The experience acquired by

Fluiten as a mechanical seal

manufacturer has led to the
construction of a wide range of
rotary joints for universal duties,
for coolants, pneumatics and
hydraulics.
Besides the standard models
described in this catalogue,
various special executions are
available (i.e. full Stainless Steel
execution for food and
pharmaceutical plants, with
more passages. etc.).
The reliability of our joints
is a result of the quality of
the materials, the precision
with which we accomplish
our operations, and the
testing of all the joints
before shipping.
Technological
developments can lead,
over time, to modifications.
For this reason, and for any
other kind of question not
included in this catalogue, we
Johnson-Fluiten ROTARY JOINTS: ask you to contact us.
The strong link in your system
 Quick Replacement Device (QRD)
For a simple and quick replacement
of seal elements.

Robust and reliable

antirotation device
High precision roller bearings

Stainless steel rotor

Springs not in contact with the product:

no clogging and minimum head loss.

ISO 228 threaded rotor

connection. NPT threads
or flanged connections
are available on request

Wide range of gasket materials: NBR,

Balanced seal: Fluoroelastomer, Ethylene Propylene,
reduced friction torque Aflas.
Perfluoroelastomer available on request

Wide range of seal rings materials for the

best performance with any product.
Premium grade Graphite, Chromium
Molybdenum stainless steel, high quality
Silicon Carbide.
 1 In R type rotary joints, the seal substitution can be carried out
without dismounting the joint from its application. This is possible
by means of our Quick Replacement Device. It is sufficient to remove
the blocking screws (1) and separate the body to substitute the two
seal rings (2) and the O-rings. It is thus possible to quickly adapt
the joint to fluids requiring different sealing materials; in view of such
2 event we have prepared replacements kits comprising two seal rings,
O-ring gaskets and a series of springs.

ROTARY JOINTS TYPE R009-R050 - FRICTION TORQUE - FLUID : WATER

10,000
EXTERNAL SPRINGS
Fluids that are highly viscous or contain 9,000

solid particles can produce clogging of 8,000

the seal springs. Externally mounted
seal springs which are not in contact 7,000
Friction torque [N*m]

with the fluid make these joints suitable 6,000

to operate with any type of fluid.
5,000

LOW FRICTION TORQUE 4,000

The balanced seal design minimizes
3,000
values of friction torque at increasing
pressure. The diagram on right shows, 2,000

for all Rotary Joints sizes, measured

1,000
values of friction torque with water.
0,000
12,5

17,5

22,5

27,5

32,5

37,5

42,5

47,5
2,5

7,5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50
5

THE MECHANICAL SEAL: THE HEART Pressure[bar]

R009 R019 R031
OF EVERY JOINT R012 R025 R038
R050

Fluiten has been manifacturing

mechanical seals for any kind of
applications for 40 years, developing
an extensive knowledge of all issues
related to the design and production of
mechanical seals.
Fluiten has successfully challenged high
pressures, sliding speeds of 10 m/s
and more.
The range of products dealt with goes
from water, oil, and lubricants to
ROTARY JOINTS TYPE R064-150 - FRICTION TORQUE - FLUID : WATER
foodstuffs such as jam or honey, and 70,000
pharmaceuticals such as injectables
and antibiotics, for which no emission 60,000
are required.
The continuous growth of first installation
50,000
seals sales highlights Fluitens success
Friction torque [N*m]

and is the best guarantee for our

customers. 40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0,000
12,5

17,5

22,5
2,5

7,5

10

15

20

25
5

R064 R089 R125 Pressure[bar]

R076 R102 R150
 L
FOR RH VERSION ONLY Stationary
Rotary ring
ring
Body
L2 Support
Rotary ring Springs
secondary Stationary ring
seal secondary seal

