13-20 MDMP and The Field Artillery Support Plan HB

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MDMP and the Field Artillery
Support Plan Handbook
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MDMP AND THE FIELD ARTILLERY SUPPORT PLAN HANDBOOK
Foreword
Creating and coordinating a fully synchronized plan and operation order is
a complex and often difficult, time-consuming process for any organization.
The process is often made more difficult by the geographic separation of
key staff officers and agencies, as is the case for many field artillery (FA)
battalions. FA battalions must develop workable, synchronized field artillery
support plans (FASPs) despite the fact that the commander, executive,
operation, and sustainment officers are often located in different areas.
The purpose of this handbook is to share some tactics, techniques, and
procedures developed and successfully used by FA battalions rotating
through the Combat Training Centers (CTCs). The FA battalion staffs used
the military decisionmaking process (MDMP) as described in the Army
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 5-0.1, Commander and Staff Officer
Guide (SEP 2011), but modified the steps to meet artillery specific MDMP
requirements.
So, how can an artillery battalion put together a clear, concise, and
synchronized FA support plan? Read further and find out what worked for
several battalions and staffs rotating through the CTCs. Maybe it can work
for you, too.
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MDMP and the Field Artillery Support Plan

Handbook
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Techniques and Procedures 3
Conclusion 23
Appendix A. Step 1: Mission Receipt 25
Executive Officers Timeline Worksheet 26
Appendix B. Step 2: Mission Analysis 27
Mission Analysis Worksheet 30
Products of Mission Analysis Worksheet 31
Appendix C. Step 3: Course of Action Development 33
Checklist for Commanders Guidance 34
Course of Action Quality Control Checklist 35
Appendix D. Step 4: Wargaming 37
Steps During Wargaming 37
Products of Wargaming 39
Wargaming Synchronization Matrix 40
Appendix E. Steps 5, 6, and 7: Course of Action Comparison,
43
Approval, and Orders Production
Course of Action Comparison Matrix Worksheet 44
Field Artillery Support Plan Outline 45
Field Artillery Support Plan Briefing Agenda 51
Appendix F. Steps for Conducting a Rehearsal 53
Appendix G. References 55
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Center For Army Lessons Learned

CALL Director COL Thomas H. Roe
CALL Analysts MAJ Theodore Colinear
SFC David A. Walters
Mr. Mark Schiller
The Secretary of the Army has determined that the publication of this
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Introduction
The brigade combat teams artillery battalion staff should strive to conduct
as much parallel planning as possible with the maneuver brigade staff;
however, in a time-compressed planning environment, this is not always
possible. The procedures outlined in this handbook address the production
of the FASP when the brigade combat teams artillery battalion staff begins
formal planning shortly before the brigade operation order (OPORD) is
published. However, even in this sequential planning procedure, the artillery
battalion staff must still conduct planning along with the brigade staff. The
artillery battalion staffs planning will not be parallel with the brigades
MDMP, but the artillery battalion staff will have a good concept for the
artillery course of action (COA) once the brigade commander approves the
maneuver COA. The artillery battalion staff must conduct prior planning
with the brigade staff to produce a supportable brigade COA and to facilitate
producing a quality FASP in a timely manner. The goal of the artillery
battalion staff is to produce a FASP, synchronized with the maneuver COA,
as soon as possible after the publication of the brigade OPORD.
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Techniques and Procedures

Step 1: Receipt of the Mission
The first step of the military decisionmaking process (MDMP) is to receive
the mission from higher headquarters, usually in the form of a written order.
However, prior to this first formal step, the field artillery (FA) battalion must
initiate prior planning in conjunction with the supported maneuver brigade
as soon as it receives the initial brigade warning order. Staff officers must
cross talk with their respective counterparts on the brigade staff to acquire
as much information as early as possible regarding the upcoming operation.
The intelligence officer (S-2) begins the intelligence preparation of the
battlefield (IPB) process. The operations officer (S-3), in coordination with
the S-2, develops the initial reconnaissance plan. Warning orders are sent
to the batteries as new information about the upcoming operations order
(OPORD) is received from the brigade. Hence, prior to the receipt of the
brigades OPORD, the brigade combat team FA battalion staff has formed
an understanding of the mission and the battalion executive officer (XO) has
developed an initial timeline. In addition, the FA staff has begun preliminary
mission analysis and tentative course of action (COA) development. This
preliminary analysis focuses on running estimates and starting task analysis.
Furthermore, the S-3 must work closely with the brigade combat team fire
support coordinator (FSCOORD); the FA battalion commander; targeting,
counterfire, and target acquisition officers; as well as the battalion fire
support officers (FSOs)/liaison officers (LNOs) to gain an understanding
of the maneuver COAs in order to coordinate position areas (PAs) and to
determine the ammunition requirements for the upcoming operation.
The FA battalion S-3 develops a tentative artillery COA for each maneuver
COA developed during the brigades MDMP for the brigade combat team
FA battalion commanders approval. During the brigades MDMP, the
FSCOORD and brigade combat team FSO coordinate PAs, movement
routes, and other terrain data that the artillery requires. As soon as possible,
the S-3 initiates ground or aerial reconnaissance of potential routes, PAs,
landing zones, pickup zones, and rearm, resupply, and refuel position
locations to support the upcoming operation. The main function of the
artillery staffs prior planning with the brigade is to ensure that the brigade
produces a COA the artillery can support, and to help the FA staff produce a
quality, synchronized field artillery support plan (FASP) as soon as possible
after the brigades OPORD.
Prior to attending the brigade combat team MDMP, the FA battalion
commanders receive an informal FA battalion staff update from each
of the primary staff sections. The S-2 briefs the commander on initial
IPB products, such as modified combined obstacle overlays (MCOOs)
and situational templates (SITTEMPs), if available. The S-3 updates the
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commander on current howitzer, radar, meteorological measuring set,

and Position Azimuth Determining System statuses. The sustainment
planner or the XO briefs the commander on the status of Class I (water),
Class III, and Class V supplies, and maintenance, medical, and personnel.
This information helps the commander accurately represent the brigade
combat team artillery battalion during the brigade combat teams MDMP;
thus ensuring the development of a sustainable COA from the artillerys
perspective.
Several hours prior to the start of the brigades MDMP, the battalion XO
and a logistics planner (personnel officer [S-1] or logistics officer [S-4]
battle captain) move to the tactical operations center (TOC) to start the
planning process. The XO performs the chief of staff role and supervises the
MDMP. This centralized planning process with the XO in the lead ensures
that the FASP is synchronized from inception.
As soon as possible, during the brigade combat teams MDMP, the FA
battalion commander issues initial planning guidance to the XO and the S-3.
The commander addresses the following: commanders critical information
requests (CCIR), type of order to produce, any movement instructions, input
to the reconnaissance plan, additional tasks to batteries, input to the time
plan, and type of rehearsals to conduct.
Appendix A, Step 1: Mission Receipt, includes a planning action checklist
and products worked/developed during this phase of the MDMP. In
addition, an example of an XO timeline worksheet for operations with
a planning action checklist is attached, as well as action officer and
recommended guidelines for percentages of time allotted per action step.
Step 2: Mission Analysis

