCA ( www.americancorpus.org) indicates academic collocates include decision, efforts,
position, policy...i couldn't find any examples in mechanical engineering, so this might be a verb
used more in policy-related fields?

2. abstract

existing only in the mind

The other group wrote in a more abstract, evaluative way, prompted by questions such as Why
did the event happen?
Scientific American (Dec 28, 2012)

Also a noun. the abstract of an article is a structured summary of its contents. We need to supply
abstracts of conference presentations for the conference program or conference proposals
sometimes too.

3. access

the right to enter

But one reason may be, paradoxically, greater access to health insurance.
Reuters (Jan 7, 2013)

I need to remember to pronounce the /k/ sound in the middle: AEK sess. If not, I sound like I'm
saying the verb "assess"

4. accommodate

have room for; hold without crowding

City clerks' offices around Maine scheduled extra office hours to accommodate same-sex
couples rushing to wed.
Reuters (Dec 29, 2012)

academic collocations: "accommodate needs," "designed to accommodate [something]" common

nouns that collocate with this verb are "learning, changes, differences" (COCA
at www.americancorpus.org)

5. accompany

go or travel along with

Mr. Obama demands that any spending cuts be accompanied by revenue increases.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

6. accumulate

get or gather together

Business would still be left with record reserves, much higher than those accumulated in earlier
recessions.
The Guardian (Jan 2, 2013)
 7. acknowledge

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of

Acknowledging differences in work style enables leaders to structure interactions better.

Washington Post (Jan 5, 2013)

8. acquire

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

The design of the product resembles gadgets made by Nest Labs, the connected home company
Google acquired earlier this year for $3.2 billion.
Wall Street Journal (Sep 10, 2014)

collocations: acquire a house, knowledge, experience

q is /k/
stress on QUIRE
obtain, get, buy
members of the word family: acquisition (mergers and acquisitions)

9. adapt

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

Japanese officials said adapting overseas technologies presented a particular challenge.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

10. adequate

having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

Better said it had injected significant funds into the business "without adequate returns".
The Guardian (Jan 4, 2013)

11. adjust

alter or regulate so as to conform to a standard

The managers typically adjust their holdings based on algorithms and charts tracking trends in
global markets.
Wall Street Journal (Jan 6, 2013)

12. advocate

speak, plead, or argue in favor of

He was probably best known for his work on heart disease, advocating prevention through
exercise and diet, particularly foods low in animal fat and sodium.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

13. affect

have an influence upon

Would adding this data to someone's medical record affect health insurance rates?
Slate (Jan 7, 2013)

14. aggregate

a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together

Using data from Twitter covering 60,000 trips, aggregated within a ten mile radius, Fischer
created this map of Europe's transport network.
The Guardian (Nov 22, 2012)

15. allocate

distribute according to a plan or set apart for a purpose

Existing x86 processor designs allocate cache on a first come, first served basis, which allows
some workloads to monopolize the shared pool.
Forbes (Sep 10, 2014)

allocate resources

16. alter

cause to change; make different

Yet scientists have struggled to understand whether climate change is altering that cycle.
Scientific American (Jan 4, 2013)

17. ambiguous

having more than one possible meaning

The fourth is currently classified as probable case and his infection status may
remain ambiguous.
Scientific American (Dec 5, 2012)

18. analogy

drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity

While both air travel and pipelines are safer than their road alternatives, the analogy only
extends so far.
Scientific American (Nov 16, 2012)

19. annual

occurring every year

What are the annual sales of electric vehicles in India?

Forbes (Jan 7, 2013)

20. anticipate

regard something as probable or likely

We anticipate some potential short-term disruption, Mr. Morton said, but no significant long-
term implications.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

21. apparent

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

The report of Rain's apparent romance with popular South Korean actress Kim Tae-hee, 32,
broke in local media on Tuesday.
BBC (Jan 2, 2013)

22. append
fix to; attach

The hashtag has been appended to quite a few approving tweets.

The Guardian (Jun 20, 2012)

23. appreciate

be fully aware of; realize fully

There are, of course, plenty of things to appreciate about Downton.

Time (Jan 4, 2013)

24. approach

ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem

He said a better understanding of the links between high blood pressure and dementia could be
crucial for developing new treatments or approaches to prevention.
BBC (Jan 7, 2013)

25. appropriate

suitable for a particular person, place, or situation

Mr. Frederick said that kind of legal strategy is perfectly appropriate.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

26. approximate

judge tentatively or form an estimate of

Food technology means they aren't bad these days, but they're only going to approximate the
real thing.
The Guardian (Jul 12, 2012)

27. arbitrary

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference

His works are often intentionally placed in unglamorous, arbitrary surroundings like abandoned
buildings, far from the sleek world of urban galleries.
New York Times (Dec 5, 2012)

28. aspect

a characteristic to be considered

He will oversee all aspects of marketing for the company, including advertising, brand
management, social media, and communications, LivingSocial said on Tuesday.
Reuters (Jan 8, 2013)

29. assess

estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of

Another complexity: most studies assess maternal drinking through interviews, and pregnant
women might lie about or underestimate their consumption out of embarrassment or shame.
Scientific American (Jan 4, 2013)

30. assign

select something or someone for a specific purpose

A larger staff has been assigned to the school, she said, including mental health professionals.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

31. assume

take to be the case or to be true

The market, it is generally assumed, will eventually drive up wages.

New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

32. attach

be in contact with

Indonesians are religious people, they are very much attached to their religious teachings,
their religious values, he said.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

33. attain

gain with effort

He joined the Army near the end of and attained the rank of staff sergeant, remaining in the
United States.
New York Times (Oct 12, 2012)

34. attribute

a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity

Ms. Ora attributes much of her fashion education to her surroundings.

New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

35. authority

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

Soccer authorities have been helping those banned with getting back on their feet and finding a
way back into society.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

36. behalf

as the agent of or on someone's part

The husband sits in the dominant, protective role, watching his wifes efforts on behalf of the
family and taking pride.
New York Times (Aug 30, 2012)

37. bias

a partiality preventing objective consideration of an issue

More than 300 political parties contested the last general elections, representing various
concerns, biases, cries for justice and pressure groups.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

38. brief

give essential information to someone

Flu vaccines are tough, Bresee said during a telephone briefing with reporters.
Washington Post (Jan 11, 2013)

39. bulk

the property possessed by a large mass

Across Portugal, supermarkets and hypermarkets, with their inexpensive packaged goods
and bulk items, continued to gain ground.
New York Times (Nov 17, 2012)

40. capable

having ability

As John Stuart Mill emphasized many years ago, those who are capable of supporting
themselves should not rely on the habitual aid of others.
New York Times (Dec 17, 2012)

41. capacity

capability to perform or produce

The hospitals treating the injured are at maximum capacity.

Newsweek (Jan 11, 2013)

42. cease

put an end to a state or an activity

The company said it was also temporarily ceasing sales of modern sporting rifles nationwide.
New York Times (Dec 18, 2012)

43. channel

transmit or serve as the medium for transmission

Options include channeling more funds to the banking sector to boost lending, buying
government bonds on the secondary market and even reducing foreign currency reserves.
Reuters (Jan 10, 2013)

44. chart

a visual display of information

In some countries, including the largest developing economies in Asia, the G.D.P. charts show no
indication that bad things ever happened.
New York Times (Dec 28, 2012)

45. cite

make reference to

The ratings agency cited India's high saving and investment rates, relatively competitive private
sector and diverse economy as rationale behind its decision.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

46. civil

of or occurring between or among citizens of the state

What followed, officials said, was a remarkable show of international cooperation over
Syria's civil war.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

47. clarify

make clear and comprehensible

He later clarified his meaning and said the media had his misconstrued his comments.
Washington Post (Nov 9, 2012)

48. classic

of recognized authority or excellence

The Blue Angel, adapted from Heinrich Manns novel Small Town Tyrant, is a
cinema classic that made Marlene Dietrich a star.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

49. code

a set of rules or principles or laws

France's Civil Code says one must have another nationality in order to give up French citizenship
because it is forbidden to be stateless.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

50. coherent

marked by an orderly and consistent relation of parts

That leadership vacuum, Mr. Bealefeld and others said, has inevitably depleted morale and kept
the agency from developing a coherent agenda.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

51. coincide

happen simultaneously

The cutbacks in education and growing youth unemployment coincide with two demographic
crises facing European governments.
New York Times (Oct 15, 2012)

52. collapse

break down, literally or metaphorically

The collapse of Latvias largest bank in 1995 wiped out many peoples savings.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

53. commence

set in motion, cause to start

Training commences with what is known as a warm welcome.