M
A

C
G
T

Rotor

L10
FLANGED
CONNECTIONS
SHOWN AT
PAGE 11
B
L1 L3

MODEL A B C G M T H L L1 L2 L3 L10 MASS

(ISO 228) (ISO 7) (ISO 7) f8 Kg
R-RH 009 G 3/8 - A Rp 3/8 Rp 1/4 10 50 24 19 89 9 22 71 22 0,7
R-RH 012 G 1/2 - A Rp 1/2 Rp 3/8 13 56 29 24 98 12 26 78 23 0,9
R-RH 019 G 3/4 - A Rp 3/4 Rp 1/2 16 67 35 30 118 14 30 92 27,5 1,6
R-RH 025 G1-A Rp 1 Rp 3/4 25 82 41 36 134 16 35 104 35 2,7
R-RH 031 G 1 1/4 - A Rp 1 1/4 Rp 1 32 93 52 46 154 19 42 116 39 3,6
R-RH 038 G 1 1/2 - A Rp 1 1/2 Rp 1 1/4 38 108 60 55 170 20 44 126 44,5 5,6
R-RH 050 G2-A Rp 2 Rp 1 1/2 48 120 68 60 180 23 47 131 50 7,7
Dimensions subject to change without notice.

PRESSURE MAX bar 50 25 25 10 50 25 25 10 50 50 25 10

SPEED MAX rpm 3000 3000 1500 1500 2800 2800 1400 1400 2600 2600 1300 1300

SEAL MAT.: B WATER SEAL MAT.: A* WATER

FLUID: AIR JOINT
TYPE: R GASKET: 3
FLUID:
up to 90
JOINT
TYPE: R GASKET: 3
FLUID:
up to 180
JOINT
TYPE: RH
* For abrasive liquids use SEAL MATERIAL: C (see page 15)
See temperature limits on page 15

Rotary Joints type R009/050 - Head loss - 1 Passage Fluid: Water

10,00

1,00
R009
R012
Head Loss [bar]

R019
R025
R031
R038
R050
0,10

0,01
1010
1050
1090
1130
1170
1210
1250
1290
1330
1370
1410
130
170
210
250
290
330
370
410
450
490
530
570
610
650
690
730
770
810
850
890
930
970
10
50
90

Flow Rate [l/min]

 L4 L7
Rotary ring Stationary
FOR RH secondary ring
L2 VERSION ONLY seal
Support
L8
Stationary ring
Rotary secondary seal
ring Springs

SYPHON SUPPLIED Body

BY THE CUSTOMER

ROTATING SYPHON FIXED SYPHON

H

M
G
A
T

L9
L10
Rotor

FLANGED
CONNECTIONS
SHOWN AT
PAGE 11
B D
L1 L3 L5

MODEL A B D E F G H M T L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L7 L8 L9 L10 MASS

(ISO 228) (ISO 7) (ISO 7) h13 (ISO 7) f8 Kg

R-RH 009 G 3/8 - A Rp 3/8 Rp 1/4 6 M6x1 10 19 50 24 9 22 71 80 34 20 10 16 22 0,7

R-RH 012 G 1/2 - A Rp 1/2 Rp 3/8 10 Rp 1/8 13 24 56 29 12 26 78 88 40 20 8 17 23 1,0
R-RH 019 G 3/4 - A Rp 3/4 Rp 1/2 13 Rp 1/4 16 30 67 35 14 30 92 106 49 24 11 19 27,5 1,8
R-RH 025 G1-A Rp 1 Rp 1/2 16 Rp 3/8 25 36 82 41 16 35 104 121 55 26 12 22 35 3,1
R-RH 031 G 1 1/4 - A Rp 1 1/4 Rp 3/4 22 Rp 1/2 32 46 93 52 19 42 116 137 67 32 16 24 39 4,2
R-RH 038 G 1 1/2 - A Rp 1 1/2 Rp 3/4 26 Rp 3/4 38 55 108 60 20 44 126 151 75 38 18 29 44,5 6,7
R-RH 050 G2-A Rp 2 Rp 1 1/4 32,2 Rp 1 48 60 120 68 23 47 131 161 93 38 21 36 50 9,1
Dimensions subject to change without notice.