Mission analysis, as outlined in Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
(ATTP) 5-0.1, Commander and Staff Officer Guide (September 2011),
consists of 19 steps that can be divided into two parts: task analysis and
the update of staff running estimates. These two parts of mission analysis
take place simultaneously. Furthermore, these 19 steps for mission
analysis contained in ATTP 5-0.1 should be used as a guideline to ensure
completeness of the analysis rather than be used as a strict sequential list
that must be followed. The mission analysis procedures outlined below are
written for a compressed timeline and the steps are performed in a fires
MDMP functional order versus a sequential order.
Mission analysis is a critical step in the MDMP. When performed properly,
it provides the staff with an understanding of the battalions role in the
brigades operation and what parameters the battalion must operate within
to meet its mission. The XO must ensure that the staff has sufficient time to
do a thorough mission analysis.
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Upon returning from the brigade combat team OPORD brief, the FA
battalion S-2, S-3, and battalion fire direction officer (or battalion fire
direction center representative) conduct a quick mission brief to the
assembled staff, while the operations noncommissioned officer (OPS NCO)
lets the staff know where on the unit electronic portal the order annexes can
be retrieved, or he makes copies and distributes appropriate annexes to each
staff section. During this mission brief, the S-2 provides a quick brief on the
terrain and enemy using the MCOO and SITTEMPs, if available. The S-2
can use the brigades IPB products to conduct this brief if the battalions
products are not completed during prior planning. The S-3 outlines the
brigades mission, the concept of operation, and the brigade commanders
intent, and defines the areas of operation and interest to the battalion. The
XO reviews and posts the timeline the staff will follow to produce the FASP.
This quick mission brief ensures that the staff has a good understanding of
the brigades mission, concept of operation, and the brigade commanders
intent prior to beginning mission analysis for the battalion.
After the mission brief, staff members conduct task analysis on their
respective annex of the brigade combat team OPORD using the mission
analysis worksheet (see Appendix B). The purpose of task analysis is to
identify specified, implied, and essential tasks; constraints, restrictions,
facts, necessary assumptions, and forces available; and to develop requests
for information (RFIs). The XO and the S-3 focus their task analysis on
paragraphs III and IV of the OPORD and the fire support annex. They
then identify the fire support tasks (FSTs) that the brigade combat team
tasked the FA battalion to accomplish. A fully developed field artillery
task (FAT) addresses task, purpose, method, and effects. The tasks specify
whether the target must be suppressed, neutralized, destroyed, screened,
or obscured. The purpose describes how the successful engagement of
the target contributes to the maneuver commanders plan (taken from the
FSTs purpose). The method discusses how the artillery battalion will
achieve the task. The staff determines the method for each FAT during COA
development. Effects describe what the artillery battalion must accomplish
to successfully achieve the task.
The S-2 focuses the intelligence effort on completing the IPB products
(e.g., MCOO and SITTEMPs), developing the initial CCIR, and identifying
the battalions requirements to support the brigades reconnaissance and
surveillance plan. The S-2 notifies the S-3 of priority intelligence requests
(PIRs) that the brigade tasked the battalion to answer. The S-3 then uses this
information to develop the reconnaissance plan. The plans officer uses the
command post of the future (CPOF), or other automated means, to post the
results of each staff sections mission analysis. The battalion and brigade
signal (S-6) cell should define standard operating procedure automated
electronic processes during the MDMP.
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Concurrently, each staff section updates its running estimates to ensure it

has the assets available to meet the tasks assigned to the battalion in the
brigade order. The staff focuses its effort on identifying shortfalls that could
negatively impact the operation. Once a shortfall is identified, the staff
section develops solutions to overcome the shortfall with internal assets,
or it requests assistance from higher headquarters. Shortfalls are posted on
the mission analysis CPOF tab and requests for assistance are posted as
RFIs. These shortfalls eventually become part of the risk assessment for the
operation. The logistics planner focuses his running estimates on Class I
(water), Class III, Class V, medical, and maintenance.
Next, the XO and the S-3 identify the essential task(s) the battalion must
accomplish to make the brigades operation a success. These essential tasks
are used to develop the what portion of the revised mission statement.
Together the XO and the S-3 draft the battalions restated mission.
After developing the restated mission, the XO conducts an initial risk
analysis for the operation by reviewing shortfalls assessed by the protection
officer and staff, and by reviewing hazards negatively impacting combat
power that could possibly cause the battalions operation to fail. The S-3
updates the reconnaissance plan that was developed during prior planning
while the brigade completed its MDMP. The XO reviews and updates the
timeline.
Mission analysis concludes with the formal mission analysis brief to
the commander. The brief should be quick and succinct, focusing on
information the commander needs to understand the concept of the mission
and should outline the parameters within which the battalion has to operate.
Each staff section briefs on the current status and only discusses shortfalls.
A suggested mission analysis briefing agenda and the products of mission
analysis are listed in Appendix B.
After the mission analysis brief, the commander approves or modifies the
restated mission, approves or modifies the timeline, provides the initial
intent, and issues guidance to the staff. If time permits, the commander
should provide written guidance. A checklist for the commanders guidance
is located in Appendix C. At a minimum, the commander should address
enemy and friendly COAs for staff consideration, priority of FATs, guidance
on method(s) to accomplish specific FATs, input to the CCIR (especially
PIRs) and RFIs, and should provide his initial intent. Within 30 minutes of
receiving the commanders guidance, the operation section issues another
warning order to the units. Prior to starting the COA development and COA
analysis, the XO and the S-3 review the facts and assumptions to ensure
they are up to date. The XO updates the timeline based on the commanders
guidance. Upon completing updates of facts and assumptions, mission
analysis ends and COA development begins.
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Appendix B, Step 2: Mission Analysis, includes a planning action checklist

and products worked/developed during this phase of the MDMP. In
addition, mission analysis and product worksheets are attached.
Step 3: Course of Action Development

The first step of formal COA development is to review and update facts,
assumptions, and forces available that were identified during mission
analysis. The second step is to generate conceptual possibilities to support
the maneuver brigades plan, beginning upon receipt of the brigades first
warning order. Additionally, by having the FA battalion FSCOORD, brigade
FSO, or LNOs participate in the brigades MDMP, the FA battalion should
have the foundation of its COA developed. To begin, the XO or the S-3
posts all assets the battalion has available and graphically draws a concept
sketch of the area of operation on the CPOF. The staff uses the MCOO
and SITTEMP posted on the operations map to select firing positions
and support locations (initial positions are selected during the brigades
MDMP). Fire support coordination measures, observer positions, FA
order of combat, and forward observer utilization should be considered as
factors in selecting position areas. The areas selected are transferred to the
concept sketch and assets are set in position. In addition, alternate PAs are
selected and posted on the sketch. Firing positions are selected based on the
following criteria:
The weapon range supports accomplishment of FATs.
Terrain supports firing in terms of cant and site to crest.
Positions are located away from high speed enemy avenues of
approach or enemy objectives.
Good routes are designated for resupply.
Movement routes support positions for ground and air.
The ability to communicate is confirmed.
Radar deployment considerations such as cant mask angle and search
azimuths are verified.
The S-2s MCOO should have restrictive cant zones depicting inter-
visibility lines. A well-developed MCOO will make potential PAs very
apparent. The S-3 coordinates with the brigade S-3 to verify that PAs and
support locations selected by the FSCOORD and brigade FSO during
the brigades COA development are still available for artillery use. This
coordination is essential to ensure that the artillery battalion has near
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exclusive use of the terrain before developing a scheme of maneuver for

each COA. The XO and the staff generate the number of conceptual COAs
based on the commanders guidance.
The next step is to develop a scheme of maneuver for each COA. The
scheme of maneuver addresses, in detail, how the battalions assets can
accomplish the commanders intent and the FATs. The scheme of maneuver
must address:
The movement plan to locate batteries and sections into primary
positions.
Azimuths of fire.
Planning range fans.
Radar coverage areas.
Listing of FATs (in task, purpose, method, and effects format).
Tasks to subordinate elements.
Alternate positions.
Survey plans.
Engineer support.
Air defense artillery support.
Meteorological measuring set.
Priorities of support.
Concept of sustainment support.
The communication plan.
The XO must ensure that the entire staff is involved in COA scheme
of maneuver development to ensure it is feasible. The XO and the S-3
must ensure that all available assets are incorporated into the scheme of
maneuver. Furthermore, when developing multiple COAs, the XO and the
S-3 must ensure that each COA is unique from the others. If time permits
for the development of only one COA, the commander must be involved in
its development.
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The final step of COA development is to conduct a quality control test