New York Times (Jun 24, 2012)

54. commission

a special group delegated to consider some matter

The commission collected evidence that showed the authorities discussed covering up killings,
including by quickly burying the bodies of victims.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

55. commit

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

A lawyer for the medical examiners office, Mimi Mairs, said the agency had committed to
leaving no stone unturned in recalling casework she touched.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

56. communicate

interchange information or ideas

By introducing the rating system to games that rely on digital distribution, Vance said,
developers will be able to better communicate their nature to consumers.

57. community

group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region

In November, Hurricane Sandy devastated entire communities in coastal New York and New
Jersey and killed over 100 people.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

58. compatible

able to exist and perform in harmonious combination

Starting in late June, a system that sends emergency alerts via texts began operating
on compatible cellphones.
New York Times (Aug 14, 2012)

59. compensate

make amends for

The German government has already compensated Jews who were forced to work in the
ghettos.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

60. compile

get or gather together

Mobile video calling has risen so quickly that industry analysts have not yet compiled exact
numbers.
New York Times (Dec 10, 2012)

61. complement

something added to embellish or make perfect

Third, in 2008-9, monetary and fiscal policies were complemented by government capital
injections directly into United States and European banks.
New York Times (Aug 11, 2011)

62. component

one of the individual parts making up a larger entity

Avoiding turnovers, hitting the offensive boards and getting to the free throw line are all
key components of an efficient offense.
New York Times (Nov 29, 2012)

63. compound

a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts

The New England Compounding Center was shut down, and inspections found extensive
contamination.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

64. comprehensive

including all or everything

Comprehensive investigative reports for the four equine fatalities from the inner track meet
are being completed by board staff.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

65. comprise

be composed of

Peck, though, was surprised to learn the other team nicknames used in his league, which
was comprised entirely of white men.
Washington Post (Jun 27, 2012)

66. conceive

have the idea for

This strategy, while not entirely random, was hardly well conceived.
New York Times (May 21, 2012)

67. concentrate

make denser, stronger, or purer

Mostly we were silent, concentrating on our steps, but occasionally we would chat.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

68. concept

an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances

There is little technical artistry involved, the focus instead on simpleconcepts and difficult
execution.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

69. conclude

bring to a close

Taken together, the reports have led analysts to conclude that after years of being an economic
drag, housing is now contributing to economic growth.
Washington Post (Dec 27, 2012)

70. concurrent

occurring or operating at the same time

Problem solving was concurrent with physical effort, so the brain must have adapted by
developing appropriate regions to enhance neurocognition.
New York Times (Sep 15, 2010)

71. conduct

the way a person behaves toward other people

For years, lawmakers, urged by the NRA, have placed so-called riders on spending bills that
restrict these and other agencies from conducting such research.
Washington Post (Jan 13, 2013)

72. confer

have a meeting in order to talk something over

He especially prefers having a radiologist on-site because he believes thatconferring in person

helps prevent mistaken readings and gets quicker results.
New York Times (Oct 9, 2012)

73. confine

place limits on

Is erotic sculpture confined to temples or particular religious cults?

New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

74. confirm

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

The identities have yet to be officially confirmed, he said.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

75. conform

be similar, be in line with

In other words, they conformed to feminine stereotypes.

New York Times (Dec 16, 2012)

76. consent

give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to

Companies also must get parental consent before using tracking tools such as cookies that peek
into childrens IP addresses and device identification numbers.
Washington Post (Dec 20, 2012)

77. considerable

large in number or amount or extent or degree

In other words, the trial court wanted to treat the mass media like a public utility, which
carried considerable consequences.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

78. consist

have its essential character

They consist of arms, elbows and very long finger bones connected by two layers of thin skin.
Washington Post (Oct 31, 2012)

79. constant

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

False reviews are a constant problem on consumer Web sites.

New York Times (Nov 13, 2012)

80. constitute

form or compose

The FDA said it is also working on proposed safety regulations targeting imported food
which constitutes 15% of whats eaten in the U.S.
Chicago Tribune (Jan 5, 2013)

81. constrain

hold back

Constrained school budgets are likely to prevent any mass hiring or arming of security officers.
New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

82. construct

make by combining materials and parts

He wanted and received some honest feedback to help construct a game plan that would put
them in better positions to succeed.
Washington Post (Nov 29, 2012)

83. consult

get or ask advice from

She said she had decided to step down after consulting family members and friends.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

84. consume

use up, as resources or materials

The technology in theory allows for thinner screens that consume less power.
Reuters (Jan 8, 2013)

85. contact

be in or establish communication with

Beck made eye contact with me and nodded.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

86. contemporary

belonging to the present time

There is, in other words, much to appreciate about contemporary movies this year.
New York Times (Dec 14, 2012)

87. context
the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation

Geological Survey has posted some useful context and interpretation.

New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

88. contract

a binding agreement that is enforceable by law

Other league business will also resume, including trades and contract signings.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

89. contradict

prove negative; show to be false

The C.I.A.s acting director, Michael Morell, recently contradicted that, saying harsh techniques
did produce some tips that led to Bin Laden.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

90. contrary

exact opposition

On the contrary, he wrote, such clauses are used in most debt restructuring exercises, and
investors would expect Greece to use it.
New York Times (Dec 23, 2012)

91. contribute

give to some cause

In 2009, researchers at Mount Sinai Medical Center reported finding evidence suggesting that the
chemicals may also contribute to obesity in girls.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

92. controversy

a dispute where there is strong disagreement

But the performance has been clouded by controversy.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

93. convene

meet formally

One week later, the sides convened again with federal mediators in New Jersey, but still couldn't
make progress.
New York Times (Dec 29, 2012)

94. converse

carry on a discussion

But people in traditional societies converse constantly, learning from one another and sharing.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

95. convert

change the nature, purpose, or function of something

Let us embrace book shelves that convert to dining room tables.
New York Times (Dec 29, 2012)

96. convince

make realize the truth or validity of something

They are still not convinced of Mr. Bozizs good will.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

97. cooperate

work together on a common enterprise of project

We are cooperating with authorities and conducting a full internal investigation.

New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

98. core

the choicest or most vital part of some idea or experience

College admission personnel will focus on your performance in this year'score academic classes.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

99. correspond

be compatible, similar, or consistent

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had made the temporary cease-fire by Israels airplanes
conditional on a corresponding halt to rocket fire from Gaza.
New York Times (Nov 16, 2012)

100. create

bring into existence

What started as a few coins to buy one hen ends up creating jobs for people all over Ghana.
Washington Post (Jan 11, 2013)

101. criterion

the ideal in terms of which something can be judged

Regulators say lenders must consider at least eight criteria, including a borrowers credit
history, debt obligations, employment status, income and assets.
Washington Post (Jan 10, 2013)

102. crucial

of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis

Developing Internet programming is a crucial part of Sonys future, he said.

New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

103. culture

a particular society at a particular time and place

It was really mixed cultures growing up, she said.

New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

104. currency
the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used

The main move in currency markets Tuesday was a stronger yen.

