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Ee Cad Lab: Practical Manual

The document provides instructions for an experiment to design a salient pole synchronous machine using MATLAB. It includes the objective, apparatus used which is MATLAB 6.5 software, an example problem to determine suitable diameter and length values for a 75MVA 11kV synchronous alternator, the MATLAB code to solve the problem, sample output and precautions for the lab. The design involves calculating parameters like diameter, length, flux, turns per phase, current and conductor area.

Uploaded by

Pavan Khetrapal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views10 pages

Ee Cad Lab: Practical Manual

The document provides instructions for an experiment to design a salient pole synchronous machine using MATLAB. It includes the objective, apparatus used which is MATLAB 6.5 software, an example problem to determine suitable diameter and length values for a 75MVA 11kV synchronous alternator, the MATLAB code to solve the problem, sample output and precautions for the lab. The design involves calculating parameters like diameter, length, flux, turns per phase, current and conductor area.

Uploaded by

Pavan Khetrapal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KIET/EN/EECAD-Lab/4

PRACTICAL MANUAL
EE CAD Lab

To Design Salient Pole Synchronous Machine

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Experiment No. - 4

Object: To design salient pole synchronous machine

Apparatus Used:

S No. Software Specification/Version Qty.


1. MATLAB MATLAB 6.5 30 Users

Theory:

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PROBLEM :
Determine the suitable values for diameter and length of 75MVA 75000kVA, 11kV, 50Hz
3000r.p.m 3-phase connected salient pole alternator. Also determine value of flux conductor per
slot, number of turns per phase, size of armature conductor.
Given that:
avg. gap density = .6 tesla
electrical loading ac = 50,000
peripheral speed Va = 180m/sec
window space factor Kw = .95
current density J = 6amp/mm2 = 6106 amp/m

SOLUTION:

Given N = 3000 r.p.m


Ns = 3000/60 r.p.s = 50 r.p.s
Ns = 2f/P
therefore P = 2f/Ns = 100/50 = 2 poles.
Peripheral Speed Va = pi*D*Ns
Therefore D = Va/(pi*Ns) = 180/(3.14*50) = 1.14m
Co = 1.11pi2Bav ac Kw

we already have
Bav = .6 tesla and ac =50,000 and Kw = .95
Therefore Co = 1.11*3.142*.6*50000*.95 = 295492.2
D2L = P/(Co*Ns)
L = 75000/(295492.2*50*1.142) = 3.9 m
Now = pi*D*L*Bav = 3.14*1.14*3.8*.6 = 8.16 Wb
Therefore pole = 8.16/2 = 4 Wb
Tph = Eph/(4.44*f*Kw*pole) = (11000/3)/(4.44*50*.95*4) = 7.57 = 8
Iph = kVA/(3*Eph) = 75000/(3 * 11000) = 3936 amp
Total amp conductor AT = pi*D*ac = 178980
Total conductors per slot = AT/Iph = 45
Tph = Z/(2*phase) = 45/(2*3)
Stator conductor Zs = 6*Tph = 6*8 = 48
Area = Iph/J = 3936/6 = 656mm2

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MATLAB Program
function D_L_for_salient_pole_alternator()
% given
pole = 2;
Eline = 11000;
Po = 75000;
ac = 50000;
Va = 180;
Kw = .95;
J = 6;
N = 3000;
f = 50;
Bav = .6;
% Now
Ns = N/60;
P = (2*f)/Ns;
fprintf('\nProgram to calculate D and L for a salient pole alternator');
fprintf('\n-');
fprintf('\nSo diameter D = ');
D = Va/(pi*Ns);
disp(D);
% output coeffecient
Co = 1.11*pi*pi*Bav*ac*Kw;
L = (Po*10^3)/(Co*Ns*D*D);
fprintf('\nAnd Length L = ');
disp(L);
% Now flux phi
phi = pi*D*L*Bav;
phipole = phi/pole;
Eph = Eline/sqrt(3);
Tph = Eph/(4.44*f*Kw*phipole);
fprintf('\nTurns per phase = ');
disp(round(Tph));
Iph = (Po*10^3)/(3*Eph);
fprintf('\nCurrent per phase = ');
disp(Iph);