on the COA. Check the COA for: feasibility, acceptability, suitability,
distinguishability, and completeness (FAS-DC test). The COA is feasible
if it meets the commanders intent within time, space, and resource
constraints. Next, the COA is acceptable if it entails prudent risks
and ensures the unit is combat effective at the end of the operation.
The commander must define prudent risks. The COA is suitable if
it accomplishes the mission and meets the commanders intent. The
distinguishability test is used when developing multiple COAs. A COA is
distinguishable if it has significant differences from other COAs in terms of
how the battalion will move its units (echelon versus in a mass), modes of
transportation (ground convoy versus air assault), positioning of key assets
(location of radar or command posts), control of fires (establishing quick-
fire channel with all weapons locating radars), and time of operation (day
versus night).
Finally, a COA is complete if it addresses the who, what, when, where, how,
and why questions concerning all elements participating in the operation.
First, the COA must ensure that all elements in the battalion or operational
control assigned to it have a role in the mission (who). Second, the COA
must clearly outline tasks or actions for subordinate elements (e.g.,
neutralize priority target AB 3200) (what). Third, the COA should outline
the time actions or tasks that will take place (e.g., be in position ready fire
on AB 3200 no later than 120200SEP) (when). Fourth, the COA should
clearly outline the locations and tentative future locations for all battalion
assets (e.g., initial firing positions with azimuth of fire or radar location with
primary azimuth of search) (where). Fifth, the COA must clearly outline
how the battalion assets will be employed to accomplish the mission (e.g.,
Bravo Battery will conduct deliberate air assault to PA32) (how). Sixth,
the COA must outline the purpose for each task assigned to a subordinate
element (e.g., Bravo Battery conducts a deliberate air assault to PA32 to
neutralize target AB 3200 to protect the brigades air assault into objective
Rhino) (why).
If the COA passes the FAS-DC test outlined above, then the staff can be
assured it has produced a viable COA that will accomplish the mission and
the commanders intent. If the commander directed more than one COA, the
staff would repeat steps two and three for each additional COA. A checklist
the XO or the S-3 can use to ensure the development of quality COAs can
be found in Appendix F.
Appendix C, Step 3: Course of Action Development, includes a planning
action checklist and products worked/developed during this phase of the
MDMP. In addition, Appendix C has the commanders guidance and COA
quality control checklists.
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Step 4: Course of Action Analysis

The heart of COA analysis is the wargaming process, which consists
of eight steps. Wargaming allows the staff to visualize the operation at
critical points to ensure that all assets are synchronized in time and space
to accomplish the mission and meet the commanders intent. Wargaming
is essential to developing a synchronized COA; thus, the XO must allocate
sufficient time to do a thorough wargame.
A successful wargame depends on good preparation prior to the start. First,
the OPS NCO and plans officer gather the products from mission analysis
and COA development. They post the COA sketch, a list of specified and
implied tasks (FATs and FSTs), facts and critical assumptions, RFIs, the
synchronization matrix to record results, and a list of assets available.
Additionally, they set up the planning cell so that all seats are oriented to the
COA sketch and the synchronization matrix so that all posted materials can
be seen by all. While the plans area is prepared for wargaming, the XO and
the S-3 determine critical events to wargame and COA selection criteria,
if wargaming more than one COA. Choosing selection criteria prior to the
start of wargaming reduces bias in comparing COAs. The commander or
XO determines the wargaming method based on time available and scope
of the operation. When the plans area is set up, the OPs NCO assembles the
staff.
Prior to starting the wargaming of a COA, the S-3 briefly reviews the COA
for the benefit of staff members not present during COA development and to
refresh the staffs memory when working multiple COAs. Also, S-3 ensures
that there is a staff member responsible for providing expertise on each of
the six warfighting functions for each COA. The XO establishes the rules
and sets the time limit. The S-3 runs the wargame with the XO supervising
the process. If time is short, the wargame is started at the most critical event.
The plans officer posts the critical events at the top of the synchronization
matrix. The friendly action enemy reaction friendly counter action drill
is used for each critical event. The S-2 plays a freethinking, aggressive
enemy fighting the COA that the commander requested in his guidance.
The S-3 then introduces the critical event and the friendly action. The S-2
describes in detail, the enemy reaction to the friendly action, focusing on
how the enemy reaction will impact the artillery battalions units. The S-3
then discusses the friendly counteraction to the enemys reaction, again
focusing on what the battalions elements will do. The synchronization
matrix is used to drive the wargame, recording the results. The XO provides
direction to the wargaming efforts by ensuring each component of the
synchronization matrix is considered for each critical event and that all staff
members are actively participating in the wargame.
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The Combat Training Center (CTC) best practices for the standard
warfighting function synchronization matrix were redesigned to make it
more useful in wargaming COAs for artillery battalions (see Appendix D).
This modified matrix is called the fires wargame synchronization matrix.
The fires wargame synchronization matrix includes all six of the warfighting
function teams. The sub-components of a FAT are the task, purpose,
method (priority of fires, priority of targets, battery tasks, movement,
survey, radar deployment, meteorological schedule, munitions, and fire
support coordination measures), and effects. The FAT section of the fires
wargame synchronization matrix contains most of the elements necessary to
synchronize a FA battalions COA. The matrix is a tool ensuring all of the
battalions assets are focused on each critical event.
Furthermore, the artillery wargame synchronization matrix has a section for
risk analysis to ensure the staff identifies high-risk hazards associated with
critical events and assigns reduction measures to subordinate units or, if
necessary, even modifying the COA. If the staff waits until after wargaming
to conduct risk assessment and decides to modify a COA to reduce risk,
then it must go back, wargaming the changes that were made to the COA.
Therefore, a staff saves time and effort by considering risk management in
wargaming.
For instance, Appendix D contains a partially completed FA wargame
synchronization matrix with the results of wargaming for setting the defense
at the Joint Readiness Training Center. During this phase of the operation,
both firing batteries and the radar are moving to new positions. The radar
moves and locates with Bravo Battery. The deception radar moves and
locates with Alpha Battery. The battalion has an engineer blade team to
assist the batteries in preparing their defenses. Each firing battery moves
with a survey team to establish a survey in the new primary and alternate
positions. In addition, the support platoon moves Class IV and Class V by
air to the new battery positions.
The enemys reaction to the battery moves should entail increased
interdiction of ground main supply routes, more direct action by members
of the opposing force, and sniper and mortar attacks on battery positions to
disrupt setting the defense. The battalions counteractions to the enemys
reactions are:
Requesting the brigade to provide a maneuver force to clear main
supply routes prior to firing batteries moving.
Increasing soldier alertness to civilians and civilian automobiles
around battery areas or the convoys.
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Establishing traffic control points around battery positions and digging

in with overhead cover.
Requesting radar coverage from force FA headquarters or a mutual
supporting unit while the battalion radar relocates.
As illustrated by this example, the FA wargame synchronization matrix
clearly and succinctly prompts and captures all the functions an artillery
battalion must perform to set the defense. Note: Be sure to include time-
distance factors for actions and reactions during the wargame.
Upon completion of the wargaming of a COA, the plans officer posts
all external coordination requirements to the RFI list and assigns a staff
agency responsible for answering each one. If the staff has only one COA
to wargame, it will begin FASP preparation. If the staff must wargame other
COAs they will construct an artillery wargame synchronization matrix
and begin the next wargame. Appendix D provides a detailed checklist to
help set the conditions for a productive wargame and a list of the products
created from this process.
To summarize, the wargame portion of COA analysis is critical to the
synchronization of a plan. The XO must ensure that the staff has time to
conduct a thorough wargame for each COA. If time is limited, then the
commander should outline a single COA during mission analysis so that the
XO can thoroughly wargame beginning with the most critical event.
Additionally, the XO supervises the wargame process, ensuring all staff
members participate by using his experience to raise questions, resolve
issues, and to ensure proper procedures are being followed. The S-3 runs
the wargame to guarantee all assets are being used and are focused on the
critical time and place.
Appendix D, Step 4: Wargaming, includes a planning action checklist and
products worked/developed during this phase of the MDMP. In addition,
worksheets for the steps taken, products used, and a synchronization matrix
for wargaming are attached.
Step 5: Courses of Action Comparison

After wargaming all COAs, the staff now conducts COA comparison
to select the COA best supporting the mission and commanders intent.
The commander or XO assigns weights to the criterion based on relative
importance. Weights are determined based on the commanders assessment
of the relative importance of each criterion to the accomplishment of the
mission. Next, the staff conducts a subjective analysis of each COA by
listing its respective advantages and disadvantages with regard to the
evaluation criteria established prior to wargaming. The staff uses this
analysis to determine which COA best supports the respective evaluation
criterion. The COA the staff rates as the best for a specific evaluation
criterion is given the number one, the second best the number two, and
the third best the number three. Each COAs assigned number value is
multiplied by the weight factor to determine the weighted total, which is
the number found in parenthesis in each cell (see Appendix E). The above
process is repeated for all evaluation criteria. After the staff rates each
COA on all criteria, the total numerical value and total weighted values are
summed. The COA with the lowest weighted value is the preferred COA
and the one recommended to the commander. In Appendix E, COA number
one would be the preferred COA because it has the lowest weighted value
total (40).
The use of the COA comparison matrix provides several advantages to
the staff in selecting the best COA. First, this decision matrix technique
also allows the commander and/or XO the flexibility to weigh factors in
accordance with their relative importance to the operation. Thus, the factors
the commander feels are the most important are given a greater weight to
influence the decision process. Second, this comparison matrix provides
the staff with an objective tool to evaluate the COAs. This objectivity
helps reduce the staffs bias toward any one COA, which ensures that the
COA best meeting the evaluation criteria is selected for recommendation
to the commander. If the staffs analysis cannot determine a best COA
to recommend to the commander, then the XO selects one based on his
experience.
Appendix E, Steps 5, 6, and 7: Course of Action Comparison, Approval,
and Orders Production, includes a planning action checklist and products
worked/developed during this phase of the MDMP. In addition, a worksheet
for the COA comparison matrix is attached.
Step 6: Course of Action Approval