50 25 25 10 40 20 20 8 35 17,5 17,5 7 35 17,5 17,5 7

2300 2300 1150 1150 2000 2000 1000 1000 1700 1700 850 850 1400 1400 700 700

SEAL MATERIAL: B OIL SEAL MATERIAL: T* STEAM SEAL MATERIAL: B

GASKET: 2 (4)
FLUID:
up to 200
JOINT
TYPE: RH GASKET: 3 (4)
FLUID:
up to 180
JOINT
TYPE: RH GASKET: 2 (4)

Rotary Joints type R009/050 - Head loss - 2 Passages Fluid: Water

100,00

10,00

R 009
R 012
Head Loss [bar]

R 019
1,00 R 025
R 038
R 050
R 050

0,10

0,01
101

121

141

161

181

201

221

241

261

281

301

321

341

361

381
21

41

61

81
1

Flow Rate [l/min]

 Stationary
L ring
Rotary ring Body Springs
L1 secondary
Support seal Rotary
ring

Stationary ring
secondary seal
n6
holes d1 Elbow
Flange

Rotor
G
M

C
T

L10
R125 - R150
d2 AVAILABLE ONLY
L12

R125 - R150
d WITH FLANGED
AVAILABLE ONLY B CONNECTIONS
WITH FLANGED
L2
CONNECTIONS FLANGED
L11 CONNECTIONS
FLANGED SHOWN AT
CONNECTIONS L3 PAGE 10-11
SHOWN AT
PAGE 10-11

MODEL A B C G M T L L1 L2 L3 L10 L11 L12 d d1 d2 MASS

(ISO 228) (ISO 7) (ISO 7) f8 (ISO 7) Kg

R-RH 064 G 2 1/2 - A Rp 2 1/2 Rp 2 1/2 60 172 95 240 32 70 305 70 115 35 10 10 Rp1/8 22
R-RH 076 G3-A Rp 3 Rp 3 72 200 112 285 42 90 355 80 145 35 10 10 Rp1/8 30
R-RH 089 G 3 1/2 - A Rp 4 Rp 4 81 230 124 310 45 90 395 95 150 55 16 10 Rp1/8 42
R-RH 102 G4-A Rp 4 Rp 4 95 260 144 340 50 115 425 95 175 55 16 10 Rp1/8 52
R-RH 125 - - - 118 305 - - - 142 570 - 210 55 16 - Rp1/4 92
R-RH 150 - - - 145 360 - - - 150 650 - 230 55 16 - Rp1/4 125
Dimensions subject to change without notice.

MAX PRESSURE bar 25 12,5 12,5 10 25 12,5 12,5 5 20 12,5 12

MAX SPEED rpm 750 750 375 375 750 750 750 375 700 700 70

SEAL MATERIAL: B WATER SEAL MATERIAL: A* WATER

FLUID: AIR JOINT
TYPE: R GASKET: 3
FLUID:
up to 90
JOINT
TYPE: R GASKET: 3
FLUID:
up to 180
JOINT
TYPE: RH
* For abrasive liquids use SEAL MATERIAL: C (see page 15)
See temperature limits on page 15

Rotary Joints type R064/150 - Head loss - 1 Passage Fluid: Water

10,00

1,00
R 064
R 076
Head loss [bar]

R 089
R 102
R 125
R 150
0,10

0,01
1500

1650

1800

1950

2100

2250

2400

2550

2700

2850

3000

3150

3300

3450

3600

3750

3900

4050

4200

4350

4500

4650

4800

4950

Flow Rate [l/min]

 L6 L7
Support Body
Rotary ring Stationary
L1 Rotary
ring L8
Rotor secondary ring
seal
Stationary ring
secondary seal
Springs
n6
holes d1 Support
siphon

FIXED SYPHON
Elbow
M

G
A
T

E
F

L9
L10
D

ROTATING SYPHON
B
d d2
L12

R125 - R150 L2
AVAILABLE ONLY
WITH FLANGED
CONNECTIONS
FLANGED
L11
CONNECTIONS
SHOWN AT L3 L5
PAGE 10-11

MODEL A B D G M T L1 L2 L3 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 d d1 d2 E F MASS

