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LabVIEW Based EIS DataInterpreter 02

This document describes a LabVIEW-based software tool called LEBISDI that was developed to analyze electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic data and extract equivalent circuit parameters from biological tissues. The software interprets Nyquist plots of impedance data collected from tissues using impedance analyzers. It was tested using both simulated data and experimental impedance measurements of electronic circuits and biological materials like fruits and vegetables. LEBISDI allows accurate assessment of tissue properties from impedance versus frequency plots.

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Tushar Kanti Bera
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© © All Rights Reserved
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55 views

LabVIEW Based EIS DataInterpreter 02

This document describes a LabVIEW-based software tool called LEBISDI that was developed to analyze electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic data and extract equivalent circuit parameters from biological tissues. The software interprets Nyquist plots of impedance data collected from tissues using impedance analyzers. It was tested using both simulated data and experimental impedance measurements of electronic circuits and biological materials like fruits and vegetables. LEBISDI allows accurate assessment of tissue properties from impedance versus frequency plots.

Uploaded by

Tushar Kanti Bera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bera et al.: A LabVIEW-based electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic data interpreter.

J Electr Bioimp, 7, 35-54, 2016

versus frequency (f) plots and permittivity () versus electrical impedance parameters of the compositions,
frequency (f) plots, are popular tools for visualizing structures and conditions of the tissues.
different aspects of bioelectrical impedance. In particular, Materials and methods
Nyquist plots distinguish real from imaginary parts of
bioimpedance and serve as a guide to define equivalent 2.1. Bioelectrical Impedance (Zb) and Electrical
electrical circuit parameters. Because equivalent electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
circuit models or equivalent circuit models (ECM) [6, 13]
are very useful for understanding the anatomical, Biological tissues comprise cells and an extracellular
physiological and compositional aspects of biological matrix. Both have their own electrical behavior and
tissues, an accurate analysis of data plots is required for collectively produce a complex, frequency-dependent
effective assessment of a tissues properties. bioelectrical impedance, Zb(f) [39]. The impedance Zb(f)
and its frequency-dependent phase angle, b(f) are given by:
Impedance analyzers are used either to measure the
electrical impedance of materials at a single frequency or to Z b (f ) = R b (f ) jX b (f ) (1)
study impedance variation over a wide range of
frequencies. Impedance analyzers are typically developed X
with selected current frequency limits and other fixed b (f ) = tan1 b (2)
specifications. Occasionally, changes to measurement Rb
parameters are required for a specific application, making
the individual development of impedance measurement where Rb(f) and Xb(f) are the real and imaginary parts of Zb
systems [42-50] advantageous and essential. Impedance respectively and j is the complex number (-1). Both Rb(f)
analyzers or the impedance measurement hardware and Xb(f) depend on the signal frequency and tissue
developed as low-cost [42, 46] and application-specific composition such that
instrumentation measure the impedance data, but it requires
some complementary dedicated software to process and R b (f ) = Z(f ) cos( b (f )) (3)
analyze the impedance response of materials. More
specifically, this software is required to calculate X b (f ) = Z(f ) sin ( b (f )) (4)
.
impedance parameters and extract tissue information by
identifying the equivalent electrical circuit of the material EIS measures Zb and its phase angle (b) of a test subject by
being tested. Modern electronics technology offers a injecting a constant amplitude, alternating current (AC)
number of fast, portable, robust, user-friendly platforms for signal (I(f)) at different frequency points, fi (fi: f1, f2, f3,
analog or digital data acquisition and signal processing that fn), and by measuring the boundary potentials (V(fi))
can be suitably utilized for developing a standalone through using a linear array of the surface electrodes
impedance measurement workbench. When a standalone attached to the subject (Figure 1) though other configu-
impedance measurement workbench is developed to collect rations could also be used such as placing the electrodes
the impedance data, it is found essentially required to be like the corners of a rectangle [52].
complemented by any software program or virtual
instrumentation such as LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual The impedance of a material is generally measured
Instrument Engineering Workbench) [51] for impedance either by the two-electrode method [8, 20] or four-electrode
data analyzing. method [8, 20, 50]. In the two-electrode method, as the
name indicates, two surface electrodes are used for current
Here, we developed a LabVIEW-based electrical injection and voltage measurement. As shown in Figure 1a,
bioimpedance spectroscopic data interpreter (LEBISDI) for in the two-electrode method the current injection and
tissue impedance analysis in medical, biomedical and voltage measurement are conducted through the same
biological applications by extracting the equivalent circuit electrode pair [8, 20]. Thus, the measurement data contains
parameters of biological tissues using their Nyquist plots. the effect of contact impedance (Zc). To avoid the contact
We tested and calibrated the LEBISDI software with both impedance problem, the impedance measurement is
the computer-simulated impedance data and experimental conducted with the four-electrode method as shown in
impedance data collected from a number of electronic Figure 1b and Figure 1c. Thus, the four-probe method
circuit combinations developed by high-precision resistors, (Figure 1b) of the impedance measurement process is
capacitors and inductors using a standard impedance usually preferred to make the measurement insensitive to
analyzer using low amplitude, sinusoidal current signal. We the impedance of the electrodes and wiring systems. In the
then used LEBISDI to interpret impedance data collected four-probe method, a frequency-dependent constant
from fruits and vegetables under different physiological amplitude sinusoidal current (I(f)) is injected through the
conditions. We conducted EIS studies on these tissues using outermost two electrodes, called the current or driving
a standard impedance analyzer. We used LEBISDI to electrodes (red electrodes in Figure 1b and 1c), and the
analyze their Nyquist plots to calculate and correlate the frequency-dependent AC voltage (V(f)) is measured [13]

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