1. Label the pictures meteorite, ol spill, volcanic eruption and wildfire. Then discuss the questions in pairs. 11 Which of these are natural events, and which — a least partly are man-made? 2. How much medi coverage does each receive? Why? 3 How would you fee! if you witnessed each one? Use some ofthe C-level adjectives in the box below. lamed appalled. digusted distressed helloce | hysterical intted overwhelmed specchlees unsoo | 2 Look at the exam task instructions and options A-H in both tasks. Answer these questions 1. How many speakers are there? 2 Whatinformation wll you have to listen for in each tsk? 3. How many ofthe options in each tesk are not needed? 3 Note down words you might hear used about each of the options A-H in Task One, eg. an earthquake ~ ground, trembling, Then highlight the key words (eg. number, injured) in options A-H in Task Two and think of words associated with them, too 4 GOREN Listen and do the exam task. Listen particularly for the same ideas as those expressed by the words you highlighted in Exercise 3. ‘Quick steps to Listening Part & * Quickly read the instructions and the options in Tasks Ong land Tio, identifying the key words in both ‘Think of other words you might haar used to express those key words * Unto forthe answers othe questions in bth task you peer, do one tak on each listening, UNIT 1 LISTENING You wil hea five short extracts in which people ae talking abor unusual events they witnessed, ‘While you listen you must complete both tasks TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the ist (A-H) the event each speaker stalking about A on earthquake B anolspil speoiet (T c Speaker 2 7 ° Bi a a | F ameinoriastiie Speakers [Ea eta cdl speaters [Il Ht atomedo J raskeTwo For questions 610, choose from the ist (A-H) what surprised ‘each speaker most about the event [A the number of people injured B thelielycause ofthe event Speaker 1 C the sudden decrease in speed D the direction ofravel seers E theexcent ofthe damaze Speaker 3 | F the relative lack of noise G theplace where ithappened Speaker 4 | Hi the number of uneported geaseaes — Don't choose an option! word or phrase. ListenReview of verb tenses © Pages 11. Explain the difference in meaning each time between sentences a and b, Name the diferent tenses use. 1 2 {2 | see my friends at the weekend bb mseeing my friends atthe weokend, ‘2 The theme tune began when the programme ended bb The theme tune had begun when the programme ended, 1 The prass were taking photos when Melanie walked in bb The press took photos when Melanio walked in, 8 We'll be watching that fm when you get here. 1b We'llwatch that film when you get here. 2 Carla's written @ book about animals that can predict earthquakes, bb Carla's been writing @ book about animals that con predict earthquakes. The thunderstorm will have ended the time our plane takes off bb The thunderstorm will be ending by the time our plane takes off ‘2 The economy grew rapidly when government policy changes b The economy had been growing rapidly when ‘government policy changed. ‘a When Im25, ll work abroad for several years. When fm 25," have been working abroad for several years 2 © correct the mistakes made by exam candidates. In some cases mote than one answer is possible. 1 2 a Do you come to the meeting next week? Fim waiting for you at Vicenza Station tomorrow aftemoon. Barbara and! know each other for years, We went to primary school together Inyour memo you asked me to write a report, so now | send itto you Tras waiting for 30 minutes when a man came and spoke tome. {promise that when yout ome to visit me next summer, you'll have 3 wonderful holidey (On Wednesday we went to St. Andrews, as arranged to meet friend of mine there. ‘Club membership i falling so we are needing new members, especially young people. 3 Choose the correct answer. 2 3 zi | enjoy /enjayed / have enjoyed studying history since Iwas 2 child Fillaok for ajob when | get/ will get / will have got my degree, ’m waiting /'ve Been waiting / was waiting in this queue for hours! By the end ofthis century, we'e exploring /'li have ‘explored / explore distant planets. ‘My friend Stefan was reading /has been reading / read a book when | called athis house. Frm not yet sure which ubject I want to study, but think Vil do,/'m ding /ll have done maths. ‘When polticians at last realised what was happening, the climate already became / had already become / rad already been becoming warmer 8 By next July, be living /'m lving /'i have been living inthis town for ten years, 4 2010 ‘Marl some important past events in your life, eg. starting secondary school, on the timeline above. Then tell your partner what you: were also doing and used to do at that time, ¢.9. | was living inthe city conte. [used to walk to schoo) had dane and had been doing before then. have done and have been doing since then, [Now putin some likely future events, eg, graduating, starting work. Tell your partner what you will alo be doing then will hve done by then ‘ill have been doing by then, ond for how long Grammar unit 11 Look at these digital versions of printed reading material. Discuss these questions, giving reasons. 