e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470

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International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research

Development
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY--FEBRUARY-2017.

Assessment of sedimentation in Ajwa reservoir in the Vadodara Gujarat region

using remotely sensed data.

Bhavik S. Patni1, Hemangini R. Patel2, Pranav D. Bhangaonkar 3

Civil Engineering Department,Vadodara Institute of Engineering.

Abstract The sedimentation process is the most important problem that affect directly the performance of reservoirs
due to the reduction of the storage capacity and possible problems affecting the operation. Thus periodic assessment of
the storage capacity and determining sediment deposition patterns is an important issue for operation and management
of reservoirs. In this paper efforts are made to explore the Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) method for assessment of
reservoir sedimentation at Ajwa Reservoir. It uses the fact that the water spread area of reservoir at various elevations
keeps on decreasing due to sedimentation. Remote Sensing technique gives us directly the water- spread area of the
reservoir at a particular elevation on the date of pass of the satellite. This can help to estimate sedimentation over a
period of time.

Keywords- Reservoir sedimentation rate, storage capacity, Land Cover, Remote sensing, Satellite images.

I. INTRODUCTION

A reservoir will generally be situated towards the end of a huge watershed and receive inflows from main rivers.
On the other hand, reservoirs have a smaller residence time but a much larger watershed which can be more difficult to
control. Therefore, capacity surveys are important for proper distribution and management of water in a reservoir.
Knowledge about the important of sediment and its deposition form in various zones of a reservoir is very crucial to
assess the balance life of reservoir. In view of this, regular capacity surveys of a reservoir should be conducted from time
to time. Using the Remote Sensing techniques, it has become very efficient and convenient to quantify the sedimentation
in a reservoir and to assess its distribution and deposition pattern. Remote Sensing technology, offering data acquisition
over a long period of time and wide-ranging spectral range, can provide synoptic, repetitive and timely information
regarding the sedimentation characteristics in a reservoir. Reservoir water spread area for a particular elevation can be
obtained very accurately from the satellite data. Reduction if any, in the water spread area for a particular elevation
shows deposition of sediment at that level. This when combined over a range of elevations via multi-date satellite data
enables in computing volume of storage lost due to sedimentation. In this paper satellite imageries to measure
sedimentation in Ajwa Reservoir in Gujarat state of India. The main objective of this paper efforts are made to explore
use of assessment of present status of reservoir storage by estimating revised capacity using remote sensing approach,
Assessment of soil loss from catchment area and Development of management plan for catchment area with area specific
soil conservation measures for minimizing sedimentation in reservoir.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Assessment of reservoir sedimentation using remote sensing satellite imageries, for proper allocation and
management of water in a reservoir, knowledge about the sediment deposition pattern in various zones of a reservoir is
essential. In view of this, systematic capacity surveys of a reservoir should be conducted periodically. Using the remote
sensing techniques, it has become very efficient and convenient to quantify the sedimentation in a reservoir and to assess
its distribution and deposition pattern. Remote sensing technology, offering data acquisition over a long period of time
and broad spectral range, can provide synoptic, repetitive and timely information regarding the sedimentation
characteristics in a reservoir. Reservoir water spread area for a particular elevation can be obtained very accurately from
the satellite data. Reduction if any, in the water spread area for a particular elevation indicates deposition of sediment at
that level. This when integrated over a range of elevations using multi-date satellite data enables in computing volume of
storage lost due to sedimentation.[4]

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Evaluation of reservoir sedimentation as a methodology for sediment yield assessment in the Mediterranean:
challenges and limitations, Altogether, it can be concluded that reservoir sedimentation data are a valuable tool for
monitoring sediment dynamics at the basin scale and assess problems related the loss of storage capacity and of sediment
export to rivers downstream as well as to coastal areas. Furthermore, reservoir sedimentation data also can provide
insight in sediment dynamics within the basin, though no information is obtained on the spatial distribution of sediment
sources. For insight in the spatial pattern of erosion and sedimentation probably tracer studies in combination with
modeling are the most appropriate. Nevertheless, for modeling at the basin scale very few models exist that are capable
to incorporate both erosion and sediment delivery accurately, and these models will require data on sediment yield at
various scales for calibration and validation.[5]

III. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

Ajwa reservoir Also Known as Sayaji Sarovar, It is an earthen dam that was built early 20th century by the then
ruler of Vadodara, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. Its main aim was to provide water to the residents of Vadodara.
Although the population of Baroda at that time was 100,000 it was the rulers vision to build the reservoir 3 times larger.
This reservoir has the ability to attend to the water requirements of about 300,000 people residing in the eastern parts of
the city. Its construction was started in 1885 & completed in 1890. The dam is about 5 km long. The reservoir has 64
gates. It can store water to the height of 64.5m above the sea level (its overflow level).

