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Chapter 10

1) Torque is a measure of the ability to cause rotation and is equal to the cross product of the lever arm and force vectors. 2) Rotational dynamics follows Newton's second law where net torque equals the product of the body's moment of inertia and angular acceleration. 3) The motion of a rigid body can be described as translational motion of its center of mass plus rotational motion about its center of mass. Kinetic energy is the sum of translational and rotational kinetic energies.

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Paul Lee
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56 views1 page

Chapter 10

1) Torque is a measure of the ability to cause rotation and is equal to the cross product of the lever arm and force vectors. 2) Rotational dynamics follows Newton's second law where net torque equals the product of the body's moment of inertia and angular acceleration. 3) The motion of a rigid body can be described as translational motion of its center of mass plus rotational motion about its center of mass. Kinetic energy is the sum of translational and rotational kinetic energies.

Uploaded by

Paul Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY

S
Torque: When a force F acts on a body, the torque of t = Fl (10.2) Frad 5 F cos f
that force with respect to a point O has a magnitude S S S l 5 r sin f
T r : F (10.3) S
f f 5 lever arm
given by the product of the force magnitude F and the F
S
lever arm l. More generally, torque is a vector T equal to S
r
S
the vector product of r (the position
S
vector of the point Ftan 5 F sin f O
at which the force acts) and F . (See Example 10.1.) S S S
t5r3F

y
a tz = Iaz
Rotational dynamics: The rotational analog of (10.7) F F n
Newtons second law says that the net torque acting
R R
on a body equals the product of the bodys moment of x
inertia and its angular acceleration. (See Examples 10.2 M
and 10.3.) Mg

Combined translation and rotation: If a rigid body is K = 12 Mvcm2 + 12 Icm v2 (10.8)


both moving through space and rotating, its motion can
S S R
a Fext M a cm
be regarded as translational motion of the center of mass (10.12)
plus rotational motion about an axis through the center vcm 5 0
M v50
a tz = Icm az (10.13) 1
of mass. Thus the kinetic energy is a sum of translational
and rotational kinetic energies. For dynamics, Newtons vcm = Rv (10.11) h v
second law describes the motion of the center of mass, (rolling without slipping)
and the rotational equivalent of Newtons second law 2
describes rotation about the center of mass. In the case of vcm
rolling without slipping, there is a special relationship
between the motion of the center of mass and the rota-
tional motion. (See Examples 10.410.7.)

Work done by a torque: A torque that acts on a rigid u2


body as it rotates does work on that body. The work can W = tz du (10.20)
be expressed as an integral of the torque. The work Lu1 S
Ftan
energy theorem says that the total rotational work done W = tz1u2 - u12 = tz u (10.21) ds
on a rigid body is equal to the change in rotational (constant torque only) du
R
S R
kinetic energy. The power, or rate at which the torque Ftan
does work, is the product of the torque and the angular Wtot = 12 Iv22 - 12 Iv12 (10.22)
O
velocity (See Example 10.8.)
P = tz vz (10.23)

S S S S S S
Angular momentum: The angular momentum of a par- L r : p r : mv (10.24) L
ticle with respect to point O is the vector product of the (particle)
S S
particles position vector r relative to O and its momen- S S
v
S S
tum p mv. When a symmetrical body rotates about a L IV (10.28)
stationary axis of symmetry, its angular momentum is (rigid body rotating
the product of its moment of inertia and its angular about axis of symmetry)
S
velocity vector V . If the body is not symmetrical or the
rotation 1z2 axis is not an axis of symmetry, the compo-
nent of angular momentum along the rotation axis is
Ivz . (See Example 10.9.)

S
Rotational dynamics and angular momentum: The net dL
S
external torque on a system is equal to the rate of aT dt
(10.29)
change of its angular momentum. If the net external
torque on a system is zero, the total angular momentum
of the system is constant (conserved). (See Examples
10.1010.13.)

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