1 Which is more convenient: print or digital? Which is more enjoyable? 2 Which ofthe digital versione do you think are free? Which websites have 6 paywall, ie. you have to pay for access? 3 Will any ofthe print versions have disappeared within ten years? 2. Quickly ead the main text in the exam task and then options A-G, Which of the following have recently been rising, and which Ihave been falling? 1 sales ofnane & current affairs magazines 2. sales of printed books 3. sales of European printed newspapers 4 online advertising in newspapers 5. worldwide sales of printed newspapers 3 Read the third Quick step, then look a the words in bold after gaps 1, 2&3 and in options A, B & C, Answer these questions. 1. What kindof expressions are they? 2. How can each expression help you match the option to the gap? 3 Which similar expressions are used after gaps 4-6, and at the beginning of D-G? 4 Do the exam task, using the expressions in Exercise 3to help you. Quick steps to Reading and Use of English Part 7 + Look at the introduction to find out the text type and the topic, + Quickly read the te, the mein text and then options A-G, no any topic links. + For each gap look for grammar links, eg reference word ‘expressions and matching verb tenses, + Feed conpied rn sk alee UNIT 1 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH You are going to read a newspaper article about online versions of printed publications Sx paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose fom the paragraph AG the one which fits each gap (1-6). Theres one extra paragraph which you de not need The end of print may take some time Peter Preston ‘Transition. 1's a pleasant wend and a calming concept. Change may frighten some and shallenge others. But transition means going surely and sweetly from sumewhere present to somewnere future Unless, teat is 18 ewspapers’ ‘transition’ to the enline world, an ‘uncertain and highly unoomfertable process — because, frankly, it may mot be = process at all 1 ‘Allof which may well be Sse Gepencing on timing, demography, geograsiar and more, ‘After all, everyone ~ from mab sescemios to Drint analysts ~ says so. Het passe for = while ‘and count 8 few litte Sains Gea Gon quite ft. the digital storm ~ they Radg Ss increase to report. In short, om Bot isies of the ‘Atlantic, although some smagassne areas went down,many showed san === 3 = Yet, whon booksellers examined the valve of the physical books they ssi ererthe last six ‘months, they found © jase Gale owe= Screen or ‘sper, then? It wasn't one qe tie cuber-# wae both.‘A In other words, print is also a crucial tool in selling internet aubscriptions, And ite advertising rates raise 4 | | | eeeween nine and ten times more money than online. Beet even wishin Burvpe, Gurarans oounirieg 2B Tales lke these of young poople abandoning newspaper Dave differant storie to el. There's Bria reading are wildly exaggerated. Turn tothe latest with 8 106% drop in recent yearo Cand @ 18.0% ational Readership Survey figures aod you'l ind neary {all for quality papers), but in Germany the 5,000,000 people aged between 18 and 8% following the Geoline has only been 7% all round ~ with a ‘ain national dailies ‘ere 0.6% lost to quatty titles. And France Showe only e 3.1% fall (8% at the quailty end | | Sue varying national trends may wel eft situation of tno markeo. {ar more complicated than the prophote of ditt a ‘evolution assume. America's media analyste used to E f2ngua that booming online advertising revenues would pay ___- —_______] ] } SPs at ito win ower prosucuon con, mane — ee online newspapers @ naturel suocees, But now, with dial biggest and bos! ~ have built paywalls around fdvertisementa on newspaper sites actualy dropping Re agente eae ‘ak, auah assumptions soem lke history ‘siracuing a paying readership appears to be & Rea en ca eee erigral D Ono 1s the magazine word, both in the UK and in the Sooee0 as some kind of joint package. {UBT ought to be oolapsing, wrecked by the move tothe i Bs tablate which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. 