The results of the COA comparison analysis are briefed to the commander
in the COA analysis brief, after which the commander will select a
COA based on the staffs input. The commander must decide to select
the staffs recommended COA, modify a COA, or reject all proposed
COAs. If the commander rejects all proposed COAs, the staff must revisit
mission analysis and start COA development over again. Likewise, if the
commander modifies a COA, the staff must wargame the modifications.
When operating under a compressed time schedule and developing only
one COA, the XO and the S-3 brief the commander on the results of
the wargame and outline the advantages and any disadvantages to the
COA. The commander will decide to accept the COA or modify it. If the
commander modifies the COA, the staff must wargame the modifications.
After selecting or approving the COA, the commander should review

his intent statement and CCIR and update as necessary. Furthermore, the
commander should issue any additional guidance regarding priorities of
support, risk management, modifications to the timeline, type of order, or
type of rehearsal. After receiving the commanders approved COA and
refined guidance, the S-3 issues another warning order to subordinate units
so that they can refine their plans and start actions, such as distributing
ammunition and moving elements.
Step 7: Orders Production

Following the COA selection or wargame for a single COA, the staff
begins preparation of the FASP. Staff members use the FA wargame
synchronization matrix to write a majority of their respective paragraphs for
the order. The XO encourages staff sections to cross talk while they are
preparing their respective portions of the order. The centralized approach to
preparing the FASP facilitates cross talk between the staff, which in turn
leads to even greater synchronization of a plan. In addition, the XO ensures
that all RFIs are answered prior to publication of the order.
When the first draft of the FASP is completed, the XO and the S-3 conduct
a review of the order to ensure that it is complete and that the products are
synchronized (see Appendix E). They check the base order to ensure that:
All FATs have redundant means for accomplishment.
All specified and implied tasks are incorporated into the plan.
All RFIs are answered.
All information, such as tasks to subordinate units and coordinating
instructions recorded during the wargame, are contained in the FASP.
The radar deployment order agrees with the base order.
The operations and sustainment synchronization matrixes are
synchronized and completed (see Appendix E for the complete
checklist).
In addition, the XO and the S-3 conduct a digital overlay synchronization
check through the CPOF. This check involves posting the operations digital
overlay with brigade digital graphics and then placing the enemy situational
template and the sustainment digital overlays on top. The XO and the S-3
check to ensure that:
Locations of battalion assets are accurately posted.
Battalion assets are not posted in the same location as brigade assets.
The battalion has not posted assets on enemy objectives or avenues of

approach.
Ambulance exchange points are established on roads away from the
enemys main avenues of approach and not on roads scheduled to be
blocked as part of the brigades obstacle plan.
Firing elements can range the entire brigade sector throughout the
operation.
Firing batteries azimuths of fire do not overlap.
These final checks by the XO and the S-3 ensure that the FASP is complete
and the battalion has a solid, synchronized plan to accomplish its mission
(see Appendix E).
About 30 minutes prior to the FASP brief, the XO checks with each
primary staff member and runs through a rehearsal on what they will brief
at the order. The FASP should be rehearsed collectively to ensure that all
talking points are nested in the battalion commanders intent and brigade
commanders guidance for fires. This rehearsal technique helps the XO
focus each staff officers brief on the key points, thus saving time in the
FASP brief. In addition, the battalion S-3 has the battery commander and
a representative from each of the TOC shifts, report to the FASP brief 10
minutes early so they have time to read the FASP. This allows them time to
formulate questions or points of clarification to ask during the FASP brief.
Furthermore, they are also familiar with the content of the FASP, so that
they do not have to take numerous notes and can listen to the brief. At the
start of the FASP brief, the OPS NCO takes roll and conducts an inventory
of the FASP to ensure everyone has a complete order. Appendix E contains
a CTC best practices FASP briefing agenda. At the conclusion of the FASP,
each battery commander backbriefs the battalion commander on the tasks
and purposes for which his unit is responsible. This backbrief is a rehearsal
technique used to ensure that battery commanders understand their role in
the upcoming operation, to resolve concerns, or to answer questions.
Appendix E, Steps 5, 6, and 7: Course of Action Comparison, Approval,
and Orders Production, includes a planning action checklist and products
worked/developed during this phase of the MDMP. In addition, checklists
for quality control and a briefing agenda for the FASP are attached.
Supervising Preparation for and Execution of the Field