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% total amp conductors


AT = pi*D*ac;
fprintf('\nTotal amp conductors = ');
disp(AT);
% conductors per slot
Zs = AT/Iph ;
fprintf('\nTotal conductors per slot = ');
disp(round(Zs));
% stator conductors
Ss = 6*round(Tph);
fprintf('\nTotal stator conductors per slot = ');
disp(Ss);
% Area of conductors
Ac = Iph/J;
fprintf('\nArea of conductors Ac = ');
disp(Ac);
fprintf('\n');
fprintf('\nCreated by MasoodRizvi')
end

PROGRAM OUTPUT
Program to calculate D and L for a salient pole alternator
So diameter D = 1.1459
And Length L = 3.6586
Turns per phase = 8
Current per phase = 3.9365e+003
Total amp conductors = 180000
Total conductors per slot = 46
Total stator conductors per slot = 48
Area of conductors Ac = 656.0799

Result :- we will be got same result as manually find out.

Precaution:-

1. Never Switch Off the Supply mains without proper shutting down the computer.
2. Dont keep the bags on the computer table.
3. Dont disturb settings of computer.
4. Dont use the computer for playing games.
5. Use internet only for project and seminar work.
6. Always LOG OFF the computer before leaving the lab.
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Viva Quotations:-

1. List the factors to be considered for the choice of number of slots.


Ans: The factors to be considered for the choice of number of slots are
(1) Balanced winding (2) Cost (3) Host-spot temperature in winging (4)Leakage
reactance (5) Tooth losses (6) Tooth flux density.

2. What is the limiting factor for the diameter of synchronous machine?


Ans: The limiting factor for the diameter of synchronous machine is the peripherals peed. The
limiting value of peripheral speed is 175 m/sec for cylindrical rotor machines and 80m/sec
for salient pole machines.

3. What are the factors that influence the choice of specific magnetic loading in synchronous
machines?
Ans: (i) Iron loss (ii) Voltage (iii) Transient short circuit current (iv) stability

4. What is the general system requirements of alternator?


Ans: For the generation of emf, there should be two basic systems.
(i) magnetic field system to produce the magnetic field
(ii) Armature system which houses the conductors on which the EMF is to be induced.

5. What are the advantages of stationary armature and rotating field system?

Ans: (i) The stationary armature coils can be insulated easily.


(ii) Higher peripheral speed can be achieved in the rotor.
(iii) Cooling of the winding is more efficient.
(iv) Only two slip rings are required to give DC supply to the field system
(v) Output current can be easily supplied to the load circuit. Slip-rings and brushes are not
necessary.
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of short-pitched winding?

Ans: The advantages are


1. They save copper for end connections
2. They improve the waveform of the generated EMF.
3. The generated EMF can be made to approximate to a sine wave more easily and the
distorting harmonics can be reduced.

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Industrial application:-

1. Synchronous motors or Synchronous condensers are used in generating stations and in


substations connected to the bus-bars to improve the power factor. Advantage of
synchronous condensers compared to shunt capacitors is that shunt capacitors generate
constant reactive power whereas on the other hand synchronous condensers can able to
deliver different reactive power levels by varying the excitation of machine.
2. Because of the higher efficiency compared to induction motors they can be employed for
loads which require constant speeds. Some of the typical applications of high speed
synchronous motors are such drives as fans, blowers, dc generators, line shafts, centrifugal
pumps, compressors, reciprocating pumps, rubber and paper mills
3. Synchronous motors are used to regulate the voltage at the end of transmission lines. In
textile and paper industries synchronous motors are employed to attain wide range of
speeds with variable frequency drive system

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