(ISO 228) (ISO 7) (ISO 7) f8 (ISO 7) e8 (ISO 7) Kg
R-RH 064 G 2 1/2-A Rp 1 1/2 Rp 1 1/2 60 172 95 32 70 245 135 270 40 22 50 65 115 35 10 10 Rp1/8 45 Rp 1 1/2 28
R-RH 076 G 3-A Rp 2 Rp 2 72 200 112 42 90 290 165 320 50 25 60 75 145 35 10 10 Rp1/8 60 Rp 2 32,5
R-RH 089 G 3 1/2-A Rp 2 Rp 2 81 230 4
124 45 90 310 165 340 50 25 60 85 150 55 16 10 Rp1/8 60 Rp 2 50
R-RH 102 G 4-A Rp 2 1/2 Rp 2 1/2 95 260 4
144 50 115 352 188 390 55 30 70 95 175 55 16 10 Rp1/8 75 Rp 2 1/2 70
R-RH 125 - Rp 3 Rp 3 118 305 - - 142 408 222 455 60 35 80 105 210 55 16 - Rp1/4 88 Rp 3 98
R-RH 150 - Rp 4 Rp 4 145 360 - - 150 447 253 505 60 40 95 130 230 55 16 - Rp1/4 110 Rp 4 145
Dimensions subject to change without notice.

5 5 20 10 10 4 20 10 10 4 15 7,5 7,5 3
0 350 600 600 600 300 500 500 500 250 400 400 500 200

SEAL MATERIAL: B OIL SEAL MATERIAL: T* STEAM SEAL MATERIAL: B

GASKET: 2 (4)
FLUID:
up to 200
JOINT
TYPE: RH GASKET: 3 (4)
FLUID:
up to 180
JOINT
TYPE: RH GASKET: 2 (4)

Rotary Joints type R064/150 - Head loss - 2 Passages Fluid: Water

10,00

1,00
R 064
R 076
Head loss [bar]

R 089
R 102
R 125
R 150
0,10

0,01
1000

1075

1150

1225

1300

1375

1450

1525

1600

1675

1750

1825

1900

1975

2050

2125

2200

2275

2350

2425

2500
400

475

550

625

700

775

850

925

Flow Rate [l/min]

 L10
DN JOINT R/RH 064-150
SINGLE PASSAGE
L3 FOR ROTOR CONNECTION
SEE PAGES 8-11

MODEL DN L3 L10 MASS

Kg

R-RH 064 DN 65-PN40 305 140 25

R-RH 076 DN 80-PN40 355 155 34
R-RH 089 DN100-PN40 395 180 45
R-RH 102 DN100-PN40 425 180 58
R-RH 125 DN125-PN16 570 245 92
R-RH 150 DN150-PN16 650 285 125
Dimensions subject to change without notice.
L10

DN DN JOINT R/RH 064-150

L3 L5 DOUBLE PASSAGE
FOR ROTOR
CONNECTION SEE
PAGES 9-11

MODEL DN L3 L5 L10 MASS

Kg
R-RH 064 DN 40-PN40 245 165 125 36
R-RH 076 DN 50-PN40 290 205 140 45
R-RH 089 DN 50-PN40 310 205 150 60
R-RH 102 DN 65-PN40 352 250 170 82
R-RH 125 DN 80-PN40 408 282 180 110
R-RH 150 DN100-PN40 447 338 215 150
Dimensions subject to change without notice.
 Fixed Flanges type F for rotor
MODEL G Housing K F D W B Nr holes d L2 Screws
G7
R-RH 019 16 30 8 75 55 12 4 9 50 M8
R-RH 025 25 35 8 80 60 12 4 9 50 M8
45 75 12

(HOUSING) K
R-RH 031 32 8 100 4 11 55 M10

W
R-RH 038 38 50 10 105 80 15 4 11 M10

G
60

D
R-RH 050 48 65 10 130 100 15 4 14 70 M12
R-RH 064 60 85 12 180 145 25 4 18 70 M16
R-RH 076 72 105 15 210 175 30 6 18 90 M16
R-RH 089 81 105 15 210 175 30 6 18 90 M16
R-RH 102 95 114 20 230 195 30 8 18 115 M16

d
R-RH 125 118 150 20 250 210 35 8 18 142 M16
R-RH 150 145 180 20 305 260 40 8 22 150 M20
Dimensions subject to change without notice. F B
L2

L2

Flanges type K with conical rings

in two halves for rotor
MODEL G Housing M N O D W B Nr d L2 Screws
K H8-h8 Holes
R-RH 019 16 30 28 32 8 75 55 12 4 9 50 M8
R-RH 025 25 35 33 37 8 80 60 12 4 9 50 M8
R-RH 031 32 45 43 48 8 100 75 12 4 11 55 M10
(HOUSING) K