Artillery Support Plan
The staffs work does not end once the order is published. The staff must
diligently supervise the preparation and execution of the FASP to ensure
that the battalion is prepared to accomplish its mission. This is one of the
most important steps of the troop leading procedures. The XO and the
S-3 must ensure that the staff invests the time to properly monitor the
preparation for executing the mission. Discussed below are procedures FA
staffs can use to assist in supervising the preparation and execution of the
mission.
Rehearsals
Rehearsals are essential tools for efficient execution of a plan because
they help ensure that a plan is well synchronized prior to execution. The
XO must allot time to do some type of rehearsal. Field Manual (FM) 3-09,
Section II: Fire Support Preparation, is an excellent reference for integrated
digital and tactical fire support/FA rehearsal. Additionally, the Center for
Army Lessons Learned, Fires Rehearsals Handbook, contains a list of steps
for conducting any type of fires rehearsal. It also discusses the various types
of rehearsals in detail.
Generally, the terrain model technique is the most beneficial and efficient
rehearsal technique for fully visualizing the operation. The XO must
ensure that each player is present at the terrain model talking and walking
through his portion of a critical event. The walk- and talk-through ensures
the player knows his part in the critical event and also helps other players
visualize how each element contributes to the overall plan. In addition, the
walk-through on the terrain board familiarizes the players with the area of
operation. The S-3 can coordinate with the brigade to use its digital CPOF
terrain board overlay to conduct the FA battalion rehearsals.
The FA battalion commander, brigade FSO, XO, S-3, S-2, battalion fire
direction officer, and battalion LNOs should attend the brigades combined
arms rehearsal. At this rehearsal, the brigade commander reviews his intent
and concept of the operation, and each maneuver commander and his FSOs
walk through their respective plans and discuss how they can contribute
to achieving the brigade commanders intent by phase. The brigade
FSCOORD and FSO note any refinements the brigade commander makes to
the FASP and clarifies them during the brigade fire support rehearsal.
The FA battalion must conduct several rehearsals to ensure the FASP
is thoroughly synchronized. Immediately following the combined arms
rehearsal, the FA battalion conducts the brigade fire support rehearsal for
the brigade commander, which is attended by the brigade commander
(when available), XO, S-3, S-2, S-4, engineer, FSCOORD/commander,
FSO, counterfire officer, target acquisition platoon leader, Air Force air
LNO, Army aviation LNO, air defense and airspace management officer
in charge, the direct support battalion XO, S-3, and S-2, battalion fire
direction officer, radar technician, task force commanders (when available),
and the task force FSOs. This rehearsal ensures that the FA battalion fires
are synchronized with the brigades plan and that they will accomplish
the brigade commanders intent for fire support. Additionally, the FA
commander and the brigade FSO must ensure that all fire support assets are
integrated to accomplish the brigade commanders intent for fires. Thus,
they are responsible for leading the brigades fire support rehearsal.
The rehearsal should start with the brigade commander restating his concept
for fires and reviewing the FSTs. The brigade FSO must clearly articulate
the purpose, method, and effects for each FST. Next, the brigade S-2
portrays the enemy situation at the first (the most important) critical event
to be rehearsed. The brigade FSO, using the fire support matrix, has unit
observers respond as deployed from front to rear for each target associated
with the critical event. Each participant responsible for a target should
address the following about that target:
Target purpose and priority.
Target location.
Trigger points (daylight and night).
Primary and alternate observers.
Communication nets (primary and backup).
Weapons systems engaging.
Type and volume of munitions.
The fire support rehearsal provides the FA battalion key leaders a clear
understanding of the FAs role in the brigades overall fire support plan and
provides them with an opportunity to hear last-minute refinement from the
brigade commander with regard to fire support.
Second, the FA battalion staff must conduct a combined operations and
sustainment rehearsal attended by the commander, primary and special staff,
battery commanders, and first sergeants. The purpose of this rehearsal is to
ensure that the FA battalions operations and sustainment are synchronized
and that all participants know their parts in order to support each critical
event. The XO supervises the rehearsal to ensure standards are met and
all issues are resolved. At a minimum, each battery commander and each
key staff leader should leave the rehearsal with a full understanding of
what is expected of his unit or staff section, confirmation on the viability
of his plan to accomplish the assigned tasks, how his tasks contribute to
the accomplishment of the battalions mission, and how his tasks impact
on other elements in the battalion. The S-2 performs the role of the enemy
commander and visually portrays the enemy SITTEMP at the time of the
critical event. The S-3 reviews the friendly concept of the operation and
calls on each operational element to walk and talk through their tasks and
purposes for the critical event. After operational elements discuss their
parts, the S-1 and the S-4 discuss the tasks and purposes for the sustainment
elements to support the operational plan for the given critical event. Linking
the sustainment and operational rehearsals ensures that the sustainment
operations are synchronized to support the battalions operational plan. For
example, operational events or times are linked as trigger mechanisms for
sustainment support missions. Rehearsal participants must be prepared to
discuss details of the operation such as time-distance factors for moves,
occupations, rigging operations, haul capacities, fuel delivery capacities,
fuel flow rates, and other essential areas to ensure that the details of the plan
are fully addressed. If issues arise during the rehearsal or changes are made
to the plan, the plans officer records them on the synchronization matrix.
The XO ensures that all issues are resolved before the rehearsal ends.
Immediately following the combined operations and sustainment rehearsal,
the battalion should conduct a casualty evacuation rehearsal attended by
the XO, S-1, headquarters and headquarters battery commander, medical
platoon leader, first sergeants, and medics. The purpose of this rehearsal
is to ensure that the battalions medical evacuation plan (MEDEVAC) is
functional. The XO supervises while the S-1 conducts the rehearsal. The
medical platoon leader begins the rehearsal with a review of the battalions
medical concept of operation. The S-1 then has each first sergeant walk
and talk through standard and nonstandard MEDEVAC procedures for
each critical event. The first sergeants must brief the following for air
MEDEVAC request(s):
Frequency used to request MEDEVAC.
Call sign.
Location and marking of pickup zone.
Security plan for pickup zone.
Backup ground plan.
For ground MEDEVAC requests the first sergeants must discuss:
Frequency used to notify the administration and logistics operations
center.
Location of the nearest battalion aid station.
Location of the nearest ambulance exchange point.

Security vehicles and personnel.
Primary and alternate routes.
Procedures to clear use of route.
Travel time to aid station or ambulance exchange point.
For nonstandard casualty evacuation (mass casualties), first sergeants must
brief the following:
Procedures to notify the administration and logistics operations center.
Vehicles by bumper numbers designated as casualty carriers.
Casualty hauling capacity by vehicle.
Vehicles for security element by bumper number.
Number of stretchers.
Location of aid station.
Travel time to aid station.
Primary and alternate routes to aid station.
Having the first sergeants brief the above items ensures that the MEDEVAC
plan is functional and thoroughly understood. Furthermore, conducting
the rehearsal immediately after the operations and sustainment rehearsal
prevents the first sergeants from making a return trip to the TOC location.
The FA battalions final rehearsal is the technical rehearsal of the fire
support plan. This rehearsal involves the entire fire support system from
observer to the guns conducted digitally or over the radio. The purpose of
this rehearsal is to ensure the entire fire support system understands the
concept of fires and can support all FATs the battalion must perform. This
rehearsal validates the following:
Digital nets are operational.
Shift times between priority targets.
Batteries can range critical targets.
Batteries have enough types of ammunition on hand to support
operations.
Observers can communicate through the appropriate channels to

execute targets.
The length of time it will take to execute the fire support plan.
The brigade FSO and the battalion fire direction officer supervise the
execution of this rehearsal. The results from this rehearsal are used to make
small modifications to the fire support plan to increase synchronization.
Battle Tracking
Battle tracking subordinate elements preparation is another tool the FA
battalion staff uses to supervise the execution of the FASP. The TOC should
have both offensive and defensive graphics on the CPOF to monitor each
batterys preparation for the upcoming operation. For instance, in the
defense the TOC should track:
Status of Class III, Class IV, and Class V.
The preparation of defensive fighting positions.
Survey control status.
Preparation of alternate positions, obstacle emplacement.
Combat power (number of tubes operational).
The development of a defensive fire plan for intra-battalion fires.
By battle tracking the above information, the TOC knows when each battery
is fully prepared to execute the upcoming operation. In addition, this battle
tracking will also highlight problem areas that the staff must solve quickly
to set the unit up for success in the upcoming operation.
Possible Contingencies
The staff must also think through possible contingencies to ensure that the
battalion has options should a particular situation arise. For instance, the
sustainment planners should plan for emergency ammunition resupply by
having several trucks uploaded with ammunition, convoy order given, the
rehearsal conducted, and routes precleared through brigade so the resupply
convoy could launch at a moments notice. In addition, sustainment
planners could have A-22 cargo bags or 10K cargo nets pre-rigged for
emergency resupply by air. Another example of anticipating contingencies
is to have several mess section five-ton trucks downloaded and pre-
positioned at the battalion aid station for nonstandard casualty evacuation.
By anticipating these and other possible contingencies, the staff reduces
the reaction time when the situation arises, thus allowing the battalion to
maintain the initiative and freedom of action to execute the FASP.
During the execution phase, the staff must closely track the battle to
anticipate any unforeseen problems caused by the enemy, weather, or other
aspects of friction. The CCIR is critical to filter incoming information
and to focus the battle staff on important information that would alert it to
a changing situation. Additionally, battle captains must monitor execution
criteria for decision points. For example, if the decision criteria for
launching an emergency ammunition resupply is a firing battery ammunition
count dropping below 200 rounds of high-explosive shells and an adjacent
battery reporting it had 175 rounds of high explosives remaining, the
battle captain would notify the S-3, clear the route, and give the air line of
communications the order to launch the emergency ammunition resupply.
Furthermore, a well rehearsed and synchronized FASP will allow units
the freedom to use initiative to operate within the commanders intent and
provide a firm foundation of common understanding, which makes changes
easier to implement.
Conclusion
Modifications to the military decisionmaking process (MDMP) and
related tools outlined in this handbook should help make the MDMP more
user friendly and functional to the field artillery battalion in producing
thorough and well-synchronized field artillery support plans. MDMP
and the Field Artillery Support Plan Handbook fills a gap in the artillery
communitys existing tactics, techniques, and procedures that is beginning
to be addressed in official publications and training courses. The above
modifications and tools were validated at the Combat Training Centers.
The observers/trainers praised the efficiency and effectiveness of the field
artillery modifications to the MDMP. ON TIME!
Appendix A
Step 1: Mission Receipt
Figure A-1
Figure A-2
Executive Officers Timeline Worksheet

Date- Event Lead
Time
Group
Parallel Planning/Send WO No. 1 S-3

Receive the Mission (08%) XO/S-3
Initial Mission Analysis (02%) XO/S-3
Mission Brief to Staff (02%) S-2/S-3
Mission Analysis/Running Estimates (12%) XO/Staff
Send WO No. 2 S-3
Mission Analysis Brief (02%) XO/Staff
Receive CDRs Guidance (02%) CDR
COA Development (14%) XO/S-3
Send WO No. 3 S-3
Wargame (18%) XO/S-3
FASP Preparation (16%) XO/Staff
Send WO No. 4 S-3
FASP Review (04%) XO/S-3
FASP Reproduction (12%) XO/Staff
FASP Brief (08%) XO/Staff
CDRs Backbriefs CDR
BDE Task Force Rehearsal BDE XO
BDE Fire Support Rehearsal BDE FSO
BDE Sustainment Rehearsal BDE XO
Battery Operation Order Battery CDRs
FA Operations/Sustainment Rehearsal (1-1.5 hrs.) XO/S-3
FA Casualty Evacuation Rehearsal (45 min.) XO/S-1
FA Technical Rehearsal (1 hr.) S-3/BDE FSO
Attack or defense time XO/S-3/BDE FSO
Table A-1
Notes:
1. Percentages in parentheses are guidelines for allocating the one-thirds of planning
time.
2. Times for rehearsals are suggested times for planning purposes only.
Appendix B
Step 2: Mission Analysis
Figure B-1
Figure B-2
Figure B-3
Figure B-4
Mission Analysis Worksheet
Figure B-5
Products of Mission Analysis Worksheet
Facts. Restated mission.