Wall Street Journal (Jan 7, 2013)

105. cycle

a periodically repeated sequence of events

But real estate tends to move in longer cycles, and Mr. Case is still saying now is a good time to
buy.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

106. debate

a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal

Political capital in the gun debate only goes so far.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

107. decade

a period of 10 years

Decades ago, Andrews whittled wood, watching the shavings fall away to reveal something
recognizable.
Washington Post (Jan 13, 2013)

108. decline

grow worse

But there will be less dancing now, because the chickens numbers havedeclined.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

109. deduce

conclude by reasoning

Looking at a map later, I deduced that this one was private too.
New York Times (Nov 30, 2011)

110. define

show the form or outline of

Relative greatness can be tricky to define across tennis eras.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

111. definite

precise; explicit and clearly defined

While there are no definite plans yet, we are looking to broaden our outreach beyond New
York, said Terry Lynam, a spokesman for North Shore.
New York Times (Mar 8, 2012)

112. demonstrate

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

Over a century of experience in the United States has demonstrated the powerful role
womens colleges play in educating women leaders.
New York Times (Nov 26, 2012)

113. denote

be a sign or indication of

Heard in that light, the works agonized gestures, halting pace and tense
silences denoted courage and ineffable dignity.
New York Times (Mar 12, 2012)

114. deny

declare untrue; contradict

Both the military and Mr. Qadri have publicly denied working together.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

115. depress

press down

"It was the most depressing meeting ever," said one attendee who spoke on the condition of
anonymity.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

116. derive

come from

He said his son was "a very simple person at heart" who " derivespleasures from simple things
in life."
New York Times (Oct 17, 2012)

117. design

the act of working out the form of something

The previous models had identical designs that made it easier for bump drafting because the
front and rear bumpers lined up squarely.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

118. detect

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

But soon enough, they detected something wrong, not least that Mr. Holmes was apparently
trying to conceal a handgun.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

119. device

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

Mr. Scal said wireless fitness devices were becoming popular because they address basic needs
for consumers, unlike another trend seen at the show, enormous televisions.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

120. devote

dedicate
He says movies based on video games rarely please devoted fans and could taint the brand.
New York Times (Dec 16, 2012)

121. differentiate

be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait

Whirlpools key differentiating points are quality and innovation, said Mr. Beck, and the icing
is that, hey, were made in the United States.
New York Times (Dec 24, 2012)

122. dimension

a construct distinguishing objects or individuals

And then there are Houstons narrow field dimensions, a factor in Uniteds struggles this year.
Washington Post (Nov 11, 2012)

123. diminish

decrease in size, extent, or range

The market malfunctions have been assigned part of the blame for thediminishing amount of
trading happening on the nations stock exchanges.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

124. discrete

constituting a separate entity or part

The films narrative is divided into discrete chapters and told out of chronological sequence.
New York Times (Dec 12, 2011)

125. displace

cause to move, usually with force or pressure

There are these young guys in the camps, very well dressed, that are definitely
not displaced persons, Mr. Goffeau said.
New York Times (Dec 16, 2012)

126. display

something intended to communicate a particular impression

Eighty of his black-and-white photographs, taken over a 70-year period, will be on display in this
exhibition.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

127. dispose

throw or cast away

Food trash has to be disposed of immediately, the futon tucked into its slot every morning, each
object stored after use.
New York Times (Sep 22, 2012)

128. distinct

recognizable; marked
The small plant in Montreal is divided into two distinct operations.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

129. distort

twist and press out of shape

But he insists that his work has been intentionally distorted by critics.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

130. distribute

give to several people

Mr. Guevara said he believed the institute should stop producing films and be limited to, say,
renting out sets and distributing movies.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

131. diverse

distinctly dissimilar or unlike

They represent what New York City is all about: a truly diverse melting pot.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

132. document

writing that provides information

The document showed that the containers originated in Iran and declared the contents to be
building materials.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

133. domain

territory over which rule or control is exercised

He said Chinas claims included an area that was clearly part of the Philippines territory and
maritime domain.
New York Times (Nov 22, 2012)

134. dominate

be in control

The Chinese economy remains dominated by manufacturing and factory overcapacity still exists
in some sectors.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

135. draft

any of the various versions in the development of a work

Rethinking Those Words for Screen Any writer knows the sinking feeling: This line, this draft, this
entire project, is not quite working.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

136. drama

a work intended for performance by actors on a stage

She studied art, music and drama in high school and later attended Compton Community
College.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

137. duration

the period of time during which something continues

The researchers also found that short sleep duration and snoring were each independently
associated with a greater likelihood of sleepy driving.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

138. economy

the system of production and distribution and consumption

The Chinese economy remains dominated by manufacturing and factory overcapacity still exists
in some sectors.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

139. element

one of the individual parts making up a composite entity

The importance of employment for former fighters is acknowledged as an important element of

keeping them from picking up arms again.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

140. eliminate

end, take out, or do away with

School districts have reported eliminating thousands of jobs, increasing class sizes and
reducing library services and other programs.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

141. emerge

come out into view, as from concealment

But an emerging labor shortage, particularly of young workers, has changed that picture.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

142. emphasis

special importance or significance

Instead, Mr. Langston explained, the emphasis is on using existing geriatricians as educators
and consultants for the generalist physicians who will actually treat older patients.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

143. empirical

derived from experiment and observation rather than theory

The precise impact can only be determined by careful analysis unencumbered by dogmatic
beliefs not anchored in empirical results.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

144. enable

provide the means to perform some task

New technologies have raised productivity and profits, while enablingcompanies to shed
workers and slice payroll.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

145. encounter

a casual or unexpected convergence

Mr. Reimer also reported that both diesel engines shut off around this time, Mr. Sumwalt said,
though he encountered no problems with steering.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

146. enforce

compel to behave in a certain way

These rules were strictly enforced using the flight recording equipment they carried.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

147. enhance

make better or more attractive

Happily, the field is evolving in ways that may enhance safety.

New York Times (Dec 22, 2012)

148. enormous

extraordinarily large in size or extent or degree

Some exhibits designed by Gallagher & Associates are less enticing,

including enormous interactive video databases.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

149. ensure

make certain of

The Interior Department remains focused on ensuring safe drilling rather than barring drilling off
Alaskas coast.
Washington Post (Jan 8, 2013)

150. entity

that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence

He said about half of all companies today were structured as so-called pass-through entities.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

151. environment

the totality of surrounding conditions

I would rather him be in a classroom environment, Ms. Allen said.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

152. equate

consider or describe as similar or analogous

Bacon said physical activity was important to good health but might not necessarily equate with
weight loss.
New York Times (Nov 20, 2012)

153. equip

provide with, usually for a specific purpose

Some are getting rid of checkout lanes and registers altogether in favor of roaming
clerks equipped with mobile devices, for instance.
New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

154. equivalent

being essentially equal to something

And 100 half-time employees are considered equivalent to 50 full-time employees.

New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

155. erode

become ground down or deteriorate

The states historical lack of spending has had an eroding effect on the district, he said.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

156. establish

set up or found

The most recent one was established by Ford Motors in Mountain View, Calif., in June.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

157. estate

extensive landed property retained by the owner

Today he earns his living in the real estate market niche known as A.R.V., for after repair
value.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

158. estimate

judge tentatively

By some estimates, half of the nations health care plans are run by companies in the Nashville
area.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

159. ethic

principles of right and wrong for an individual or group

Professor Gillers, the legal ethics expert, agreed, saying the ethics rules do not forbid paying for
information.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

160. ethnic

distinctive of the ways of living of a group of people

A vibrant ethnic melting pot, Marseille is also home to an increasing number of contemporary art
and avant-garde performances.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

161. evaluate

estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of

On Wednesday, his office released a statement saying the public prosecutor would evaluate the
commissions findings.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

162. eventual

expected to follow in the indefinite future

As the U.S. economic recovery gains traction, investors also are trying to factor in
an eventual end to the Fed's fiscal stimulus.
Wall Street Journal (Jan 8, 2013)

163. evident

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

In addition, the reports loss estimates are somewhat surprising given that the loans it examined
were made after the mortgage crisis became evident.
New York Times (Dec 12, 2012)

164. evolve

undergo development

This is an evolving and emerging threat, he said.