R-RH 038 38 50 48 53 10 105 80 15 4 11 60 M10

W

M
D

R-RH 050 48 65 63 69 10 130 100 15 4 14 70 M12

R-RH 064 60 85 82 89 10 150 120 15 4 14 70 M12
R-RH 076 72 105 102 109 12 180 145 18 4 18 90 M16
R-RH 089 81 105 102 109 12 180 145 18 4 18 90 M16
R-RH 102 95 114 110 120 30 220 185 30 6 18 115 M16
15

R-RH 125 118 150 145 155 35 260 225 35 8 18 142 M16
d

R-RH 150 145 180 175 185 40 300 260 40 8 18 150 M16
Dimensions subject to change without notice.
O B
1

Flanges UNI 2282/2284

for housing connections
MODEL D W d1 B Nr holes d Screws
d
DN40-PN40 150 110 88 18 4 18 M16
DN50-PN40 165 125 102 20 4 18 M16
DN65-PN40 185 145 122 22 8 18 M16
B

DN80-PN40 200 160 138 24 8 18 M16

DN100-PN40 235 190 162 24 8 22 M20 DN
DN125-PN16 250 210 188 22 8 18 M16 d1
DN150-PN16 285 240 212 22 8 22 M20 D

Dimensions subject to change without notice.

 Special design roller bearings
Type RHB suitable for high temperature.
Cooling and pressurisation circuit Easy installation on rotary joint
(Hydraulic pack LHF)

Seal on atmosphere side Double balancing seal

on process side

Thermal insulation to
reduce energy losses

Cooling fluid creates a barrier

against the process temperature

Flanged connections according Rotary joint housing in

to DIN, ANSI or other standards special stainless steel

Joint Type RB/RHB: Speed vs. Nominal Diameter Diagram

J oints type RB/RHB are designed to work at

the contemporaneous presence of temperatures
3000

2500
of 400C and high rotation speeds. Such
performances can be reached by using two special
seals, with double balancing and with the 2000
interposition of a pressurised fluid for the cooling
SPEED ROTATION [rpm]

of the primary seal.

This fluid is circulated by a pumping and cooling 1500
group that continuously verifies the systems
effectiveness, and signals through visual and
1000
sound alarms, possible variations from the set
values.
The above results are reached by using ball 500
bearings with closed loop oil cooling. Oil sealing
is obtained by two double balanced seals that
guarantee the effectiveness of the system even 0
in case of an electrical failure. 20 30 50 20 80 95 110 125 140 155 170 185 200
Double mechanical seals with pressurised barrier NOMINAL DIAMETER [mm]
fluid avoid any leakage of the process fluid to the
atmosphere; in a worst case event, the barrier
fluid will leak into the process.
Such double mechanical seal systems have been
manufactured and installed in chemical,
petrochemical and pharmaceutical applications
by Fluiten since 1972.
 Pressure
switch/
Circuit temperature indicator transducer Circuit pressure gauge
Circulation pump driven
by electric motor
Relief valve
Oil level Oil level indicator
switch Reservoir

Heat Temperature
exchanger alarm Flow switch

Oil supply to rotary joint

Oil return from Cooling water inlet Cooling water outlet

rotary joint

Drain
ROTARY J O IN T I N S TA L L AT I ON A N D SPARE PARTS REP LACEMEN T
The application of JOHNSON-FLUITEN rotary joints is simple and reliable when carried out according to the herebelow
described procedures.

CONNECTION
7. In case of abrasive products the use of seal faces in
1. Use only flexible hoses for stationary part connection to hard materials (Silicon carbide vs. Tungsten carbide
avoid overloading of the roller bearings support. Arrangement C) is recommended. Dry-running is not allowed
with this seal faces material combination.
2. Put the RJ housing in a clamp to tighten the fittings.
8. For safety reasons it is recommended to shield the
3. Use flexible hoses of adequate length in order to have Rotary Joint with suitable barriers to avoid that people
good flexibility. could be harmed by accidental dangerous emissions.

4. Very long rotating syphon pipes can overload the rotary

joint bushing.

5. Rotating syphons should have a good concentricity with

the joint rotational axis.For speeds higher than 1000 rpm
an additional bushing, made in PTFE or similar antifriction
material, should be provided in the machinery.