Assumptions necessary for Timeline.
planning.
Specified tasks (to include fire List of critical shortages.

support tasks).
Implied tasks. Modified combined obstacle

overlays (MCOO) (with
potential position areas).
Essential tasks and field artillery Situational templates.

tasks.
List of constraints. Initial commanders critical

information requirement.
List of restrictions. Commanders guidance.

Requests for information. Commanders intent.
Initial reconnaissance plan. Warning.
Table B-1
Appendix C
Step 3: Course of Action Development
Figure C-1
Figure C-2
Checklist for Commanders Guidance

Number of friendly courses of action (COAs) to consider versus
enemy COAs.
COA development guidance.
Decisive points.
Priority of field artillery tasks (FATs).
Guidance on methods to accomplish each FAT.
Clarification on effects (endstate) for each FAT (if needed).
Commanders critical information requirement: priority intelligence
requests, friendly force information requirement, and essential
elements of friendly information.
Reconnaissance guidance.
Risk guidance.
Deception objective.
Priorities for logistical support.
Timeline input.
Type of order to issue.

Type of rehearsal.
Requests for information.
Initial intent (purpose, method, endstate).
Course of Action Quality Control Checklist
Staff and commander (CDR) involved in COA development.
Modified combined obstacle overlay and situational template used to
select position areas (PAs) and support locations.
Firing batteries can range all engagement areas from primary and
alternate positions.
PAs are off main enemy avenues of approach and objectives.
PAs support communication.
PAs have multiple routes for resupply.
Movement plan gets all assets into position to support all FATs.
All PAs for field artillery assets have been coordinated through the
brigade S-3.
Survey plan integrated into movement plan.
Radar position supports its operation (cant, mask angle, and azimuths
of search).
Sustainment is integrated into scheme of maneuver.
All battalion assets are used to support the operation.
COA is unique from other COAs.
Feasibility, Acceptability, Suitability, Distinguishability, and
Completeness (FAS-DC) Test.
Feasible: If COA meets CDRs intent in terms of time, space, and
resources.
Acceptable: If COA assumes prudent risk and leaves units combat
capable at the end of the operation.
Suitable: If COA accomplishes the mission and meets CDRs
intent.
Distinguishable: If COA significantly different from other COAs

in terms of positioning of firing elements, type of movement,
mode of movement, positioning of radar, positioning of command
and control, or method to control fires.
Complete: The COA must address the who, what, when, where,
how, and why questions concerning all participants roles in the
upcoming operation.
Support, Ammunition, Positioning (SAP) Test.
Support of main effort: Firing batteries azimuth of fire and ranges
can support main effort throughout the operation.
Ammunition restrictions or constraints (e.g., internal controlled
supply rate needed to support FATs throughout all phases of the
operation.
Positioning of firing batteries supports accomplishment of all
FATs.
Appendix D
Step 4: Wargaming
Figure D-1
Steps During Wargaming

1. Gather tools.
Post sketch of the course of action (COA) to wargame.
Post map board with current graphics.
Prepare and post field artillery wargame synchronization matrix.
Post facts, assumptions, and request for information (RFI) lists.
Post specified, implied, essential, and field artillery task (FAT) lists
and restated mission.
Post situational template with time phase lines to map board.
Area setup to encourage participation.
Participants assembled.
2. List friendly forces available (organic, attached, operational control).
3. List critical assumptions.
Assumptions necessary to continue planning.

Ensure that RFIs have been submitted to answer assumptions, if
possible.
4. List critical events to wargame and decision points.
5. Determine and list evaluation criteria for COA.
Commanders intent and guidance.
Army tenants.
Principles of war.
Supportability for sustainment.
Flexibility.
6. Select wargame method.
Belt (sequential belts wargamed working backwards from objective).
Avenue in depth (good for offense operations).
Box (used to focus in on a critical event or decisive point).
Combination (used to cover a critical event or decisive point in greater
detail).
7. Select recording technique for results.
Synchronization matrix.
Narrative sketch.
8. Wargame the COA and assess the results.
Executive officer (XO) covers rules to encourage participation.
XO sets time limit.
Start with most critical event.
Use friendly action enemy reaction friendly counteraction drill.
Use synchronization matrix to provide wargame direction.
Plans officer records results.
XO ensures everyone participates.
Include risk assessment in wargame.
Products of Wargaming
Complete synchronization matrix.
Concept of operation and coordinating instructions.
Task to subordinate units.
Sustainment concept of support.
Information to develop initial sustainment synchronization matrix.
Initial casualty evacuation plan.
Updated operational and sustainment graphics.
Information to produce decision support template or matrix.
Refined reconnaissance and surveillance plan.
Meteorological measuring set.
Engineer support plan.
Air defense artillery support plan.
Internal fire support plan to protect batteries and convoys.
Refined commanders critical information requirement.
Survey plan.
Radar deployment order.
Update request for information list.
Contingency operations that must be considered.
Warning order.
Wargaming Synchronization Matrix

Critical Event or Setting the Defense
Time
Friendly Action Move firing batteries and prepare defense.

Enemy Action Interdict MSRs, direct action against
batteries, mortar and sniper attacks.
Friendly Counteraction Maneuver clears MSR prior to move,
establishes TCPs, requests radar coverage
from division artillery and digs in.
Fire Support Task(s) Destroy enemy reconnaissance elements.
Decision Points
INTEL NAI 12 and 15.
TAI
Collection Advance parties.
FA Task Destroy enemy reconnaissance.
Task(s) Purpose Destroy enemy reconnaissance to allow
FA OPS unobserved movement of all brigade units.
Method
Priority PRIORITIES OF FIRE: 2-1 Infantry,
1-17 Infantry, Task Force 1-10.
PRIORITY TARGETS: A Battery, AB
7005; B Battery, AB 3015.
Allocation BATTERY TASKS: A: establishes TCP,
position and operates deception radar.
Escort Blade Team to TOC, set up LZ for
Class IV and V, collect NAI 15.
B: protect radar, occupy with priority to
radar, establish TCP Escort Blade Team to
A, set up LZ for Class IV, & V, collect NAI
12.
SURVEY: Team 1 moves with A Battery.
Team 2 moves with B Battery. Priority:
Radar, B, A, 2-1 Mortar, 1-17 Mortar.
RADAR: Primary Search AZ - 3100 ALT
AZ - 1800.
METDO: Scheduled: 221000, 222100,
230600 Sept.
Critical Event or Setting the Defense

Time
FA Restrictions MUNITIONS: Brigade commander will

clear use of illumination.
Task(s)
FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION
MEASURES: CFL is phase line Blue.
Effects EFFECT ON ENEMY: All recon
elements destroyed.
LOCATION OF BATTERIES AT END
OF FAT: A Battery and deception radar in
Position Area 3, APF 3000; B Battery and
radar in position area 4, AOF 3200.
SPT M/CM/S Blade Team 2 operational control
OPS (OPCON) to B 221500 to 222300 Sept.
OPCON to A 222315 to 230900 Sept.
OPCON to TOC 230990 to 231500 Sept.
Priority to survivability, CM: Priority of
support: B, A, TOC.
CBRN
ADA Avenger Team 3 OPCON to B Battery
221800.
Sustainment B: Six A-22 bags of wire and pickets and
220 rounds of high explosives/rear area
(Class I, III, IV, V
protection air delivery 221800Sep.
Maint, Medic)
A: Four A-22 bags of wire and pickets and
180 rounds of high explosives/rear area
protection air delivery 221800Sep.
Ground logistics package on 231000Sep
for Class I.
C2 SPL pickup zone control for Class IV & V.
Risk Ambushes on MSRs, mortar attacks before
defense is set.
External Coordination Brigade combat team for maneuver force to
clear MSR and division artillery for radar
coverage.
Notes & Planning
Factors
Table D-1
Appendix E
Steps 5, 6, and 7: Course of Action Comparison,
Approval, and Orders Production
Figure E-1
Course of Action Comparison Matrix Worksheet