New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

165. exceed

be superior or better than some standard

An earlier review by the commission found that credit card tips exceeded20 percent in fall
2009.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

166. exclude

prevent from entering; shut out

The most rigorous Drug Free Sport testing panel excludes drugs like peptide hormones,
stimulants, narcotics and many masking agents.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

167. exhibit

show; make visible or apparent

Some exhibits designed by Gallagher & Associates are less enticing, including enormous
interactive video databases.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

168. expand

make bigger or wider in size, volume, or quantity

American economic output has continued to expand at a sluggish pace.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

169. expert

a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully

But even so, such controls have some benefits, public health experts say.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

170. explicit

precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable

And then theres the films explicit subject matter.

New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

171. exploit

use or manipulate to one's advantage

But their potential in other subject areas is already being exploited.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

172. export

sell or transfer abroad

Such findings have implications for national export officials.

Washington Post (Jan 9, 2013)

173. expose

show; make visible or apparent

Empty picture frames hang on exposed brick walls, blank as the mind.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

174. external

happening or arising outside some limits or surface

External demand seems to be holding up better than we had thought, Mr. Moc said.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

175. extract

remove, usually with some force or effort

Green tea extracts, more richly concentrated with EGCG, may not be much better.
New York Times (Dec 24, 2012)

176. facilitate

make easier

We have seen over and over again that states are very eager to facilitatedirect investment
promotion efforts, Mr. Riskind said.
New York Times (Nov 6, 2012)

177. factor

anything that contributes causally to a result

So other factors, such as genetics, may be more important for human longevity.
Washington Post (Dec 31, 2012)

178. feature

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

The organic results featured several Nike entries and various shoe retailers, but no comparison
shopping sites, at least not on the first page.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

179. federal

of a government with central and regional authorities

Currently, people using the card get only one free withdrawal per deposit offederal funds.
Washington Post (Jan 12, 2013)

180. finance

the commercial activity of providing funds and capital

Some of the student exchanges are financed by the Erasmus Program, while others rely on joint
agreements.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

181. finite

bounded in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent

But a broken bone, unlike stretched ligaments, usually heals completely in afinite period of
time.
New York Times (Sep 3, 2012)

182. flexible

able to adjust readily to different conditions

Where screens are concerned, apparently, the future remains flexible.

Washington Post (Jan 7, 2013)

183. fluctuate

move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern

This create a fluctuating magnetic field that generates heat without physical contact.
New York Times (Nov 6, 2012)

184. focus

the concentration of attention or energy on something

The second half focused on specific 20th-century songs in the Gilbert and Sullivan style.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

185. format

the organization of data according to preset specifications

What customers are now seeing reflects changes in the format of Google results.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

186. formula
a symbolic representation of the composition of a compound

One former member of the DNA Subcommittee said he was concerned theformula was based on
assumptions, not practice.
New York Times (Dec 15, 2012)

187. forthcoming

at ease in talking to others

Reflecting on the match Broad outlined the problem clearly enough but was
less forthcoming about the likely solution.
The Guardian (Sep 28, 2012)

"Forthcoming" also implies that someone will say something that others might be reluctant to
say, or that the context might suggest one would be uncomfortable saying.

188. foundation

education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field

The foundation has grown, supporting visual as well as performing artists and changing its
name to the Foundation for Contemporary Arts.
New York Times (Dec 20, 2012)

189. framework

the underlying structure

The ratings firm said that the unpredictable nature of the policyframework in Europe is
weighing on Spain's credit rating.
Wall Street Journal (Oct 11, 2012)

190. function

what something is used for

Her best works function like brilliant collages, creating meaning through idiosyncratic
constellations of references and concepts.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

191. fund

a reserve of money set aside for some purpose

A year later, he and other enthusiasts received a state charter to start collecting funds and
archival material.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

192. fundamental

serving as an essential component

Providing access to the fundamental technology is entirely different, he said in an e-mail

Friday.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

193. furthermore

in addition
Furthermore, the train in Europe or Asia is likely to have traveled at much higher speed.
New York Times (Nov 16, 2012)

194. gender

the biological or cultural traits associated with one sex

Thousands marching for gender justice on New Years eve.

New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

The vocabulary.com definitions of gender lack a common academic use of the word in sociology,
anthropology, and other social sciences to denote the socially constructed category of gender
identity, e.g. what it means to be "male" or "female" and how something in-between is silently
categorized as abnormal.

195. generate

bring into existence

But China is not particularly interested in sharing much of the wealth the railroad
would generate.
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

196. generation

a coming into being

Among them: research showing that boomers are giving their time to community groups at
higher rates than past generations.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

197. globe

an object with a spherical shape

Some artists have created somewhat darker snow globes.

New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

198. goal

the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve

Goals can be extremely effective, depending on how people set and approach them, he says.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

199. grade

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

In all, 17,000 students and more than 1,100 teachers would be affected by closings, program
changes and new grade configurations.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

200. grant

allow to have

The change is allowed under a "local option" granted by the church's General Convention,
church leaders said.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

201. guarantee
an unconditional commitment that something will happen

He found his previous job within 30 days, picking up a years guaranteedcontract work in
Hartford.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

202. guideline

a rule that provides direction for appropriate behavior

Hang gliding became safer as technology improved and trainingguidelines were established.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

203. hierarchy

a series of ordered groupings within a system

Hyenas live in huge social groups called clans that are structured by a linear
dominance hierarchy.
Scientific American (Nov 29, 2012)

204. highlight

move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent

One particularly striking finding in their analysis highlights the power that comes with drawing
the maps.
New York Times (Dec 14, 2012)

205. hypothesis

a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations

His hypothesis was neglected for many years because the methodology for detecting such
chemical factors in the living embryo was not yet available.
Scientific American (Jan 3, 2013)

206. identical

being the exact same one

The previous models had identical designs that made it easier for bump drafting because the
front and rear bumpers lined up squarely.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

207. identify

give the name or characteristics of

The spokeswoman declined to be identified by name, citing company policy.

New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

208. ideology

an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group

Unfortunately, some United States officials are so captured or captivated by the ideology of
modern banking that they want to play along.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

209. ignorance
the lack of knowledge or education

One thing I felt keenly while reading was the ignorance of even great minds, based on when
they lived in history.
New York Times (Jun 6, 2012)

210. illustrate

depict with a visual representation

Investigators have so far not linked any historical pipeline problems to malicious cyberactivity,
but software malfunctions have illustrated the potential threat.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

211. image

a visual representation produced on a surface

Images of a hang glider soaring through the Grand Canyon were offset by reports of dozens of
pilots dying each year in accidents.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

212. immigrate

come into a new country and change residency

When Mr. Salomon was 19, he immigrated to the United States; his father worked in a factory in
New York City.
New York Times (Dec 5, 2012)

213. impact

have an effect upon

Whatever the economic impact of low interest rates, they seem to be helping corporate
America.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

214. implement

apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design

The big idea: Many business leaders struggle with implementing strategic change.
Washington Post (Jan 5, 2013)

215. implicate

bring into intimate and incriminating connection

The cases involving big banks, he said, lacked sufficient evidenceimplicating C.E.Os.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

216. implicit

suggested though not directly expressed

But he said there was an implicit understanding that high-ranking officials were off limits.
New York Times (Dec 25, 2012)

217. imply

express or state indirectly

Foreign exchange reserves have remained largely static for 18 months,implying that the
Chinese central bank has made no major intervention in the currency.
New York Times (Nov 6, 2012)

218. impose

compel to behave in a certain way

Similar restrictions have been imposed by the United Kingdom, Chile and Brazil.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

219. incentive

a positive motivational influence

But using generous economic incentives and relying on conventions has been called an
outdated economic strategy.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

220. incidence

the relative frequency of occurrence of something

The incidences are higher and its more threatening, he said.