A. Geology and soils

The soils of Vadodara district can be broadly classified into three groups. They are black soils, alluvial soils and hilly
soils. At Ajwa reservoir, Available Ground Water Recharge 63.84 MCM / Year, Existing Gross Ground Water Draft for
all uses 14.69 MCM / Year, Level of Ground Water Development 23.01%, Status of Magnesia 5-10ppm (Medium),
Status of pH. 6.5-8.2 (Natural), Status of Sulphur 10-20ppm(Medium).[12]

B. Meteorological conditions
Vadodara district area, in general, being located south of Tropic of Cancer and in transition zone of heavy rainfall areas
of South Gujarat and arid areas of North Gujarat plains, have sub-tropical climate with moderate humidity. The various
season of the year are (a) monsoon - middle of June to October, (b) winter - November to February, and (c) summer
March to June. From March onward the temperature starts rising till it reaches maximum, as high as 45.2 C
(22/05/2010) in some parts of the district. January is the coldest month of the year. There is an Indian Meteorological
Department (IMD) station located at Baroda (Vadodara), where observation of climatic data is recorded since 1900.
Details of this climatological data is given in table No. 1.1 and same is depicted graphically in figure No. 1.1 [13,14]

Table No. 1.1 - Climatological Data of IMD Station - Vadodara

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Figure No 1.1 - Plot of Climatological Data - Vadodara IMD Station

IV. METHODOLOGY

In the present research flow chart is shown how the water spread areas of the reservoir at different levels
between Full reservoir level FRL and MDDL in different months of the year can be computed from satellite imaginaries.
By knowing the reservoir levels (as ground truth) on date of pass of the satellite, new elevation-capacity curve can
established and compared with that at the time of impoundment of reservoir. The Shift in the capacity curve will indicate
extent of loss of reservoir capacity.

Figure No 1.2 - Flow chart of methodology

Courtesy: B.P. Ganasri, H. Ramesh*Department of Applied Mechanics & Hydraulics, National Institute of Technology
Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Table No. 1.1- Represents Data collected for the same

Sr. No. Data type Source Description

1 Digital elevation www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in DEM
model
2 Satellite image www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in LISS-3 Image

3 Soil data The National Bureau of Soil map based on the type of Soil, Status of Magnesia,
Soil Survey and Land Status of pH. in soil, Status of Sulphur
Use Planning, India
4 Rainfall data Indian Meteorological Rainfall data.
Department, India

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

To Effective estimate soil erosion and to establish soil erosion management plans, many computer models can
be part of study. The revised Universal Soil Loss equation (RUSLE) can be used in many countries, and input parameters
data for RUSLE can be well established over the years. In this study RUSLE can be used by developing new input
Parameters for the web based sediment decision support system using a GIS interface.

VI. SCOPE OF STUDY

This type of research work will be useful in Water Resources Department, Agriculture Department, Command
Area Development Authority, Forest Department and Water Users Association.

CONCLUSION

By this methodology as studied in domain area the various techniques and research, It can be conclude that a
remote sensing based framework has been proposed for forecasting quantity of sedimentation load via different water
sources by integrating satellite data. This proposed system which is still under development will help to develop the
assessment of sedimentation in Ajwa reservoir as well as for other hydraulic structures. This will be immensely useful as
the best part of our knowledge and such a classification system (Assessment of Sedimentation in Ajwa reservoir) does
not exist uptill now. The success of this proposed method will lead to development of similar model in other commands
in Gujarat and elsewhere in the India. By using this method one can find soil sedimentation as well as soil erosion from
tributaries of river which will facilitate in finding the difference in storage capacity and also remove the sedimentation
which is experienced in this method. As a result of this method the demand of water supply in the respective cities and
bypass the flood disaster will be fulfilled.

REFERENCES

[1] B.P. Ganasri, H. Ramesh, Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS - A case
study of Nethravathi Basin, Received 9 September 2014, Received in revised form 1 October 2015
[2] G. Mathias Kondolf, Yongxuan Gao, George W. Annandale , Gregory L. Morris, Sustainable sediment
management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from ve continents, Received 30 SEP 2013-
Accepted 28 APR 2014.
[3] Kabir Uddin, M. S. R. Murthy, Shahriar M. Wahid, Mir A. Matin, Estimation of Soil Erosion Dynamics in the
Koshi Basin Using GIS and Remote Sensing to Assess Priority Areas for Conservation, Received: September
14, 2015 Accepted: February 15, 2016 Published: March 10, 2016
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SATELLITE IMAGERIES, Central Water and Power Research Station P.O. Khadakwasla, Pune 411024
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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

[5] Joris de Vente, Jean Poesen & Gert Verstraeten , Evaluation of reservoir sedimentation as a methodology for
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[9] Durbude, Dilip G and Varadarajan, N. (2002). Assessment of sedimentation in Tungabhadra reservoir using
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[10] Garde, R.J. (1995). Reservoir sedimentation. State of art report no. INCOH/SAR- 6/95, INCOH, National
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[11] Solomonson, V.V. (1973). Remote sensing applications in water resources. Proceeding of International Sym. on
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[12] Soil Types of Gujarat Commissionarate of Agriculture, (GoG)
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2004 ) by NWR, WS & K Department, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar.
[14] Report of the Ground Water Resources Estimation Committee ( June 1997), Ministry of Water Resources,
Government of India.

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