Concrete Technology

Do. Dr.
Halit YAZICI
D. E. U. Civil Engineering Department
http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/halit.yazici/
AMA: BETON TEKNOLOJS DERSNDEK BLGLER
PEKTRMEK ve NGLZCE TERMLER RETMEK
DERS UYGULAMA EKL:

SUNUM EKLNDE
DERSE DEVAM ZORUNLUDUR !!!!
%40 Vize + %10 dev + % 50 Final
Neville A.M. (1995) Properties of Concrete, Longman Scientific and

Technical
SINAV:
KLASK
Concrete
Man made stone

Cement
Pozzolans
Aggregates
Concrete
Concrete properties
Properties of concrete
Workability
Segregation
Bleeding
Strength
Elasticity
Shrinkage
Creep
Durability
Basic Properties of Concrete
Workability
Durability
Strength
Properties of Materials
Mechanical : Define the behavior of the materials
under loads. (Strength, elasticity, plasticity, ductility,
hardness, etc.)
Physical : Density, porosity, moisture content, shape,
surface texture, etc.
Chemical : Oxide or compound composition
Physico-chemical : Shrinkage, swelling
Thermal : Conductivity
Acoustical : Sound transmission or absorption
Optical : Color
Concrete
is a mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates,
and in some cases, admixtures.
The cement and water form a paste that hardens and
bonds the aggregates together.
Concrete is often looked upon as man made rock.
Concrete As A Material
Concrete, literally, forms the basis our modern life:
Roadways/transportation systems
Airstrips
Infrastructure (bridges, dams, buildings)
Harbor protection (breakwalls)
Water distribution (pipes & conduit)
Roman Aqueduct & Pantheon
Concrete
The word concrete originates from the Latin verb
concretus, which means to grow together.
3000 BCEgyptian Pyramids
The Egyptians were using early forms of

concrete over 5000 years ago to build
pyramids. They mixed mud and straw to
form bricks and used gypsum and lime to
make mortars.
300 BC - 476 ADRoman Architecture
The ancient Romans used a material that is
remarkably close to modern cement to build
many of their architectural marvels, such as the
Colosseum, and the Pantheon.
1824Portland Cement Invented
Joseph Aspdin of England is credited with
the invention of modern portland cement.
He named his cement portland, after a rock
quary that produced very strong stone.
1836Cement Testing
The first test of tensile and compressive
strength took place in Germany.
1889 Alvord Lake Bridge
The first concrete reinforced bridge
was built in San Francisco. The
bridge still exists today.
1891 Concrete Street
The first concrete street was built in
Bellefontaine, Ohio.
.
1903The Ingalls Building
The first concrete high rise was built in
Cincinnati, Ohio. This building has
sixteen stories and was a great
engineering feat of its time.
1908Concrete Homes
Thomas Edison designed and built the
first concrete homes in Union, New
Jersey.
1913Ready Mix
The first load of ready mix was
delivered in Baltimore, Maryland.
1930Air Entraining Agents
Air entraining agents were used for the first
time in cement to resist against damage
from freezing and thawing.
1936Hoover Dam
The Hoover Dam was built along the
Colorado River, bordering Arizona and
Nevada. It was the largest scale concrete
project ever completed.
1950'sDecorative Concrete Developed
1970'sFiber Reinforcement
Fiber reinforcement was introduced as a
way to strengthen concrete.
1992Tallest Concrete Building
The tallest reinforced concrete building was
built in Chicago, Illinois. The 65-story
building.
1995Tallest Reinforced
Concrete Building- Petronas
2010Tallest Reinforced
Concrete Building
Burj Khalifa
Tallest existing structure: 829.84 m
Tallest structure ever built: 829.84 m
World's fastest elevators: 64 km/h
Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building):
606 m
Advantage of Concrete
We have the ability to cast desired shapes
Arches, piers, columns, shells
Properties can be tailored according to need

(strength, durability, etc.)
Ability to resist high temperatures
Will maintain structural integrity far longer than
structural steel
Does not require protective coatings
Can be an architectural & structural member at the