New York Times (Jun 28, 2012)

221. incline

lower or bend, as in a nod or bow

Corporations are generally inclined to settle potential cases because even being indicted can
cripple business.
New York Times (Nov 14, 2012)

222. income

the financial gain accruing over a given period of time

Even if income tax rates are higher later, I think the tax deferral makes up for that increase.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

223. incorporate

unite or merge with something already in existence

Clinton said he incorporated both of Obamas suggestions He was right! exclaimed the
former president.
Washington Post (Sep 12, 2012)

224. indicate

designate a place, direction, person, or thing

Instead, he indicated he might have some inside information on who will be.
Chicago Tribune (Jan 11, 2013)

225. individual

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

Everybody needs to put individual thoughts behind them, Smith said.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
 226. induce

cause to act in a specified manner

Ms. Ortega was not in a medically induced coma.

New York Times (Oct 27, 2012)

227. inevitable

incapable of being avoided or prevented

But, he said, In time, as society becomes more comfortable and legal concerns are ironed out,
full autonomy will become practical, inevitableand necessary.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

228. infer

conclude by reasoning

From this they inferred that infants comprehend the cartoon characters perspective, Dr.
Endress said.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2011)

229. infrastructure

the basic features of a system or organization

Mongolias vast grasslands have long attracted adventure travelers, particularly those willing to
go on horseback, but a limited tourisminfrastructure has kept numbers low.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

230. inherent

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

But all predictions based on computer projections have inherentuncertainties.

New York Times (Nov 13, 2012)

231. inhibit

limit the range or extent of

However, she said that the respondents might have been inhibited in answering because their
interviews were carried out in front of other family members.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

232. initial

occurring at the beginning

In fact, Emery still has initial interviews scheduled.

Chicago Tribune (Jan 11, 2013)

233. initiate

set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for

In the last half-dozen presidential campaigns, the news media have attempted to bring more
accountability by initiating ad watches and fact checks.
New York Times (Oct 14, 2012)

234. injure
cause damage or affect negatively

Players saw Smith benched two months ago because he admitted he wasinjured.
Washington Post (Jan 14, 2013)

235. innovate

bring something new to an environment

They are really looking for someone to innovate in nutrition and hunger solutions.
Washington Post (Nov 25, 2012)

236. insert

put or introduce into something

He said he tried unsuccessfully to insert renovations into Lincoln Centers master plan, but
basically the program was over.
New York Times (Dec 5, 2012)

237. insight

clear or deep perception of a situation

But he found that being calm, clear and compassionate gave him betterinsights and better
timing.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

238. inspect

look over carefully

Accredited outside auditors inspected the factory on Walmarts behalf at least twice in 2011, he
said.
New York Times (Dec 6, 2012)

239. instance

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

Research has found, for instance, that Indian mothers tend to breast-feed boys longer than they
do girls, Ms. Anderson said.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

240. institute

set up or lay the groundwork for

The Electric Power Research Institute has some advice, none of it encouraging.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

There is an additional meaning of "institute" not raised in vocabulary.com, that is, to implement.

241. instruct

impart skills or knowledge to

He is not technically an assistant coach, but he helps instruct the quarterbacks.

New York Times (Nov 7, 2012)

242. integral

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

As this season has gone on, it has become more integral in Seattle's offense.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

243. integrate

make into a whole or make part of a whole

This mission is complicated by the fact that Moscows ruling class is, in fact, already
deeply integrated into Western Europe.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

244. integrity

an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting

Engineers determined that weaker ones were originally installed, raising concerns about the
structures integrity.
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

245. intelligence

the ability to comprehend

He also noted that to carry out commando raids, the American military needs bases,
an intelligence network and arrangements for medical evacuation.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

246. intense

extremely sharp

Currently in China people are unusually sensitive to developments like this, and so the reaction
has been quite intense, Mr. Zhan said.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

247. interact

do something together or with others

He clearly enjoyed interacting with sports fans of Chicago he respects.

Chicago Tribune (Dec 17, 2012)

248. intermediate

around the middle of a scale of evaluation

Has also assumed a bigger role in the passing game, primarily at theintermediate levels.
New York Times (Nov 7, 2012)

249. internal

located inward

The Internal Revenue Service issued guidance to employers to increase withholding from
paychecks beginning Tuesday to match new tax rates at every income level.
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

250. interpret

make sense of; assign a meaning to

But people do interpret and observe religion differently and, as Celtics Coach Doc Rivers noted,
a fair number of folks do work on Christmas.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

251. interval

the distance between things

Players who sustained head injuries also received scans at three intervals after the injuries, with
researchers using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
New York Times (Nov 30, 2012)

252. intervene

get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action

Meanwhile, financial markets remain focused on how the European Central Bank might actually
go about intervening in government bond markets.
New York Times (Aug 20, 2012)

253. intrinsic

belonging to a thing by its very nature

Roughly speaking, some Christian thinkers believe animals have intrinsicrights to be treated
well, like people.
New York Times (Oct 15, 2011)

254. investigate

conduct an inquiry of

Police detectives are investigating several thefts in at least two precincts that appear to include
the same suspects, said Sgt.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

255. invoke

cite as an authority

Yet the concepts invoked are often abstract, requiring reflection and explanation.
New York Times (Dec 13, 2012)

256. involve

contain as a part

Another United States Attorneys office could reopen that investigation, several
lawyers involved in the case said, although that is unlikely.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

257. isolate

place or set apart

That damage would have been reduced by about two-thirds if controllers in Houston isolated the
rupture as soon as problems emerged, investigators said.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

258. issue

some situation or event that is thought about

The big issues that Nokia faces, he said, are managing efficiently, building great products and
changing the way we operate.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

259. journal

a periodical dedicated to a particular subject

The findings were published online January 10 in the Journal of Breath Research.
Scientific American (Jan 11, 2013)

260. justify

show to be right by providing proof

Justifying her sentence, she noted that the men were driven by financial motives and difficult
family circumstances rather than ideology.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

261. label

a brief description given for purposes of identification

Ms. Lutz, the Living Essentials spokeswoman, said the bold No Crash Later statement on
product labels was followed by a special mark.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

262. layer

a single thickness of some substance or material

If Disney can drive more value from existing infrastructure by layering on technology, that is
extremely powerful, said Mr. Brown of Lo-Q.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

263. lecture

an educational talk delivered by a teacher in a classroom

But each year, Mr. Wright gives a lecture on his experiences as a parent of a child with special
needs.
New York Times (Dec 25, 2012)

264. legal

established by or founded upon law or official rules

As required by state law, the patients legal guardian was notified, along with local law
enforcement.
Washington Post (Jan 10, 2013)

265. legislate

make laws or bills

But the recently introduced Lisbon Treaty has widened the scope for Brussels to ask member
nations to legislate on criminal matters.
New York Times (Dec 8, 2010)

266. locate

determine the place of by searching or examining

But no one has ever thought that the fountain might be located beneath a house in Maine.
Washington Post (Jan 5, 2013)

267. maintain

keep in a certain state, position, or activity

Mr. Sprecher indicated that he was willing to maintain two headquarters, ICE's home in Atlanta
and the Big Board's center in New York City.
New York Times (Dec 21, 2012)

268. major

greater in number or size or amount

Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. also is meeting separately Thursday withmajor gun retailers,
including Wal-Mart.
Washington Post (Jan 11, 2013)

269. manipulate

influence or control shrewdly or deviously

As the financial crisis was heating up, Barclays said it manipulated rates to increase profits and
hide its failing financial health.
Washington Post (Dec 13, 2012)

270. manual

of or relating to the hands

However, back at the other office, Mr. Tuli did point out an engineer who was
translating manuals for companies assembling DataWind tablets in China.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

271. margin

the boundary line or area immediately inside the boundary

The new military spending bill, known as the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act, was
passed in both houses of Congress by wide margins.
New York Times (Dec 24, 2012)

272. mature

having reached full natural growth or development

Coach Mike Smith said Monday they had learned from and been maturedby their recent
disappointments.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

273. mechanism

device consisting of a piece of machinery

Mr. Kasuri expressed surprise over the governments failure to install an effective
firewall mechanism despite having months to do so.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

274. medium

the surrounding environment

Witnesses told local news media that the helicopter appeared to have exploded after hitting the
ground.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

275. mediate

act between parties with a view to reconciling differences

A few violence interrupters were mediating between the gangs' leaders, while the rest worked
the crowd, calming people down.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

276. medical

relating to the study or practice of medicine

But some critics said that poor and uninsured patients sometimes used the emergency room as
their primary source of medical care.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

277. mental

involving the mind or an intellectual process

Yet Justice Del Giudice, who was scheduled to sentence Mr. Isaac, ordered amental health
examination instead.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

278. method

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way

Other schools have also adopted inventive methods to promote graduating in four years.
Time (Jan 10, 2013)

What's missing in this definition is "the scientific method," or the "Methods" section of a research
paper.

