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Lamp and Rest

The document discusses the LAMP stack and REST for building dynamic websites and web applications. It defines LAMP as Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It describes REST as using HTTP commands like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to define interfaces and make requests to resources. It provides an example of a RESTful task list application and how it could be implemented in Python using Flask and stored in a database like MongoDB.

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radiumtau
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77 views25 pages

Lamp and Rest

The document discusses the LAMP stack and REST for building dynamic websites and web applications. It defines LAMP as Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It describes REST as using HTTP commands like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to define interfaces and make requests to resources. It provides an example of a RESTful task list application and how it could be implemented in Python using Flask and stored in a database like MongoDB.

Uploaded by

radiumtau
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Skills

Development

LAMP and REST

Amy Krause
Outline

What is LAMP?
What is REST?
Introduction to REST
An example REST application
Building the LAMP stack

2 2
What is LAMP

Originally
LAMP = Linux Apache MySQL PHP
Now refers to a software stack model for building dynamic
websites and web applications
Components can vary
Now
Web Server + Database + Scripting Language

3
LAMP in a picture

Web server

Client CGI

Database

4
LAMP software stacks

Web server, e.g.


Apache
Tomcat
NGINX

CGI: Common gateway interface


PHP
Python: Django/Flask/CherryPy
Java: Java EE/JSP/Grails
Ruby/Rails

Database:
SQL: MySQL/PostgreSQL/Oracle/SQLServer/SQLite/
NoSQL: MongoDB/
Cassandra/HBase/

5
Linux

Easy to install a LAMP stack on most Linux distributions


Providing setup through packaging manager

Choose a server-side scripting language


Processes input from the client (browser) and generates resulting
web pages
Should provide good text processing facilities
Hence the popularity of Perl and Python

Choose a database
SQL or NoSQL? Vendor?

Choose a web server


Support for your scripting language
Should handle authentication and load balancing

6
What is REST

REpresentational State Transfer


Interfaces defined with HTTP commands
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

Common architecture
Stateless
Resource representation
State transitions

7
REST

A resource is an object with a set of operations that can be


applied to it:
GET: show information about a resource
POST: create a new resource
Returns the URL of the resource

PUT: update or create a named resource


DELETE: delete a resource
Resources can be grouped into collections.

8
A RESTful example

Task list with RESTful interface


Tasks are resources
What kinds of methods do we need?
Create a new task
List all tasks
Read task details
Tick off a task when
its done

9
A RESTful example

How does this translate to a REST interface?

Create a new task: POST


List all tasks: GET
Read task details: GET
Change a task: PUT
Mark task as done: DELETE

10
Example of a client interaction

Method Activity
1 GET List all tasks
2 POST Create a new task
3 GET Check the task was created
4 GET <id> Get the task info
5 PUT <id> Update the task
6 GET <id> Check the task was updated
7 DELETE <id> Remove the task
8 GET Check the task was removed

11
Example: Implementation in Python

Now were going to build a RESTful web service in Python


Using flask (http://flask.pocoo.org/)

12
Hello World!

from flask import Flask


app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route(/)
def hello():
return Hello World!

13
RESTful Python using flask
GET

@app.route(/<task_id>)
def get_task(task_id):
return tasks[task_id]

POST

@app.route(/, methods=[POST])
def add_task():
task_id = uuid.uuid4()
tasks[task_id] = request.form

14
RESTful Python using flask
@app.route(/<task_id>,
methods=[GET,
PUT,
DELETE])
def task_resource(task_id):
task = tasks[task_id]

if request.method == PUT:
task = json.loads(request.data)
tasks[task_id] = task

elif request.method == DELETE:


del tasks[task_id]

return task

15
Deploying to a web server

Flask includes a simple web server for testing


Debug mode available

$ python hello.py
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/

Can be deployed to a proper web server (e.g. Apache,


NGINX) that supports WSGI
WSGI: Web Server Gateway Interface for Python web applications
Web server handles authentication, load balancing, etc.

16
Client example

17
Another client example

Using the command line tool cURL(http://curl.haxx.se/)

curl X POST
d {name:
Write test for new feature}
http://localhost:5000/

18
Database

In the task example we didnt use a persistent data storage


Tasks are stored in memory
Not robust (data is lost if the server goes down)
Not thread-safe (clients writing to the same task)
Not scalable or distributed (many clients access at the same time)

Add database access to address issues


Query the database to retrieve a list of tasks or information on a
specific task
Update the database to create or remove a task
Database access is usually thread-safe and transactional

19
Adding a database: Requirements

Task archive: Store and retrieve tasks


Query: Find a task by name or other features
Persistent storage: Tasks are not lost when the server is
down
Concurrent access: Write operations must be atomic on the
level of a task

20
Database example: MongoDB

There are many database vendors and products that can be


used as storage solutions
MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MongoDB, HBase, Cassandra,

Choose the database solution for your use case and the
queries you will run
NoSQL or SQL, distributed or single server,

For our example we will use MongoDB


MongoDB is available for many platforms; easy to install
Unpack and start up

21
MongoDB clients

Example: Python MongoDB client

import pymongo

client = MongoClient()
tasks = client.db.collection

22
Database example: MongoDB

Add a task:
tasks.insert_one(task)

Retrieve a task:

tasks.find_one({name: task_id})

And more complicated queries!

23
Our example in a picture

Apache with WSGI

Browser Flask
curl
REST client

MongoDB

24
Conclusion

Web services are everywhere


LAMP is a standard software stack
Based on REST
Defines server interfaces with a standard set of methods
Easy to build applications

25

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