Criteria Weight COA 1 COA 2 COA 3
Accomplishment 4 1 3 2
of FATs
(4) (12) (8)
Logistical 3 2 3 1
Resupply
(6) (9) (3)
Field Artillery 3 2 1 3
Maneuver
(6) (3) (9)
C2 3 1 3 2
(3) (9) (6)
Counter-fire 2 3 2 1
Operations
(6) (4) (2)
Simplicity 3 1 2 3
(3) (6) (9)
Survey Ops 1 1 2 3
(1) (2) (3)
Maneuver and 1 2 1 3
Mobility Support
(2) (1) (3)
Ops
Force Protection 3 1 3 2
(3) (9) (6)
Future Ops 2 3 2 1
(6) (4) (2)
Numerical Total 17 22 21
Weighted Total
(40) (59) (51)
Table E-1
Field Artillery Support Plan Outline

(Classification)
Copy No. __ of __ copies
Unit preparing order
Geographical location
Date-time group (DTG) of order
APPENDIX __ (FIELD ARTILLERY SUPPORT PLAN [FASP]) TO
ANNEX __ (FIRE SUPPORT [FS]) TO OPORD
Reference: List any maps, charts, or other documents (tactical standing
operating procedures [TSOPs], and so on) required to understand the order.
Reference to a map will include the map series number (and country or
geographic area, if required), sheet number (and name if required), edition,
scale (if required), and the force common datum (see note below) from a
global positioning system (GPS) (specify type of GPS and datum used) or
from the center of the lower margin on a map. Reference listed here should
not be reprinted in tabs unless tabs are separated from the basic document.
Note: Universal transverse mercator coordinates from the same point
computed on a different datum may differ as much as 900 meters.
Time Zone Used Throughout Order: The time zone applicable to the
operation. Times in other zones are converted to this zone for this operation.
Consistency must be maintained through all documents.
1. Situation. Paragraph 1 is used exclusively to provide information. It
includes items of information affecting FA operations that may or may
not be included in the fires paragraph of the maneuver operation order
(OPORD)/operation plan (OPLAN) or the fire support annex. It gives
an overview of the general situation so subordinate commanders can
understand the environment in which they will be operating. If all organic,
attached, or supporting commanders do not receive complete copies of
the maneuver OPORD/OPLAN and the fire support annex, then the FASP
repeats those items critical to the execution of their missions.
a. Enemy Forces. Subparagraph 1a provides enemy information vital
to the FA unit. This includes enemy indirect fire capabilities that may
influence FS activities, the ground threat, the air threat, counterfire
threat, and any other enemy information of particular relevance
to FA units. Reference may be made to an intelligence annex, an
overlay, a periodic intelligence report, or to an intelligence summary
(INTSUM). Consider using the intelligence annex as a tab.
b. Friendly Forces. Subparagraph 1b contains the missions and

commanders intent of higher headquarters (HQ) (two levels up)
and/or that of supported maneuver elements. Missions of adjacent,
supporting, and reinforcing units also may be outlined here.
Information should be limited to that which subordinate commanders
need to know to accomplish their missions. The supported maneuver
commanders intent for fire support as well as the force FA
commanders intent during general support and general support
reinforcing missions are included.
c. Attachments and Detachments. Subparagraph 1c should list units
attached to and detached from the FA unit (if not included clearly in
the task organization), the terms of attachment, and effective DTGs,
if appropriate.
d. Assumptions. If the FASP supports an OPLAN, assumptions may
be required. If the FASP is part of an OPORD, assumptions are not
included.
2. Mission. Paragraph 2 is a clear, concise statement of the task the FA unit
is to accomplish. As a minimum, it should answer the questions, who, what,
when, where, and why. It includes essential tasks, essential field artillery
tasks (EFATs)/essential fire support tasks (EFSTs), determined by the
commander as a result of his mission analysis.
3. Execution. Paragraph 3 contains the how-to information needed for
mission accomplishment. The FA battalion commanders intent is expressed
here. The intent should briefly address the purpose of the FA fires, the
methods used by the force to reach the end state (e.g., EFSTs/EFATS that
must be accomplished, guidance on movements, methods of survivability),
and the end state (address criteria for success).
a. Concept of Operations. Subparagraph 3a is a detailed statement
of the FA commanders visualization of the conduct of FA support for
the operation by phase to the desired end state. The concept clarifies
the purpose of the operation (by phase), then how FA will support it.
It is a detailed explanation of the commanders intent. It is stated in
enough detail to ensure appropriate action by subordinate units in the
absence of more specific instructions. This paragraph may include
a summary of the maneuver concept by phase for units that do not
receive the maneuver OPORD.
b. Organization for Combat. Subparagraph 3b is a clear statement

of the organization and tactical missions of the subordinate units
of the FA HQ. Organization for combat normally will be done by
various phases corresponding to the operation (if changes occur).
Anticipated on order changes to organization or tactical missions are
included in this subparagraph.
c. * * *
d. * * *
e. * * *
f. Coordinating Instructions. The last subparagraph in paragraph
3 is coordinating instructions. It includes instructions and details
of coordination applicable to two or more subordinate FA units.
Instructions included in the subparagraph also may be addressed
in tabs to the FASP. If a separate tab is developed, include in the
coordinating instructions subparagraph only items of general interest,
with details placed in the tab. If a tab is prepared, reference it in the
body of the FASP. This subparagraph should include instructions
concerning the following:
Target acquisition (TA) (includes counterfire reference grid and
instructions to or about specific observers).
Survey (includes priorities for survey, accuracys required [if other
than TSOP], timing, position requirements, future plans, spheroid,
datum, ellipsoid, codes [for position azimuth determining system
backup computer system, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data
System (AFATDS)], datum codes used, time zone letter, and grid
zone).
Automated/manual fire control/fire direction instructions,
especially coordination requirements with units with similar, but
not identical, automated systems. Major subordinate unit taskings
and changes from concept of operations standard operating
procedures (SOPs) are identified here.
High-payoff target list (taken directly from maneuver OPORD/
OPLAN).
Attack guidance matrix. (This may appear as a matrix in a tab.
Its taken directly from the maneuver OPORD/OPLAN. (Specific
automated commanders criteria are found in the Initial Fire
Support Automated System [IFSAS], fault detection system
[FDS], Lightweight Tactical Fire Direction System [LTACFIRE],
or AFATDS Tab).
Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense (includes mission-

oriented protective posture, operation exposure guidance, and
decontamination instructions/locations).
Met (includes source, type, and times of met messages).
Liaison requirements.
Fire plan (includes target list, schedules of fires, and fire support
coordination measures [FSCMs]).
Commanders critical information requirement, priority
intelligence requirement, essential elements of friendly
information, friendly force information requirement and other
intelligence datum/information as appropriate.
Intelligence acquisition tasks.
Ammunition restrictions (includes expenditure restrictions,
approval requirements, and risk limitations).
Antifratricide measures (such as vehicle markings) that are not
TSOP.
Rehearsals.
4. Service Support. Paragraph 4 includes specific service support
instructions and arrangements supporting the operation. The commanders
guidance regarding combat service support (CSS) will be here. Supply,
maintenance, medical, and personnel information are included in this
paragraph. As a minimum, the controlled supply rate (CSR) and the
CSS locations (combat trains, field trains, casualty collection points,
logistics resupply point [LRP], ammunition transfer point [ATP], and/or
ammunition supply point [ASP]) should be given. Address only those CSS
aspects that apply to the operation. Address the pertinent aspects of the six
tactical logistic functions of manning, arming, fueling, fixing, moving and
sustaining soldiers and their systems. These functions should be addressed
in turns of before, during, and after the operation.
a. Manning Current personnel strength (percentage), project
replacements.
b. Arming Ammunition resupply, CSR, ATP, ASP.
c. Fueling Fuel points, priority of refuel.
d. Fixing Unit maintenance collection point location, allocation of
recovery assets, maintenance and recovery priorities, cannibalization
authority.
e. Moving Locations of main supply route, start point, release