279. migrate

move from one country or region to another and settle there

Jeffrey Hart is a Briton migrating back and forth between Canada and the United States on work
visas, gaining experience in natural building.
New York Times (Aug 20, 2012)

280. minimal

the least possible

The fighters are operating on a minimal budget, eating just one meal a day, he added.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

281. minimum

the smallest possible quantity

Employees will be given a minimum 60-day notice before any furlough of longer than 22 days
takes place, according to the document.
Washington Post (Dec 28, 2012)

282. minor
inferior in number or size or amount

In my next post, we'll look at how seemingly minor details in a transaction, if not handled
properly, can make your life miserable.
New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

283. mode

how something is done or how it happens

Altogether, shifting transportation modes would drive up prices, he said, adding, Rail is not the
answer.
New York Times (Dec 24, 2012)

284. modify

cause to change; make different

Riders complained about inaccurate modified schedules on the Web site a criticism the
agency sometimes acknowledged.
New York Times (Dec 15, 2012)

285. monitor

keep an eye on; keep under surveillance

A screen in one corner relayed footage from the closed circuit cameras installed across the office
floors, monitoring staff activity.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

286. motive

the reason that arouses action toward a desired goal

But his prime motive in choosing Google, he said, was online collaboration.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

287. mutual

common to or shared by two or more parties

Teams are taught four skill sets: leadership, mutual support, situation monitoring and
communication.
Washington Post (Dec 26, 2012)

288. negate

make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of

She notes that salad dressing packets typically contain as many as four servings, which
can negate any nutritional value of the greens.
Washington Post (Dec 20, 2011)

289. neutral

having no personal preference

As head of state, the queen performs some ceremonial and formal duties related to government
but must remain neutral on political matters.
New York Times (Dec 19, 2012)

290. nevertheless
despite anything to the contrary

Nevertheless, Mr. Ostreicher ended up in June 2011 as the only American in Palmasola Prison,
an experience he described as sheer terror.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

291. nonetheless

despite anything to the contrary

Nonetheless, Mr. Cowens illnesses have led to his falling about $8,400 behind in his rent; he
could face eviction proceedings beginning next month.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

292. norm

a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical

However, lets take it one step further, beyond social norms.

Washington Post (Dec 6, 2012)

293. normal

conforming with a standard, level, or type

I think this is going to end up like a regular summer weekend, no more busy than normal, he
said.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

294. notion

a general inclusive concept

The notion that Indias weak manufacturing sector can catch up to China in advanced computer
hardware also strikes some experts as far-fetched.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

295. notwithstanding

despite anything to the contrary

The gloomy weather forecast notwithstanding, the day was indeed summery.
New York Times (Jun 30, 2012)

296. nuclear

constituting the core or central part

A few prominent environmentalists argue that the rapidly heating world cannot make wrenching
changes without nuclear power to ease the transition.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

297. objective

the goal intended to be attained

Mr. Dempsey's stated main objective was to preserve as many Tully's jobs as possible.
New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)

298. obtain

come into possession of

A Web site marketing Wegelin's services said, "Neither the Swiss government nor any other
government can obtain information about your bank account."
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

299. obvious

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

Jet lags severity depends on several factors, the most obvious being how many time zones you
crossed.
Washington Post (Jan 1, 2013)

300. occupy

live in (a certain place)

Next to it is a lane usually occupied by parked vehicles, and then a traffic lane.
New York Times (Dec 29, 2012)

301. occur

to be found to exist

However nothing else occurred, and in a few minutes he had gone back to sleep.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

302. offset

a compensating equivalent

That is a particularly weighty question, given the urgent need for tax revenue to offset the
ballooning federal budget deficit.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

303. ongoing

currently happening

Discussions with various authorities in relation to Libor setting areongoing, an RBS

spokeswoman said.
Wall Street Journal (Jan 10, 2013)

304. option

one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen

All options are on the table, said a senior European official who is participating in the talks but
was not authorized to speak publicly.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

305. outcome

something that results

Sure, compound interest has a powerful outcome, but it takes an awfully long time to become
fun and exciting.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

306. output

production of a certain amount

American economic output has continued to expand at a sluggish pace.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

307. overall

including everything

Overall, though, analysts said the industry eased up on promotions such as rebates and low-
interest financing.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

308. overlap

extend over and cover a part of

The building housed a research center run by the national security agency, one of
many overlapping intelligence agencies.
New York Times (Jul 19, 2012)

309. panel

sheet that forms a distinct section of something

On request, Mr. Singh showed a sample of a touchscreen panel that he said had been made at
DataWind's manufacturing unit in Montreal.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

310. paradigm

a standard or typical example

Even if these new shows end up being remakes of familiar paradigms, more is at stake here.
New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)

311. parallel

being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting

Increasingly she turned to writing about the recipes she was trying as her interest in cooking
deepened in parallel to her relationship.
New York Times (Dec 12, 2012)

312. participate

be involved in

All options are on the table, said a senior European official who isparticipating in the talks but
was not authorized to speak publicly.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

313. passive

lacking in energy or will

On this night, Ms. Meade basically brought to a character a vulnerability that came across
as passive.
New York Times (Dec 7, 2012)

314. perceive

to become aware of through the senses

Insurance, like taxes, quantifies the perceived societal cost of an activity.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

315. period

an amount of time

We were a little bit lost last year when he was out for such an extendedperiod of time, Troy
Brouwer said.
Washington Post (Jan 11, 2013)

316. persist

continue to exist

While the specific numbers have most likely shifted over time, the basic categories persist.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

317. perspective

a way of regarding situations or topics

It is helpful to summarize the important policy effects on the labor market from
workers' perspectives in terms of marginal tax rates.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

318. phase

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

Hes progressively gotten better in all phases, Haslett said.

Washington Post (Dec 21, 2012)

319. phenomenon

any state or process known through the senses

Researchers found that employee turnover slows down considerably as businesses get older and
bigger, which could be contributing to the wagephenomenon.

320. philosophy

a belief accepted as authoritative by some group or school

He often coupled common sense with Greek philosophy, which, he wrote, "seemed to astonish
the whole journalistic fraternity in New York City."
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

321. physical

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

Various companies showed off tools that intervened in our physical lives.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

322. policy

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

Chuck Hagel is out of the mainstream, Mr. Graham says, on most issues regarding
foreign policy.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)
 323. portion

something determined in relation to a thing that includes it

A large portion of that is held by a group of hedge funds including York Capital Management,
which invests heavily in distressed debt.
Chicago Tribune (Dec 17, 2012)

324. pose

put into a certain place or abstract location

Pointing out the potential hazards posed by data brokers and the like is part of Mr. Fertiks M.O.
New York Times (Dec 8, 2012)

325. positive

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance

Call me an optimist, but I see positive indications of the markets moving forward, he said.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

326. potential

existing in possibility

Investors fixated last year on so-called tail risks, or potential negative surprises.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

327. practitioner

someone who carries out a learned profession

Many practitioners havent caught up to the advanced technology yet, he said.

New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

328. precede

be earlier in time

There are perils in having publicity precede peer review.

