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    Note9 PDF

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    Simon Siu
    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instrumental methods in analytical chemistry, specifically focusing on mass spectrometry analyzers. The lecture discusses several types of mass analyzers: quadrupole mass filters which act as a band-pass filter for ion mass; time-of-flight analyzers which detect ion mass based on flight time; double-focusing systems which improve on single magnetic sector analyzers; quadrupole ion traps which store then eject ions for detection; and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques which detect ion cyclotron frequency to determine mass. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate the principles of several of these important mass analyzer techniques.

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    Note9 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Simon Siu
    39 views13 pages
    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instrumental methods in analytical chemistry, specifically focusing on mass spectrometry analyzers. The lecture discusses several types of mass analyzers: quadrupole mass filters which act as a band-pass filter for ion mass; time-of-flight analyzers which detect ion mass based on flight time; double-focusing systems which improve on single magnetic sector analyzers; quadrupole ion traps which store then eject ions for detection; and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques which detect ion cyclotron frequency to determine mass. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate the principles of several of these important mass analyzer techniques.

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    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instrumental methods in analytical chemistry, specifically focusing on mass spectrometry analyzers. The lecture discusses several types of mass analyzers: quadrupole mass filters which act as a band-pass filter for ion mass; time-of-flight analyzers which detect ion mass based on flight time; double-focusing systems which improve on single magnetic sector analyzers; quadrupole ion traps which store then eject ions for detection; and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques which detect ion cyclotron frequency to determine mass. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate the principles of several of these important mass analyzer techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views13 pages

    Note9 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Simon Siu
    This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instrumental methods in analytical chemistry, specifically focusing on mass spectrometry analyzers. The lecture discusses several types of mass analyzers: quadrupole mass filters which act as a band-pass filter for ion mass; time-of-flight analyzers which detect ion mass based on flight time; double-focusing systems which improve on single magnetic sector analyzers; quadrupole ion traps which store then eject ions for detection; and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques which detect ion cyclotron frequency to determine mass. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate the principles of several of these important mass analyzer techniques.

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    of 13

    Spring 2017 CHEMISTRY 105

    Instrumental Methods in Analytical Chemistry


    Lecture: MW 9 AM 10 AM 219 Dwinelle
    Labs: MTuWTh 1 5 PM 305 Latimer

    Lecture 9. Mass Spectrometry -Analyzers

    Prof. Ke Xu

    1
    Questions
    Q1: Why are atomic MS data cleaner and easier to interpret than AES?
    Each metals only have a few lines of isotopes

    Q2: What gives rise to the 35.5 relative atomic mass of Cl?

    Natural abundance: ~ of 35Cl + ~ of 37Cl

    Q3: What are the major components of MS?

    Vacuum

    Q4: What mass analyzer is most often used for atomic MS?

    Quadrupole: band-pass filter for mass

    2
    Quadrupole: band-pass filter

    Heavier ions are less affected by the ac potential and respond to the dc potential of the rods.
    X-Z: A high-pass mass filter.
    Y-Z: A low-pass mass filter.
    Mass range up to 3,000
    Resolves single atomic mass unit 3
    Time-of-flight (TOF)

    10-7 sec typical

    Detect m/z by the time of flight: heavier ions fly slower!


    No scanning needed: fast
    High transmission: most of the injected ions are detected
    Unlimited mass range (useful for very large molecules)
    Need to generate ions in a pulse (e.g., laser): distribution of start time
    Lower resolution (~300): distribution of velocity.
    4
    Reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer

    Corrects for chromatic aberration: The more energetic ions penetrate deeper
    into the reflectron, and take a slightly longer path to the detector
    Also doubles the flight path for the same length of vacuum!
    Resolution ~1,500
    5
    Electromagnet analyzer (magnetic sector): old school

    Force
    due to B

    Centripetal
    force

    KE due to acceleration
    voltage

    Mass-to-
    charge ratio

    Ions with different m/z bend differently in field!


    Heavier ions bend less (larger r)
    6
    Electromagnet analyzer as a mass analyzer for MS 7

    Multichannel detection Scanning

    Multichannel detection vs. scanning of V and/or B


    Medium mass range: up to ~10,000
    Massive and expensive
    Resolution <~2,000 with one magnetic sector: energy distribution and
    directional distribution due to ion source
    Double-focusing system

    Narrows down the energy distribution and directional


    distribution due to ion source!
    ESA: band-pass for kinetic energy. Electric field: fast
    ions hit upper electrode; slow ions hit lower electrode.
    Magnetic analyzer: analyzes m/z for very narrow
    energy distribution.
    Achieves resolution of 2,500+ 8
    Quadrupole ion trap

    Trap + release

    Ions of different m/z are first all stored inside the trap.
    By raising the RF potential, the trajectories of ions of successive m/z values are made
    unstable and ejected out of the trap and detected. Scan to obtain spectrum!
    9
    Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)

    Angular velocity

    Detect m/z from cyclotron frequency! Heavier lower frequency


    10
    FTICR: demo

    https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/learn-the-basics/stories/what-s-in-an-oil-drop

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EHngA4S3Ws
    11
    12
    FTICR for MS

    High resolving power (105+)


    Very high accuracy
    Very high masses (record: unit mass
    resolution at 112 kDa)
    Attomole detection limits
    Massive and expensive
    FTICR

    Massive and expensive


    High magnetic field
    from superconductive
    coils

    11.5 Tesla FTICR 13

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