6 ~] | | Botin tac, tne rato of decline in magazine purchasing isorrey er dp solaively small, with subsorptons holding up sony Of eourse this huge diffrence ion't good news Ser are we aetaue eae for newspaper companies, as maintsining ‘both an aotive website and an active print edition is diffiutt, complex and expensive. But ‘ewspaper brands still have much of thetr high profile in print; adrift on the web, the job of {ust being notiged becomes far harder. 1B But surely (you say) itis bound to happen eventually Everybody Knows thet print newspaper sales are plummeting while visits to the same papers’ website: ‘keep on soaring. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of tthe reat ave down overall betwen 8% and 10% year-on- ‘year, Dut their websites go ever higher. You can discover a similar phenomenon when it comes to books, Kindle and similar e-veaders are booming, with peers = salee up maseively this year. The apparent fest step of ins ‘transition couldn't be clearer. G So sf salos in that area have fallon so ttle, perhaps the erisis mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the ‘messages are oddly mixed. The latest survey of trends ‘by the World Association of Newspapers shows that. global ciroulation nose 1.1% last year (to 512 million copies a {ay}. Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than te ‘mado up the difference. Collocations 1 Ineach of 1-6, which three verbs form collocations with the words on their right? 1. show/ put / present / schedule 2 TY programme 2 publish / submit/ send in contribute ' photo toa magazine 3. broadcast / perform / reed / report the news on TV 4 carty/print feature / show a newspaper story 5 draft /edit/ broadcast / research ‘2 magazine article & run cover | promote tell ‘news story on TV READING AND USE OF ENGLISH UNIT 12 Complete the collocations in tals with the cortect form of verbs from Exercise 1. In some cases mote than one answer is possible. 1. The writarwillhave to. the article down to 1,000 words. 2 That'sa lovely photo, Why don't you it to anature magazine? 3 Both channels... theirmain news bulletin ve at ten oilock 4 The documentary was... for 2100, but willbe shown at 21.30 instead, 5 W’sbest to. anarticle, make any changes, and then write 2 final version. 6 Channel 19has decided not to... the stony 7 Ourteporter Carla Montero hes been, this story since the crisis began, 8 Thewab edition ofthe paper is story on its front page. the ‘Quick steps to Reading and Use of English Part? + Look tthe tile and the example, ‘quickly read the text without filing in ny. saps. + Look before and after each gap for we that colocate withthe missing wor «+ Make sure your answers, 3 Read quickly through the exam task. How does the text answer the question inthe ssele? 4 Look at the example. Which word in the first sentence goes with capture? 5. Underline words that might go with missing ‘words 1-8, Then do the exam tac 6 Discuss these questions, 1 you witnessed 2 news event, would you photograph it? Would you submit the imagat to the media? Why/Why not? 2. How would you fee! ithe media published pictures from your Facebook page for ‘2xample) without permission? For questions 1=8, read the text below and decide which answer (A.B, Cor D) best fits each gap. Theres an example at the beginning (0) Example: 0 A grasp B capture C seize D wap Should the media ear money from content they | don’t own’ Although digital cameras and camera phones have made it ‘easier to (0) ® newsworthy events, its social media that have revolutionised citizen photography. With news regulary breaking fon social (1)... some journalists are now turning to them as, (2) of images as fast-moving events occur. Unfortunately, some reporters have published user-generated Content (UGC) without permission, Despite official guidance that images (9) on social media can be used without permission if there are exceptional circumstances or (4) public interest, debate continues about whether this is ethical With research (6). that around one in ten people would flm or photograph news event, it is clear that UGC has a maior rola 0 (6). inthe futur of the media. However, ifthe media isto prevent its relationship withthe public from souring, steps must be (7). to ensure that people are properly rewarded for their ‘work and that permission is always (8) 1A networks 8 complexes © frames —D. structues 2A bases —B sources roots «=D springs 3A deposited B planted © imposed D_pasted 48 shap —B stong Co heny fiero 5 A indesting 8 displaying C presenting D expressing 6 A seve 8 apply play iD face 7A cimbed B made C waked —-D taken 8 A applied —B sought © demanded D searched | Pencil in the words you choose on the question paper, This wll make it easier to check the text makes sense when you finish. UNIT 1 READING AND USE OF ENGLISHFrequently confused words 1 © Choose the correct alternative in these exam candidates’ sentences. Use your dictionary where necessary. 