same time
The Nature of Concrete
It is a composite material
Aggregates are 65% - 80% of the volume
Fine aggregate: sand
Coarse aggregate: crushed stone
Cement: General term & applies to any binder
Portland cement
fly ash
ground slag
silica fume
Water
Demand for concrete with higher strength and
better quality, coupled with larger and faster
mixer trucks, led to the emergence of the ready-
mix concrete industry in the post-World War II
period.
The ready-mix concrete producer has made
concrete an appropriate construction material for
many applications.
With proper materials and techniques,
concrete can withstand many acids, water,
fire, and abrasion.
Concrete can be finished to produce
surfaces ranging from glass-smooth to
coarsely textured, and it can be colored
with pigments or painted.
Concrete has substantial strength in
compression, but is weak in tension.
Most structural uses, such as beams,
involve reinforced concrete, which
depends on concrete's strength in
compression and steel's strength in
tension.
Since concrete is a structural material, strength is a
desirable property.
Properties of concrete
Workability
Segregation
Bleeding
Strength
Elasticity
Shrinkage
Creep
Durability
Properties of fresh concrete
Workability
ease of placement
resistance to segregation
homogeneous mass
Consistency
ability to flow
Workability
Easily mixed, handled, transported, placed in position and
compacted
Segregation
Separation of constituent materials of concrete
Creates larger voids and reduces the durability and strength
Bleeding
Water from concrete comes out of the surface
Produces pores in concrete and reduces strength.
Strength
Compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength
Elasticity
Concrete is not an elastic material
Influenced by elastic properties of aggregate, mix
proportion, age of concrete, type of cement
Shrinkage
Change in volume of concrete due to loss of moisture at
different stages
Affects strength and durability
Leads to the formation of cracks
Depends on constituents of concrete, size of member,
amount of water present in concrete and environmental
conditions
Creep
Gradual increase in strain without increase in stress, with
time
Depends on stress in concrete, age at loading and duration of
loading
Durability
Ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion
or any other process of deterioraton
Factors affecting are environment, cover to embedded steel,
type and quality of constituent materials, cement content
and water cement ratio, workmanship to obtain full
compaction, efficient curing and shape and size of
member
Types of concrete
Reinforced cement concrete
Fibre reinforced concrete
Ferrocement
Light weight concrete
Ready-mixed concrete
Shotcrete
Polymer concrete
Components of Concrete
Portland Cement
Aggregate - sand, gravel, crushed rock
Water
Admixtures - when necessary
Concrete is a construction material composed of
cement (typically Portland cement) as well as
other cementitious materials such as fly ash and
slag, cement, aggregate,(generally a coarse
aggregate such as gravel, limestone or granite,
plus a fine aggregate such as sand), water, and
chemical admixtures that can affect the character
of the concrete.
Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with
water and placement due to a chemical process
known as hydration.
The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the
other components together, eventually creating a
stone-like material.
Portland Cement
Dry powder of very fine particles
forms a paste when mixed with water
chemical reaction-Hydration
paste coats all the aggregates together
hardens and forms a solid mass
Aggregates
cheap fillers
hard material
provide for volume stability
reduce volume changes
provide abrasion resistance
Admixtures
chemical
set retarders
set accelerators
water reducing
air entraining
mineral
fly ash
silica fume
slags
Admixtures and additives
Accelators
Admixtures which accelerate hardening/ development
of early strength.
Sodium carbonate,aluminiium chloride, potassium
carbonate, sodium aluminate etc
Set retarders
Admixtures which delay the setting of concrete
Common sugar, carbohydrate derivative
Water reducers(plasticizers)
To achieve higher strength by decreasing water cement ratio
To achieve same workability by decreasing cement content
To increase the workability
DEV aklamas
Her renci eitli anahtar kelimelerle arama yapacak
(cement, concrete, high performance concrete, durability of
concrete, fly ash, silica fume, sea water effect, fiber reinforced
concrete vb. onlarca anahtar kelime ile arama yaplabilir)
Her renci setii BR makalenin pdf lerini indirerek bu
makaleyi inceleyecek ve kendi cmleleri ile Trke evirisini
kartacaktr. Otomatik eviri programlar kullanlmayacaktr.
ekiller orijinal eklin zerine elle Trke aklama yazlarak
kullanlabilir
Trke aklama ve orijinal makale ile birlikte dev formatna
uygun halde sunulacaktr (rnein spiral cilt vb.)
rencilerin ayn makaleyi seme olasl dktr. Byle bir
durumda iki dev kyaslamal deerlendirilecektir. Kopya varsa
dikkate alnacaktr. Ayn makaleyi sememeye zen gsteriniz.
Setiiniz makalenin orijinal sayfa adedi 6 sayfadan az
olmamaldr (referanslar vb. her ey dahil)..teknik not gibi ok
ksa makaleleri semeyiniz..
DEV TESLM TARH :
DNEM SONUNA 2-3 HAFTA KALA DERSTE
TOPLANACAKTIR
Do. Dr. Halit YAZICI
D. E. U. Civil Engineering Department
http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/halit.yazici/

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Do. Dr.

D. E. U. Civil Engineering Department

DERS UYGULAMA EKL:

DERSE DEVAM ZORUNLUDUR !!!!

%40 Vize + %10 dev + % 50 Final

Neville A.M. (1995) Properties of Concrete, Longman Scientific and

Man made stone

The Egyptians were using early forms of

Properties can be tailored according to need

Does not require protective coatings

Can be an architectural & structural member at the

D. E. U. Civil Engineering Department

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