point, and checkpoints along the route, priorities of movement on
MSRs.
f. Sustaining Medical resupply, barrier materials, restricted issue
or controlled exchange items, mortuary affairs, chaplain information,
water points, locations of battalion aid station, casualty collection
point, chemical casualty collection points, civil-military cooperation.
(Paragraph 4 may be amplified in a tab.)
5. Command and Signal
a. Command. The first paragraph should list the locations of the
unit TOC and the locations of higher, supporting, and supported unit
TOCs. The commanders planned location during the operation, and
alternate command post can be in this paragraph. Plans should also
address any alternate battalion fire direction center arrangements not
covered in, or that are changed from, unit SOP. Other automated C2
systems used or interface requirements (such as maneuver control
system), and any particular aspects for their use also are included
here. Address succession of command if other than TSOP.
b. Signal. This subparagraph contains the index of the effective
signal operation instruction to include edition in effect and courier
schedule. Special instructions on the use of radios, wire, mission
support element, Enhanced Position Location Reporting System,
retransmission elements (location and priority) and signals not
covered in TSOP are included here.
Acknowledge:
ISSUING COMMANDERS NAME/RANK
Official:
/Signed/
S-3 NAME
Approval: The original/file copy bears the signature of the FA battalion
commander. The S-3 authenticates all other copies, which are disseminated
to subordinate and reinforcing/reinforced FA units, any attached or
supporting elements, and force FA HQ.
Tabs:
A
B
C
Note: Tabs should be prepared for portions of the FASP that are explained
better in a different format (for example, overlay or matrix), that are too
extensive to be in the FASP, that are expected to change or lengthen, or
that are submitted too late to be included. Often subordinate units will
not receive the basic maneuver OPORD/OPLAN or fire support annex.
Therefore, reprints of portions of these documents may be required and
included as tabs.
Tabs are ordered as they are referenced in the basic OPORD or OPLAN.
The TSOP may specify that some tabs will always be produced. Common
tabs used at battalion level include:
Forward air support munition FA tactical operation center (TOC).
FA positioning and movement overlay FA TOC.
Fire plan (S-3 may refer to plan names and subordinate elements, can
print out target list, schedules of fires and FSCM instead of developing
a separate tab) fire support element (FSE).
Survey FA regional security officer.
TA FA TOC.
AFATDS, LTACFIRE, FDS, or IFSAS FA TOC.
Other tabs used if time permits:
Intelligence (INTSUM, overlay, annex, or PIR and information
requirement lists) maneuver/higher FA HQ TOC.
Service support and CSS overlay FA air line of communications.
Maneuver overlays maneuver/higher FA HQ TOC.
Met Force FA HQ.
Task organization (may be attached from OPORD).
Obstacle overlay maneuver/higher FA HQ TOC.
Rules of engagement maneuver/higher FA HQ TOC.
Air defense artillery, engineer, and other supporting element plans as

appropriate.
Special distribution items (such as antifratricide prevention
information).
Field Artillery Support Plan Briefing Agenda

Briefer Topics
S-3 Operation Overview

Area of interest and area of operation.
Intent of higher headquarters, two levels up.
Critical assumptions.
S-2 Updated Intelligence Running Estimates
Weather analysis (focus on impact on field artillery [FA]
operations).
Terrain analysis (focus on impact on FA operations).
Enemy situation.
Current disposition of enemy forces.
Most likely enemy course of action (COA).
Most dangerous enemy COA.
Enemy air threat and routes.
Probability of enemy use of chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear (CBRN).
Greatest threats to firing batteries, tactical operations center,
and air line of communications.
Projected enemy timeline.
S-3 Operation Brief
Mission.
Review field artillery tasks (FATs).
Task organization.
Commanders intent (commander discusses).
Concept of the operation.
Tasks/purposes to subordinate elements.
Survey plan.
Control measures.
Coordinating instructions.
Briefer Topics
S-4 Sustainment
Concept of support.
Water distribution plan.
Fuel distribution plan.
Ammunition distribution plan.
Maintenance priorities and recovery plan.
S-1 Personnel and Services
Running estimates of casualties by battery and replacement rates.
Casualty evacuation plan.
S-6 Command and signal
XO Timeline (real time based off of network time/global positioning
system).
CSM Comments.
CDR Risk assessment/comments.
Table E-2
Appendix F
Steps for Conducting a Rehearsal
Step Action/Activity Person
1. Supervise the setup of rehearsal tool(s). XO/S-3

2. Conduct roll call. OPS NCO
3. Orient participants to the rehearsal tool(s). XO
4. Discuss the rules for conducting rehearsal. XO
5. Define the standards for success. XO
6. Appoint recorder. XO
7. Verbal walk-through of the concept of operations. S-3
8. Review commanders intent. CDR
9. Outline critical events to be rehearsed. S-3
10. Portray enemy situation at first (most) critical event S-2
(focus discussion on what firing batteries will see).
11. Portray the friendly situation at first critical event. S-3
12. Each major participant discusses his elements role in Element
the event (brief by order listed on the synchronization Leaders
matrix).
13. Ensure that all participants brief and their actions are XO/S-3
synchronized in accordance with the synchronization
matrix.
14. Repeat steps 10-12 for each critical event. S-3
15. If standard is not met, rehearse again. XO
16. Ensure all issues are resolved, changes are posted to XO/S-3
decision support template and changes published in a
fragmentary order.
Table F-1
Appendix G
References
Field Manual 5-0, March 2010, The Operational Process.
Center for Army Lessons Learned Newsletter No. 99-11, An Artillerization
of the Military Decisionmaking Process (MDMP).
Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 5-0.1, September 2011,
Commander and Staff Officer Guide.
Army Training and Doctrine Publication 5-0, May 2012, The Operations
Process.
White Paper, 15 December 2008, Fire Support Planning for the BCT and
Below, Fort Sill, OK.
Battle Command Training Center, December 2012, Fires and Army Battle
Command System MDMP training slides.
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MDMP and the Field Artillery Support Plan

Center For Army Lessons Learned

Techniques and Procedures

commander on current howitzer, radar, meteorological measuring set,

Step 2: Mission Analysis

Concurrently, each staff section updates its running estimates to ensure it

Appendix B, Step 2: Mission Analysis, includes a planning action checklist

Step 3: Course of Action Development

exclusive use of the terrain before developing a scheme of maneuver for

The final step of COA development is to conduct a quality control test

Step 4: Course of Action Analysis

Establishing traffic control points around battery positions and digging

Step 5: Courses of Action Comparison

Step 6: Course of Action Approval

After selecting or approving the COA, the commander should review

Step 7: Orders Production

The battalion has not posted assets on enemy objectives or avenues of

Supervising Preparation for and Execution of the Field

Location of the nearest ambulance exchange point.

Observers can communicate through the appropriate channels to

Executive Officers Timeline Worksheet

Parallel Planning/Send WO No. 1 S-3

Mission Analysis Worksheet

Products of Mission Analysis Worksheet

Facts. Restated mission.

Specified tasks (to include fire List of critical shortages.

Implied tasks. Modified combined obstacle

Essential tasks and field artillery Situational templates.

List of constraints. Initial commanders critical

List of restrictions. Commanders guidance.

Checklist for Commanders Guidance

Type of order to issue.

Distinguishable: If COA significantly different from other COAs

Steps During Wargaming

Assumptions necessary to continue planning.

Wargaming Synchronization Matrix

Friendly Action Move firing batteries and prepare defense.

Critical Event or Setting the Defense

FA Restrictions MUNITIONS: Brigade commander will

Course of Action Comparison Matrix Worksheet

Field Artillery Support Plan Outline

b. Friendly Forces. Subparagraph 1b contains the missions and

b. Organization for Combat. Subparagraph 3b is a clear statement

Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense (includes mission-

e. Moving Locations of main supply route, start point, release

Air defense artillery, engineer, and other supporting element plans as

Field Artillery Support Plan Briefing Agenda

S-3 Operation Overview