1. People are not sensible / sensitive enough to the problem of peliution 2. Hewas brought up / grown up in Tunisia by Sicilian mother. 3. This restaurant, as its narne infers / implies, specialises in unusual dishes. 4 My income has raised / risen vary ite in the last four years. 5. Ihad to assist /attend an interview before the company offered me a job. & Abicycle isthe most economic/ economical, the cheapest and the easiest to park 7. lied /lay down on the couch and cried 8 When | moved to my own apartment, | seized the occasion / opportunity to get rid of al those ualy objects, 2 Inpairs, decide whether these statements about Part 1 are True or False. Check your answers in the Speaking guide on page 107, 1. Part 7 usually lasts about two minutes. 2. There will be two examiners, but only one. ‘of them will ask you questions. 3. You have @ conversation with the other candidate. 4 You must use formal language and call the examiner ‘Madam’ or ‘Sit. 5 You can learn your answers by heart and give a prepared speech, 6 You can invent information about yourself iit makes it easier for you to answer. Ke 6 Work in groups of three: one ‘examiner’ and two ‘candidates. The 3. Look at these possible Part 1 questions. Which verb tenses would you mainly use to reply to each? Where are you from? What do you do here/there? What do you think you'l be deing in five years’ time? How important do you think itis to speek more than one language? ‘What do you most enjoy about learning English? Do you prefer to get the news from television, newspapers or the Internet? ‘What would you do if you suddenly became very rich? 4 FEXERIEW Listen to Cristina and Markus practising Part 1, Which of 1-5 below do you think describe each student's speaking? Write Yes (9), No (N), of Possibly (P) in each box. Cristina Markus 1) clear pronunciation, good wo of tess and intonation U 2. wide range ofvocabulary aporopriate§— [] choice of words u 3. inks speech well, wth little hesitation ei] 4. generally correct grammar, wide range of structures 5 good communication skills 5 CORENIEW Listen again and improve Markus’s answers. Use your own ideas and some of these expressions: Well, 2s a matter of fact |. “Toat's not an easy question to answer, but {ve never really thought about it before, but Yes, | doshave actualy. In fact, ‘No, I'm aftaid | don't/haven’t. But one dey I'd like to ... {haven't made my mind up yet, but | might Quick steps to Speaking Part 1 + Ask the examiner to repeat a question if necessary. + Roply with full answers, not just ‘yes, ‘no’ or ‘maybe’ "= Use the right verb tense if asked ebout your past experiences or future plans. ‘examiner asks each candidate questions from Exercise 3. Afterwards ‘the examiner uses points 1-5 in Exercise 4 to comment on their performance, possibly suggesting improvements. Remember that one aim of Speaking Part 1 is to help you relax by getting you to talk about yourself. speacnc um 1 KERBContrast links 1. Choose the two correct contrast links in italics in each sentence. 1. 30 years ago almost everyone lived in the countryside whereas / even though / white nowadeys mest people live in cities 2. Whereas / Although / However the poorest 10% have become ppooter, the richest 1% are now even richer. 3. inspite of / Despite the fact that / Even though aid has increased, famine stil exists 4 Ageneration ago most doctors were male. In contrast / While / However, today the majority are female, 5 Contrary t0// Whereas / In spite of what many people think, discrimination is still common, 6 By law all children must attend school, Nevertheless / Despite this / Although, many still work in the fields 7. Inspite of the fact that /In contrast / Though the war's over, the border region is still dangerous, 8 The south of he country is flooded. Conversely / Contrary to/On the other hand, the north is suffering from drought Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. 4. Many ordinary criminals have been released, though political prisoners cemain in jal Whereas 2. Health care has improved, but itis still not up to international standards Even igh unemployment has fallen, the number of homeless people has risen, Inspite 4 Though the workers’ incomes is increasing, their quality of lfe is ging down. (On the one hand 5. That country produces a lot of food, but ordinary people have little tocat Despite the fact 6 Some people say that we spend enough on overseas aid, but this, n't true. Contrary 7. In spite of the rise in frut prices, farmers are getting paid less, Although 8 The Government bans all opposition but claims the country is a democracy. The Government claims the country is a democrecy. Conversely, 3 What issue do the pictures illustrate? Write sentences using expressions from Exercise 1 ered ve % 4 Lookat the cxam task instructions and the notes with it on page 15. Answer these ‘questions, 1. What do you have to write about, and for whom? 2. Which aspects of the topic must you write about? 