New York Times (Jul 29, 2012)

329. precise

sharply exact or accurate or delimited

The precise impact can only be determined by careful analysis unencumbered by dogmatic
beliefs not anchored in empirical results.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

330. predict

tell in advance

Research is why he will never live in Seattle, he said; scientists arepredicting a big earthquake
someday.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

331. predominant

having superior power and influence

According to the World Health Organization, B flus are predominant in China.
New York Times (Feb 24, 2012)

332. preliminary

preceding or in preparation for something more important

West Bengal: A preliminary medical examination suggested that a three-year-old girl was raped
in Goai village, the Indian Express reported.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

333. presume

take to be the case or to be true

The 32 remaining passengers are presumed to have drowned.

New York Times (Dec 20, 2012)

334. previous

just preceding something else in time or order

He found his previous job within 30 days, picking up a years guaranteed contract work in
Hartford.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

335. primary

of first rank or importance or value

But some critics said that poor and uninsured patients sometimes used the emergency room as
their primary source of medical care.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

336. prime

of or relating to the first or originating agent

Acquiring the service would not only give Apple access to prime data but also, as Search Engine
Land noted, would complement Apple in other ways.
Washington Post (Jan 3, 2013)

337. principal

most important element

Among Wall Street's principal concerns about Facebook has been the company's ability to profit
as its users increasingly log in on their mobile phones.
New York Times (Nov 14, 2012)

338. principle

a basic generalization that is accepted as true

The business was built on two main principles: outstanding customer service and offering high-
quality clothes to help people become accepted into society, relatives said.
Chicago Tribune (Dec 31, 2012)

339. prior

earlier in time
Mr. Akhtar said that no prior warning or threat had been given to his organization by militants.
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

340. priority

status established in order of importance or urgency

When you are running investments, your priority needs to be maximizing return.
Washington Post (Jan 4, 2013)

341. proceed

move ahead; travel onward in time or space

If successful, lawyers said, future proceedings, at least in the pre trial stage, will be open.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

342. process

a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

Hall of Fame voting is ultimately designed to be a consensus process.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

343. professional

of or relating to or suitable as an occupation

Mitchell, 30, entered his last fight coming off the longest layoff of hisprofessional career.
Washington Post (Jan 10, 2013)

344. prohibit

command against

One student studying preschool education said she was prohibited from quitting her internship
and was compelled to work night shifts.
New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)

345. project

a planned undertaking

The landscaping project was announced in 2011 but has taken time to advance through public
review as officials wrestled with the security question.
New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)

346. promote

contribute to the progress or growth of

Some rinks installed concrete floors to promote cooling, but others employed newer
technologies.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

347. proportion

relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude

Insulin is known to fuel cell growth, and cancer cells consume glucose out ofproportion to other
nutrients.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)
 348. prospect

the possibility of future success

Nothing to do, no prospects for getting out.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

349. protocol

forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats

But organizations that foster student musicians still mostly insist on standard protocols.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

350. psychology

the science of mental life

David Popplewell of Brasenose College grilled an experimental psychologycandidate by asking:

"Why do human beings have two eyes?"
New York Times (Oct 15, 2012)

351. publication

the act of issuing printed materials

The New York Times and other mainstream publications published hundreds of the documents
Private Manning is accused of leaking.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

352. publish

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

The Smoking Gun Web site published the document online.

Washington Post (Jan 10, 2013)

353. purchase

something acquired by buying

He also said that there are no minimum purchases required by distributors, denouncing so-
called "pay to play" allegations.
Reuters (Jan 10, 2013)

354. pursue

follow in an effort to capture

Ask for help pursuing that interest beyond class assignments.

New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

355. qualitative

involving distinguishing attributes

It will also require improved techniques for integrating quantitative andqualitative information.
New York Times (Nov 9, 2012)

356. radical

far beyond the norm

Voters appeared to prefer stability over Mr. Moons calls for radical change.
New York Times (Dec 20, 2012)

357. random

lacking any definite plan or order or purpose

Monte Carlo methods use a random process to solve complicated problems.

New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

358. range

a variety of different things or activities

He successfully fought to keep cost increases within a manageable range.

New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

359. ratio

relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude

Pythagoras, he tells us, used the concept of dissonance in coming to his theories about the
simple ratios of whole numbers.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

360. rational

consistent with or based on or using reason

Is there any rational reason to think that things will change next year?
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

361. react

show a response to something

Every college coach wants smart players athletes who can grasp complex offenses, dissect
sophisticated defenses and react quickly under pressure.
Washington Post (Jan 7, 2013)

362. recover

regain or make up for

Figure Skating Championships later this month while he recovers from hip surgery.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

363. refine

reduce to a pure state

But experts also suggested that concepts of fat be refined.

New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

364. regime

the governing authority of a political unit

In general, I think the regime in Damascus is approaching collapse, he said.

New York Times (Dec 13, 2012)

365. region
the extended spatial location of something

The region is loaded with iron, and mining companies will continue to go after it.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

366. regulate

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage

While closely regulated by the Department of Environmental Conservation, New York also offers
great fishing opportunities.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

367. reinforce

strengthen and support with rewards

Patterns of one or the other are reinforced over time.

New York Times (Nov 28, 2012)

368. reject

refuse to accept or acknowledge

Intermittent fighting increased last month when the rebels rejected a government demand that
they allow supply convoys to reach an army base.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

369. relax

become loose or looser or less tight

At a Tuesday morning news conference, Saban seemed relaxed.

New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

370. release

grant freedom to; free from confinement

Another senior official, speaking anonymously because he was not authorized to release military
information, said two pilots were on board.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

371. relevant

having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue

"But working on something so relevant to society caught my attention."

New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

372. reluctance

a certain degree of unwillingness

But he was expressing some reluctance to get on board.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

373. rely

have confidence or faith in

But there is an inherent risk in anything that relies on transporting natural resources because
demand can vary.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

374. remove

take something away as by lifting, pushing, or taking off

Six thousand fewer tons of steel trusses, which were removed in 2004.
New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

375. require

have need of

Current law requires reporting multiple purchases of handguns, but not semi-automatic assault
rifles.
Washington Post (Jan 12, 2013)

376. research

a seeking for knowledge

Research has found, for instance, that Indian mothers tend to breast-feed boys longer than they
do girls, Ms. Anderson said.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

377. reside

live in

I was intrigued by our parallel worlds - two Muslim Middle Eastern women, eyes lined with pencils
of coal, residing in the United States.
New York Times (Nov 27, 2012)

378. resource

aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed

But there is an inherent risk in anything that relies on transporting naturalresources because
demand can vary.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

379. respond

show a reaction to something

Protest leaders said the court had given the state six days to respond.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

380. restore

bring back into original existence, function, or position

Some other buildings in the area have yet to have their phone servicerestored, however,
Verizon officials said.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

381. restrain

hold back
Additional cuts in government spending later this year, above those already emanating from the
cap on discretionary spending, would further restrainjob creation.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

382. restrict

limit access to

But of greater concern was this: A hang gliding flight that crossed intorestricted airspace was
ineligible for the record book.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

383. retain

hold back within

Hirscher retained his lead in the overall World Cup standings.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

384. reveal

make known to the public information previously kept secret

If prodded, Mr. Gogu will reveal a few celebrity stories.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

385. revenue

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

That is a particularly weighty question, given the urgent need for taxrevenue to offset the
ballooning federal budget deficit.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

386. reverse

change to the contrary

But Mrs. Nader and some others are beginning to reverse that trend.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

387. revise

reorganize, especially for the purpose of improving

The revised editorial instead lauded Communist Partys policies.

New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

388. revolution

a single complete turn

The biggest winner in this revolution will likely be Google, with its free Android operating
system.
Washington Post (Jan 4, 2013)

389. rigid

fixed and unmoving

The result is the smallest, most rigid playing field in recent history: One that excludes 41 states.
Washington Post (Oct 10, 2012)
 390. role

the actions and activities assigned to a person or group

Newsome remembers Lewiss first news conference after his role in the Atlanta murders was
resolved.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

391. route

an established line of travel or access

Alabama, en route to its third national title in four years, scored the first three times it had the
ball.
Washington Post (Jan 8, 2013)

392. scenario

a postulated sequence of possible events

They are always prepared for different scenarios, he said of the government.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

393. schedule

a list of times at which things are planned to occur

Washington is scheduled to open its season Saturday at Tampa Bay.

