Cement Replacement by Fly Ash in Concrete: R. D. Padhye, N. S. Deo

International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.5, Issue Special 1 pp : 60-62 8 & 9 Jan 2016
Cement Replacement by Fly Ash in Concrete

R. D. Padhye1, N. S. Deo2
1
Applied Mechanics Department, Walchand College of Engineering (Poly Wing), Sangli
2
Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Pune
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract: The potential for using fly ash as a supplementary Hence, there borne a need to carry out an extensive research
cementitious material in concrete has been known almost on compressive strength of different grades of concrete,
since the start of the last century. Historically, fly ash has different proportions of fly ash and different curing periods.
been used in concrete at levels ranging from 15% to 25% by Hence, a comparative study can be done and use of fly ash as
mass of the cementitious material component. The actual a cement replacement in concrete can be analyzed and
amount used varies widely depending on the application, the compared through various methods.
properties of the fly ash, specification limits, and the
geographic location and climate. There has been lot of II. Methodology
research took place over using fly ash as additive in cement, Following materials were used in the experimental work:
admixture in concrete and cement replacement material in Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (Ultra-Tech Cements of
concrete. But most of the research has been limited to few 53 grades) was used having specific gravity: 3.15, 32.5%
percentages of cement replacement for concrete of fewer Consistency and Compressive strength 54 MPa
grades. An experimentation program is carried out to see the Fly ash: Fly ash is finely divided residue resulting from the
effect of fly-ash on compressive strength of different high combustion of pulverized coal and transported by the flue
grades concrete for different proportions of fly ash and gases of boilers by pulverized coal. It was obtained from
different curing periods. Different grades of concrete mixes thermal power station, dried and used.
with varying percentage of fly ash content were prepared and Fine Aggregate: Natural sand with maximum size of 4.75
the effects of fly ash on mechanical properties of fresh and mm was used (zone II) with specific gravity 2.6 and fineness
hardened concrete have been investigated. The compressive modulus 2.63.
strength of concrete was measured for 7, 28 and 45 days and Coarse Aggregate: Natural aggregates with maximum size
compaction factor is taken as a measure of workability. A of 40 mm were used with specific gravity of 2.7 and fine
different comparative study is done consisting of rate and modulus 7.51.
strength as parameters.Compressive strength of concrete at Water: Drinking water from Walchand College of
different proportions of cement being replaced by fly ash has Engineering, Sangli was used for the preparation of concrete.
been checked and results have been found effective and The water samples are potable and of uniform quality.
applicable. Hence, a comparative study is done and use of fly The concrete mix was designed for M30, M40 and M50
ash as a cement replacement in concrete can be analyzed and grade and the mix design was done as per IS 10262-1982 and
compared. The paper aims to study the effects of Fly ash as IS 456-2000. Mix design for concrete was made considering
partial replacement of cement in concrete and ascertain the the properties of constituents of concrete. Different concrete
optimum proportion of fly ash for different grades of concrete mixes with varying fly ash content percentage were produced,
which is acceptable, applicable and economical. This paper replacing 0% (reference concrete), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%,
studies the variation in compressive strength of different 50% and 60% cement in terms of weight. Cubic specimens of
grades of concrete at different percentages of fly ash and at 150 mm size were casted for compressive strength test. The
different curing periods. cubes were casted in stainless steel moulds and wet cured at
standard temperature until the time of test. The cubes were
Keywords: Fly-ash, Additive, Admixture, Compaction factor cured for a time period of 7, 28 and 45 days.
I. Introduction III. Results and Tables

There has been a lot of research over using fly ash as additive Figures 1 to 7 explain the variation in compressive strength of
in cement, admixture in concrete and cement replacement different mixes with respect to curing time for a particular
material in concrete. Compressive strength of concrete at percentage of fly ash. They show the behaviour of strength of
different proportions of cement being replaced by fly ash has concrete with time. Thus, it is observed that, increase in
been checked and results have been found effective and compressive strength with time is not same for all mixes.
applicable. But most of the research has been limited to few Some mixes have low early strength but achieve high strength
percentages of cement replacement or less grades of concrete.
NCICE@2016 doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5i1/014 Page 60
later with time while some mixes have high early strength but
achieve low strength at the end.
Table 1: Variation in Compressive Strength of Different

Concrete Mixes for 7, 28 and 45 Days Curing and Different
Percentages of Fly Ash.
Figure 3: 20 % Fly Ash Replaced

C om pres s iv e s tren gth in N /m m 2
Number of days

Strength Vs Rate graph
4000 28 day strength
R a te o f c o n c re te p e r m e tre
3500 and rate
3000 comparison
in R u p e e s
2500 7 day strength and
2000 rates
1500
1000
45 day strength
500
and rates
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
compressive strength of concrete
Figure 8: Compressive Strength Vs Rate of Concrete.

IV. Conclusion
Figure 8 explains the variation in rate of concrete of all mixes 1. The compressive strength of concrete mixes decrease with
arranged in increasing order of compressive strength increase in fly ash. The fly ash can be replaced up to
irrespective of fly ash proportion and types of mixes. Figure 8 maximum of 40% and replacements above 40% may not be
is a very significant graph as rate of concrete is plotted against safe for different concrete mixes.
strength of concrete of all mixes and proportions. Figure 8 2. In general, with the increase of fly ash there is steep
would be very useful for engineers and designers in choosing increase in strength from 7 to 28 days indicating that early
concrete mix out of the different fly ash proportions and strength of concrete is reduced with increase in fly ash. Also
different grades in order to have a most economic mix of the variation in early strength is more than the variation in
particular strength. later strength. Thus, fly ash has an adverse effect on early
For e.g. If concrete of 28 day compressive strength of around strength of concrete.
30 to 35 N/mm2 is to used, then the mix of strength 35.15 3. Some mixes of higher strength can be economical than mix
N/mm2 (M50, 60% fly ash) gives more strength and economy of lower strength which depends upon the percentage of fly
than mix of strength 32.44 N/mm2 (M30, 40% fly ash). ash and time of curing. Therefore, it is observed that the M50
Otherwise, M50 would have been selected considering that with 60% fly ash gives more 28 day strength and is
M30 is economical than M50. However, since percentage of fly economical than M30 with 40% fly ash.
ash and curing time comes into play, the compressive strength References
shows different behaviour. Hence, the graph shown in Figure 8 i. Renganswamy A. (April 1999). Fly Ash Production in India, CE & CR
journal.
is very significant to choose an economic concrete mix of ii. Prabhakar J. (April 1999). Use of Fly Ash in Development of New
particular strength Building Material, CE & CR journal,
iii. Vimal Kumar, (June 2003). Fly Ash in Construction CE & CR journal..

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International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890(online),2347-5013(print)

Volume No.5, Issue Special 1 pp : 60-62 8 & 9 Jan 2016

Cement Replacement by Fly Ash in Concrete

I. Introduction III. Results and Tables

Table 1: Variation in Compressive Strength of Different

Figure 3: 20 % Fly Ash Replaced

Figure 4: 30 % Fly Ash Replaced

Figure 1: 0 % Fly Ash Replaced

Figure 5: 40 % Fly Ash Replaced

Figure 2: 10 % Fly Ash Replaced

Figure 6: 50 % Fly Ash Replaced

NCICE@2016 doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5i1/014 Page 61

Strength Vs Rate graph

4000 28 day strength

Figure 8: Compressive Strength Vs Rate of Concrete.

NCICE@2016 doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5i1/014 Page 62

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