6. Clean carefully the machinery lines connected with the

rotary joint.

NO YES NO YES

FRICTION TORQUE NOTE

JOHNSON-FLUITEN Rotary joints have reduced friction Avoid using the rotary joints in conditions in which pressure,
torque (see also diagram on page 5); in any case suitable speed and temperature are simultaneously near to the
antirotation devices must be implemented to avoid rotation max. allowed values.
of the stationary part. For high duty operating conditions a correct selection of
For sizes up to R050 flexible hoses generally give a seal materials is recommended. In doubt, please contact
sufficient reaction. JOHNSON-FLUITEN.
For larger sizes the use of the antirotation pin (see pages Seal faces are lapped with a planarity of two optical fringes
8 & 9) is recommended. (monocromatic light method).
QRD system (see page 5) gives the possibility to check
SPARE PARTS seal element conditions facilitating the maintenance schedule.
For all sizes a spare parts kit is available. Rotary joints up to R050 size have pre-lubricated roller
Each kit consists of: bearings which do not require relubrication.
Rotary joints RH version, recommended for temperatures
Stationary and rotary rings higher than 100C, have roller bearing of special design
Secondary seals (O-Rings) for high temperatures and require periodic relubrication
Springs (grease with drip point at 250C or higher, SILEX PLS.2
NOTE: For sizes R009 & R012 the entire rotor must be or equivalent).
replaced For this operation a lubricator is provided on joint support.
For sizes larger than R050 a lubricator is always provided.
 HIGH TEMPERATURE CONFIGURATIONS:
H T max 180 C
B T max 250 C
HB T max 400 C
009 150 ROTARY JOINT NOMINAL DIAMETER
DRAWING NUMBER FOR SPECIAL DESIGN
MATERIALS SEAL FACES:
A CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STAINLESS STEEL VS. ANTIMONY GRAPHITE
B 1 SILICON CARBIDE VS. ANTIMONY GRAPHITE
C 1 SILICON CARBIDE VS. TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
E INTEGRAL ANTIMONY GRAPHITE VS. CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STAINLESS STEEL
T 2 SILICON CARBIDE VS. BRONZE
MATERIALS SECONDARY SEALS:
1 NBR (Temp. 54C 121C)
2 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE (*) (Temp. 54C 149C)
3 FLUOROELASTOMER (Temp. 29C 204C)
4 AFLAS (Temp. 20C 230C)
5 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE(*)/FLUIGAM (Temp. 54C 149C)/(Temp. 180C 250C)
PASSAGES:
M SINGLE PASSAGE
F TWO PASSAGES FIXED SYPHON
L TWO PASSAGES ROTATING SYPHON
MATERIALS HOUSING / SUPPORT:
1 BRASS/ALUMINIUM
2 3 STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304/ ALUMINIUM
3 3 STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304/ STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304
CONNECTIONS: Rotor Housing
R G (ISO 228) RH() G (ISO 7) RH()
L G (ISO 228) LH() G (ISO 7) RH()
N NPT RH() NPT RH()
P NPT LH() NPT RH()
Q 4 K G (ISO 7) RH()
S 4 K 6 F
U 5 F G (ISO 7) RH()
V G (ISO 228) RH() 6 F
W G (ISO 228) LH() 6 F
Z 5 F 6 F
1 For R009 & R012 Silicon Carbide in place of Tungsten Carbide ROTARY JOINT ORDERING CODE EXAMPLE:
2 For R009 & R012 Hardened Stainless Steel in place of Silicon Carbide Rotary Joint: Materials-Seal faces: Passages: Materials-Housing:
025 Cr-Mo St.St. Vs Single passage Brass/Aluminium
3 Stainless Steel Elbow included for Two Passages Antimony Graphite
4 Flanges type K with conical rings in two halves (see page 11)
5 Fixed flanges type F (see page 11) H 025 A 1 M 1 R
6 Flanges for housing connections (see page 11)
Temperature: Materials-Secondary seals: Connections:
180C NBR Rotor G (ISO 228) RH
() RH = Right handed threading LH = Left handed threading
(*) Warning ! Use only siliconic grease to lubricate these gaskets.
Spare part ordering code: add letter K before Rotary Joint ordering code
C028 - Rev. 03/04