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    ESE558 Digital Image Processing

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    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    This document outlines the syllabus and topics covered for a Digital Image Processing course taught in Spring 2007. The syllabus includes fundamentals of image processing, image enhancement techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains, image sampling and quantization, image restoration, color image processing, image compression, and image reconstruction. Assignments are 40% of the grade, homework is 10%, a midterm is 20%, and a final exam is 30%. Example topics that will be covered include color vs grayscale images, file formats, 2D image representations, image sensing and acquisition methods, image projection, the image model, sampling and quantization effects, image resolution, aliasing, zooming and interpolation, relationships between pixels, and distance measures. The

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    ESE558 Digital Image Processing

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    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    265 views28 pages
    This document outlines the syllabus and topics covered for a Digital Image Processing course taught in Spring 2007. The syllabus includes fundamentals of image processing, image enhancement techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains, image sampling and quantization, image restoration, color image processing, image compression, and image reconstruction. Assignments are 40% of the grade, homework is 10%, a midterm is 20%, and a final exam is 30%. Example topics that will be covered include color vs grayscale images, file formats, 2D image representations, image sensing and acquisition methods, image projection, the image model, sampling and quantization effects, image resolution, aliasing, zooming and interpolation, relationships between pixels, and distance measures. The

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    slides for introductory graduate course or senior undergard course in image processing

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    This document outlines the syllabus and topics covered for a Digital Image Processing course taught in Spring 2007. The syllabus includes fundamentals of image processing, image enhancement techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains, image sampling and quantization, image restoration, color image processing, image compression, and image reconstruction. Assignments are 40% of the grade, homework is 10%, a midterm is 20%, and a final exam is 30%. Example topics that will be covered include color vs grayscale images, file formats, 2D image representations, image sensing and acquisition methods, image projection, the image model, sampling and quantization effects, image resolution, aliasing, zooming and interpolation, relationships between pixels, and distance measures. The

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    265 views28 pages

    ESE558 Digital Image Processing

    Uploaded by

    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    This document outlines the syllabus and topics covered for a Digital Image Processing course taught in Spring 2007. The syllabus includes fundamentals of image processing, image enhancement techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains, image sampling and quantization, image restoration, color image processing, image compression, and image reconstruction. Assignments are 40% of the grade, homework is 10%, a midterm is 20%, and a final exam is 30%. Example topics that will be covered include color vs grayscale images, file formats, 2D image representations, image sensing and acquisition methods, image projection, the image model, sampling and quantization effects, image resolution, aliasing, zooming and interpolation, relationships between pixels, and distance measures. The

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Digital Image Processing

    Spring 2007
    Sankalp Kallakuri
    [email protected]
    Books refererenced –
    Digital Image Processing by Gonzalez and Woods
    Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing by A K Jain
    Digital Picture Processing By Rosenfeld and Kak
    Syllabus
    • Fundamentals
    • Image Enhancement [spatial]
    • Image Enhancement [frequency]
    • Sampling and Quantization
    • Image Restoration
    • Color Image Processing
    • Image Compression
    • Image Reconstruction
    Syllabus
    • Grading:
    Assignments - 40%
    Homework - 10%
    Mid Term - 20%
    Final - 30%
    • Assignments:
    Matlab and C/C++
    IP 101
    • Colour images
    • Grey level images
    • File formats JPG BMP TIFF
    • 2D representations
    • Examples of Fields that use IP
    X-Rays, UV Imaging, IR Imaging, Satellite
    Images, Astronomy, License plates, Water
    Marking, Microwaves, MRI, sonograms,
    TEMs
    Image Processing System
    network

    Image Displays Processors Mass storage

    Hard Copy IP software


    Specialized IP
    Hardware

    Image Sensors

    Problem domain
    From Gonzalez and Woods
    Human Eye
    Vision Details

    • Lens Iris Pupil Cornea Retina


    • Rods / Cones [distribution number use]
    • Blind spot
    • Photopic[bright]/ Scotopic[dim]
    • Brightness adaptation
    • Weber Ratio
    Ic
    I
    Examples of Brightness perception