Washington Post (Jan 12, 2013)

394. scheme

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

Some of these offers turned out to be Ponzi schemes.

New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

395. scope

an area in which something operates or has power or control

The credit can also apply to a wide scope of industries not just manufacturing, but computer
software, architects, engineers, and food processing firms.

396. section

one of several parts or pieces that fit with others

The Journal is planning a full page of excerpts in its Leisure & Arts sectionon Wednesday.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

397. sector

a particular aspect of life or activity

The China corporate sector has been battling falling profits.

New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

398. secure

free from danger or risk

Register online well in advance to secure a spot at your preferred test site.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

399. sequence

a following of one thing after another in time

We built five separate set pieces to shoot different parts of the sequence, Mr. Hennah said.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

400. series

similar things placed in order or one after another

But laying out a series of possible routes would allow readers to make an educated choice.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

401. shift

move very slightly

While the specific numbers have most likely shifted over time, the basic categories persist.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

402. significant

important in effect or meaning

"To go this far without significant problems after the worst housing crisis since the Great
Depression is remarkable," Mr. Griffith said.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

403. simulate

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

They reported the results of the simulated audio invasion online on Wednesday in Biology
Letters.
New York Times (Jun 7, 2012)

404. so-called

doubtful or suspect

Better still, he said, are so-called unconstrained bond funds whose managers have great
flexibility in how they invest.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

405. source

the place where something begins

According to a reliable source, Baseball has ruled on it.

Washington Post (Dec 14, 2012)

406. specific

distinguishing something particular or unique

Department stores like Saks Fifth Avenue use e-mail to target specific audiences, but older
shoppers still must sift through clothes and accessories for all ages.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
 407. specify

be particular about

The sentence mentioning the alternate swearing-in does not specify a date, and government
officials have said that means Mr. Chvez can be sworn in later.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

408. sphere

a round three-dimensional closed surface

After surviving the collapse of the twin towers, the battered sphere was moved to Battery Park.
New York Times (Oct 17, 2012)

409. stable

resistant to change of position or condition

Mr. Abrams said rental companies preferred to keep prices stable and spend their energy on
trying to gain market share.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

410. statistic

a datum that can be represented numerically

In recent years, a growing number of high schools have stopped providing class rankings to
colleges, raising questions about the value of the statistic.

411. status

a state at a particular time

But he has made no mention of addressing North Koreas status as one of the worlds least
wired nations.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

412. straightforward

pointed directly ahead

"We are always looking for sophisticated and straightforward dishes to add to our tailgate
menu," Jackson wrote.
New York Times (Nov 16, 2012)

413. strategy

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

But using generous economic incentives and relying on conventions has been called an outdated
economic strategy.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

414. stress

difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension

An estimated 75 to 90 percent of all doctors' visits are related to stress.

US News (Jan 8, 2013)

415. structure
the building of something and the arrangement of its parts

Engineers determined that weaker ones were originally installed, raising concerns about
the structures integrity.
New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)

416. style

a particular kind

Tunisian Style Baked Cauliflower Frittata In the authentic version of this frittata there is a lot
more olive oil, as well as chopped hard-boiled eggs.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

417. submit

hand over formally

Litigation often waits until after claims are submitted, evaluated and adjusted, said Lon Berk,
partner at Hunton & Williams.
Wall Street Journal (Dec 27, 2012)

418. subordinate

lower in rank or importance

Being a United States Marine means showing no weakness, no pain, especially to

your subordinates.
New York Times (Jun 22, 2012)

419. subsequent

following in time or order

But nothing in Mr. Sullivans universe is random, and subsequent chapters reveal a tangle of
dark meanings under the surface.
New York Times (Dec 11, 2012)

420. subsidy

a grant paid by a government to an enterprise

Meanwhile, Mr. Chidambaram aims to cut India's budget deficit by reducing fuel subsidies.
Wall Street Journal (Dec 18, 2012)

421. substitute

a person or thing that can take the place of another

Cellphones, email and Skype allow more connection among family members and loved ones, but
are no substitute for being there.
New York Times (Nov 12, 2012)

422. successor

a person who follows next in order

His successor at the U.S. unit will be announced later, BP said.

New York Times (Nov 23, 2012)

423. sufficient
of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement

The cases involving big banks, he said, lacked sufficient evidence implicating C.E.Os.
New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)

424. summary

briefly giving the gist of something

In the committee meetings, the summaries prepared by the first and second readers are often
read out loud and discussed.
New York Times (Sep 27, 2012)

425. supplement

an additional component that improves capability

Some contain anabolic steroids, and even high-quality proteinsupplements might be dangerous
in large amounts, or if taken to replace meals, he said.
New York Times (Nov 21, 2012)

426. survey

make a detailed inspection of; for statistical purposes

A survey in China on Monday found manufacturing activity in that country expanded for the
third consecutive month.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

427. survive

continue in existence after

Last week, in fact, he survived a vigilante assassination attempt; a car bomb reportedly killed
the would-be assassin.
New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)

428. suspend

stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it

Last spring, Binghamton University suspended pledging after a series of complaints about
people being physically abused, deprived of sleep and forced to drink heavily.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

429. sustain

lengthen or extend in duration or space

He balked at describing the actions as harassment or molestation, saying that implied

aggravated or sustained behavior.
New York Times (Dec 30, 2012)

430. symbol

something visible that represents something invisible

She is looking for dinnerware painted with winged goddesses, holding aloft trumpets and bald
eagles, which are symbols of the Society of the Cincinnati.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

431. target
a reference point to shoot at

In the mid-1990s, some joined suicide bombing attacks aimed at military and civilian targets,
sometimes deflecting suspicion by dressing as though pregnant.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

432. task

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

The task had taken considerably longer than expected.

New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

433. technical

of or relating to aptitude in a practical skill

Ultimately, Mr. Bevan noticed that Iran had published limited technicaldetails of its cartridges,
including bullet weights.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

434. technique

a practical method or art applied to some particular task

Each had been a licensed peace officer for five to seven years and had received specialized
training in investigative techniques and firearms.
New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)

435. technology

the practical application of science to commerce or industry

New technologies have raised productivity and profits, while enabling companies to shed
workers and slice payroll.
New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)

436. temporary

not permanent; not lasting

Then in late March, a temporary law financing the government expires.

New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

437. terminate

be the last or concluding part of

Terminating that case without a further fight, however, would mean giving up on charging other
detainees with those offenses.
New York Times (Jan 7, 2013)

438. text

the words of something written

Writing essays has never been my strong suit; I have as much difficulty conveying sincerity
through text as I do in speech.
New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)

439. theme
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

I derive my themes from whats happening in everyday life, Ms. Dimoula had said earlier.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

440. theory

a belief that can guide behavior

In theory you could have fired that cannon, Mr. Browne said, because the powder was still
working.
New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)

441. thereby

by that means or because of that

In principle, work and investment decisions become more efficient and thereby raise growth.
New York Times (Oct 16, 2012)

442. thesis

an unproved statement advanced as a premise in an argument

My original thesis that only Washington Nationals employees, Washington Nationals fans and
D.C. media members supported the strategy has turned out to be incorrect.
Washington Post (Aug 29, 2012)

443. topic

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

Her newest book, Prime Time, a mix of advice on health, fitness, friendship, sex and
other topics, recently came out in paperback.
Washington Post (Jan 7, 2013)

444. trace

an indication that something has been present

North Korea also deployed equipment to trace cellphone signals.

New York Times (Jan 4, 2013)

445. tradition

a specific practice of long standing

Yes, it's a New York tradition, the first gathering having taken place in 1904.
New York Times (Dec 31, 2012)

446. transfer

move from one place to another

He ended up at Division III Greensboro College for two years until Clark secured his transfer to
Stanford.
New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)

447. transform

change or alter in form, appearance, or nature

Regulators say money market funds need to be fundamentally transformed to prevent them
from creating too much systemic risk.
Washington Post (Jan 12, 2013)