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Principles of Solidification

Article in Materials Today October 2011

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Laurens Katgerman
Delft University of Technology
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Polymer-carbon
Principles of Solidification nanotube composites:
Preparation, properties
A comprehensive description of the liquid-solid transformation in and applications
casting, welding, and crystal growth processes; with topics including T McNally and P Ptschke (Eds)
the liquid state, liquid-solid crystallization, solid-liquid interfaces, and Woodhead Publishing 2011 848 pp
ISBN: 978-1-84569-761-7
rapid solidification, supported by detailed mathematical examples. 180.00/$305.00
Laurens Katgerman | [email protected] While still relatively new materials, polymer-
carbon nanotube composites are becoming
Casting and solidification are most often used for Glickman, discussed here, follows the approach and logical
increasingly important, thanks to the range
making complex shapes that would be difficult or structure of Chalmers original Principles of Solidification.
of applications that they may be used in.
uneconomical to make by other methods, and remain Glicksmans textbook is divided into five parts: This contributed work covers all aspects
among the most important commercial processes for Introductory Aspects, Macrosegregation, Solid-liquid of polymer-CNT composites, from their
many materials. interfaces, Microstructure Evolution, and Appendices. preparation and characterization, through to
The modern science of solidification started in the their use in a variety of systems. Produced
In Part I, crystals and melts, thermodynamics, thermal
1940s, when engineers and scientists began to use by leading researchers in the field, the text
concepts in solidification, and the solidification of
analytical mathematical models to describe solidification will likely provide a useful reference to
pure metals are described. Part II, Macrosegregation,
phenomena. The development of the criterion for researchers working in this expanding area.
covers solute mass balances, plane-front solidification,
constitutional supercooling by Chalmers and co-workers and compositional control and Part III, Solid-Liquid
was a major step forward in our Interfaces, follows with crystal-melt
understanding of the instability of the Optics of Nanomaterials
interfaces, constitutional supercooling,
solid-liquid interface and the evolution linear morphological stability, non- Vladimir Gavrilenko
of as-cast microstructures. Based on linear stability models, and nucleation Pan Stanford Publishing 2010 329 pp
the results of Chalmers early research, analysis. ISBN: 978-9-81424-109-0
the first comprehensive textbook/ 89.00/$139.95
Part IV, Microstructural Evolution, Optics of Nanomaterials covers the optical
monograph with the original title of
covers dendritic growth, properties of a range of nanomaterials and
Principles of Solidification was published
microsegregation, interface structure nanostructures in an introductory manner.
in 1964. Research on heat and solute
and growth kinetics, polyphase With a strong emphasis on physics, the
transport during solidification continued
solidification, and rapid solidification text covers the basic quantum mechanics
over the following years, providing
processing and in Part V some of low-dimensional systems before moving
solidification science with a firm base.
selected topics are described in detail. on to examine specific examples, such as
This resulted in subsequent textbooks:
quantum dots and biological nanomaterials.
Solidification Processing by Flemings in The topic of this book is timely and
1974, and 10 years later, Kurz & Fishers the author is an acknowledged expert
book Fundamentals of Solidification, in in the field who has made major
which the equations of heat and solute research contributions. Introduction to
transport including the inherent length Dislocations
scales were applied in a comprehensive way to describe Martin Eden Glicksman D. Hull and D. J. Bacon
microstructural developments during solidification. Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting Butterworth Heinemann 2011 288 pp
and Crystal Growth Concepts ISBN: 978-0-08-096672-4
In the 80s, the modeling of solidification and crystal
Springer 2011 530 pp $66.95
growth processes really took off when powerful
Crystal dislocations can play critical
computers became available. Computational models on ISBN: 978-1-4419-7343-6
roles in the mechanical and electronic
the (different) length scales of casting and solidification 79.95
properties of materials, and so an
were successfully developed in parallel with the rapid Students and researchers in materials, metallurgy, understanding of these common
improvement of algorithms for different numerical chemistry, and mechanical engineering will find this to defects is critical when considering the
approaches, such as finite element, finite volume, and be a useful source on the subjects of solidification and applications of metals, ceramics and semi-
phase field methods. crystal growth. Extensive figures, tables, and references conductors. After first being published
Although there have been a few dedicated books and enable readers to easily understand the content with in 1965, Introduction to Dislocations has
minimal difficulty. Unfortunately the book has no become a well respected resource for
conference proceedings published since the appearance
students and experts alike. This latest
of Flemings and Kurz & Fishers books, it is only worked examples and problems to help students to
edition builds on this solid foundation,
recently that two new textbooks with a comprehensive practice what they have learned.
but also takes advantage of the latest
presentation of the fundamentals, models, and In summary, this book comprehensively covers the findings, providing a clear explanation of
computational approaches based on the results of liquid-solid transformation in casting, welding, and crystal the behavior and effects of dislocations.
solidification research up to the present day have been growth processes and will give students and scientists
published: Dantzig & Rappazs Solidification (2009) and a firmer grasp of the field of solidification science. This
Glicksmans Fundamentals of Solidification (2011). book will no doubt prove to be useful as a reference book Expert
While the textbook by Dantzig & Rappaz more or less for graduate level materials, metallurgical, chemical, and Graduate
follows the approach by Kurz & Fisher, the book by mechanical engineering researchers. Undergraduate

502 OCTOBER 2011 | VOLUME 14 | NUMBER 10