    Figures from Gonzalez and Woods


    Light and EM Spectrum

    • Wavelength = C/ frequency
    • Energy = h * frequency
    • Reflected light
    • Radiance is total amount of energy that flows
    from the light source
    • Luminance is the perceived from light source
    • Sensor design
    Image Sensing and Acquisition
    • Single , Line and Array
    • Array Strips
    • Linear , circular

    Bayer and RGB Filter type CCDS


    From wikipedia
    Projection
    • Perspective

    • Orthographic
    Image Model

    • f(x,y)
    • 0 < f(x,y) < 
    • f(x,y)=i(x,y)r(x,y)
    • i - illuminance r- reflectance
    • 0 < i(x,y) < 
    • 0 < r(x,y) < 1
    Sampling and Quantization

    • In 1 dimension
    • In 2 dimension
    • Effects of quantisation
    • Colour levels and bit requirements
    Signals
    sampling
    Quantization
    levels
    Sampled
    &
    Quantized
    signal
    Continuous phenomenon

    Two orthogonal sine waves


    added to each other Continuos Image
    Sampled and Quantised in 1 Dimension

    Quantized and sampled Effects are contour lines


    Sampled and Quantised

    Contour lines appear on both X and Y dimensions


    Bit Requirements

    • L=2K
    • b= M x N x K
    • Example:
    100 distinct colors needed to capture a
    phenomenon. How many bits would be
    needed to store an image of dimensions
    49x10?

    3430
    Resolution

    • Easier to change number of Pixels rather than


    number of grey levels.
    • Optimal number to use is until there is no
    discernible difference by increasing the number.
    • Isopreference Curves : curves on the N k plane
    • More detail fewer grey levels.
    • The higher grey levels will mean better contrast
    perception.
    Aliasing

    fl 0 fr

    -Fs 0 Fs
    Zooming and Interpolation

    • Simple zoom would leave blank spaces in the grid.


    • Nearest neighbor interpolation.
    • Repetition of pixels [integer zoom]
    • Bilinear Interpolation
    v(x,y)=ax+by+cxy+d

    • Shrinking done by removal of columns and rows.


    • In case of non integer shrink factor the grid Is zoomed
    out. Interpolation is performed and then rows and
    columns are stripped out.
    • Smoothing is useful before shrinking.
    Relationships between Pixels

    • Neighborhood N4(p) N8(p) ND(p)


    • 4 adjacency ,8 adjacency and m adjacency
    • Digital path
    • Connected Components
    • Connected Set [region]
    • Border
    • Edge [may be local ]
    Distance Measures
    • For Pixels p,q and z with coordinates (x,y) (s,t)
    and (v,w)
    • D(p,q) > 0 (D(p,q)=0 iff p=q)
    • D(p,q) = D(q,p)
    • D(p,z) < D(p,q) + D(q,z)
    • City block distance
    D4(p,q) = |x-s| + |y-t|
    • Chessboard Distance
    D8(p,q)=max(|x-s| + |y-t|)
    Home Work & Assignment

    • Label all images


    • Scripts should be commented.
    • A read me file should be attached.
    • Assignments shall be incremental.
    • So try and complete them by the deadlines.
    Homework -1
    • Learn how to read and write an image in matlab.
    • Learn basic syntax in Matlab.
    • Create a 256x256 2D array. Populate every row with a
    sine wave which rides on a DC level of 128 with Peak-
    Peak amplitude 220 , which has exactly two cycles fit in
    a row.
    • display this array as an image.
    • Create a 256x256 2D array. Populate every column with
    a sine wave which rides on a DC level of 10, with Peak-
    Peak amplitude 20, which has exactly 4 cycles fit in a
    column.
    • Add the two arrays
    • Display the sum array as an image

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