3 What can you include if you want to? What shouldn't you do with these? ‘Quick steps to writing a Part 1 essay * Read all the instructions and the notes, Lnderfining the key words. ‘+ Think of as many relevant ideas a8 you ¢; + Decide how many paragraphs you wil need and put your ideas under head including those from the. printed Choose which of the-three opi UNIT 1. WRITINGPela els Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. You have listened to a discussion on how people in richer countries can be made more aware of poverty in other parts of the world, You have made the notes below: * education + campaigns by charities increased media coverage Some opinions expressed in the discussion: "Schools should teach every child the terrible effects of poverty.” "We should support charities that expose the awful reality of poverty.” “People would be shocked if they saw real poverty on TV every evening.” Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the approaches in your notes. You should ‘explain which approach you think would be more effective, giving reasons to support your opinion. You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions ‘expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible. 5 Read the model essay in the next column and answer these questions 1 In which paragraph does the writer introduce the topic? 2. Which two of the’notes does she use? In which paragraphs? 3. Which of the opinions exprassed does she include, and where? 4. Which approach does she prefer? Where does she state this? What reasons dows she give? 5. Isher essay the right length? sit fairly formal or quite informal in style? 6 Which contrast links does she use? Use a variety of contrast links to connect ‘points in your essay. ‘Thore existe today an ever-widening wealth gap between different parts of the word, with an inoreaoing number of people living in extreme ‘poverty. Urgant moasures are needed, and the first etep must surely bo to alse awareness In rlaher countries of just how desperate the situation is. ‘To achieve this, there would appsar to be twro possible epproachos. instly, the media could cover world poverty much more frequently and sn far greater depth. Currently, television rarely focuses on this human ‘tragedy, despite the awful conditions in which hundreds of mitions of people spenc their entire lives. Regular in-depth reports, however, would surely bring it home to viewers that this appalling situation never goes avray, leading to greater pressure on govornmente to take steps such a2 snoreasing oversose a14, Schools could also have an important role to play. Although it 1s essential ‘iaat pupils are taught about the social poobleme of thelr own country, attention should also be paid to the difficulsies of those, eepsclaily children, in poorer nations. Students need to Jearn why such terrible hiving conditions exist, both by studying the history of those countries ‘and by looking at the political, eeonomie and soctal factors that make poverty so difficult to eltmmate, Nevertheless, relying on the eduoation system would take many years to ‘bring roaulte, wheroas change is needed right now. It should alao invaivo ‘the whole population, not just young people. Only the media can have ‘this immediate impact, and nowadays it 1s only the media that almost everyone pays attention to, 6 You are going to write your own essay. To help you get ideas, discuss these questions and make notes, 1 Which are the worst examples of poverty that you know about? 2. Which hac most impact on you: reading or hearing about them, or seeing Images? 3. Which do you think influence people's feelings about global issues most: schools and universities, charities, or the media? Why? 7 Lookat the third Quick step and plan your essay. Here is one possible paragraph plan: 1. Introduction: the topic 2 Charities: direct experience, tell the ruth, opinion 1 3. Education: scarce resources, contrast rich/poor, opinion 2 4 Conclusion: charities more effective + reasons. 8 Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. When you have finished, check it for the following: comrect length coverage ofall the necessary points good organisation into wel-linked paragraphs ‘wide range of structures and vocabulary correct grammar, spelling and punctuation appropriate style of language positive effect on the reader. WRITING UNIT 1 | | 15