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11.5: Alternating Series: True or False?

1. The document discusses various tests for determining if infinite series converge or diverge, including the alternating series test, limit comparison test, and absolute convergence test. 2. Several common series are examined, such as the power series for sin(x), cos(x), ln(x), and arctan(x). It is shown that the power series for sin(x) and cos(x) converge for all values of x. 3. The document also considers whether certain specific series converge, such as the harmonic series of cos(n)/n^2 and cos(n)/n, and explores using common power series to evaluate logarithmic functions at different inputs.

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100 views2 pages

11.5: Alternating Series: True or False?

1. The document discusses various tests for determining if infinite series converge or diverge, including the alternating series test, limit comparison test, and absolute convergence test. 2. Several common series are examined, such as the power series for sin(x), cos(x), ln(x), and arctan(x). It is shown that the power series for sin(x) and cos(x) converge for all values of x. 3. The document also considers whether certain specific series converge, such as the harmonic series of cos(n)/n^2 and cos(n)/n, and explores using common power series to evaluate logarithmic functions at different inputs.

Uploaded by

blue_l1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11.

5: Alternating Series
Wednesday, March 4

True or False?
For all of these problems assume that an , bn > 0 for all natural numbers n. If the statement is false, find a
pair of functions (an , bn ) that serve as a counterexample.
P P
1. If an < bn for all n and n=1 bn converges, then n=1 an converges.
P P
2. If an < bn for all n > 1000 and n=1 bn converges, then n=1 an converges.
P P
3. If an > bn for all n and n=1 bn diverges, then n=1 an diverges.
P P
4. If limn an /bn = 5 and n=1 bn converges, then n=1 an converges.
P P
5. If limn an /bn = 5 and n=1 bn diverges, then n=1 an diverges.
P P
6. If limn an /bn = 0 and n=1 bn diverges, then n=1 an converges.
P P
7. If limn an /bn = and n=1 bn converges, then n=1 an converges.

8. ln(n) < 3 n for all natural numbers n.
P P P
Suppose I claim that if n=1 an and n=1 bn both converge then n=1 an /bn converges. Decide whether
each of the following pairs of sequences is an example of the claim, a counterexample, or irrelevant:

1. an = 1/n, bn = 1/n3 3. an = 1/n3 , bn = 1/2n . 5. an = 1/2n , bn = 1/n2

2. an = 1/n4 , bn = 1/n2 4. an = 1/n2 , bn = 1/n2 6. an = 1/n2 , bn = 1/n

Terms Sometimes Cancel


Decide whether the following series converge or diverge:

X 1 n X 1
1. 2 3.
n=1
n n +n+3 n=1
n n+
p
X X
2. n+1 n 4. n3 + 1 n3
n=1 n=1

Limit Comparison Test


Decide whether each of the following series converge or diverge, and find an appropriate sequence bn to use
with the Limit Comparison Test.

X 1 X n2 ln n
1. 4.
n=1
ln n n=1
3n

X ln n X n5
2. 5.
n=1
n2 n=1
1.002n

X n X ln5 (n)
3. n
6.
n=1
2 n=1
n1.002

1
Alternating Series and Absolute Convergence
P n
1. If s = n=1 (1) bn is a series with
(a) bn+1 bn for all n (or n > N , for some N )
(b) limn bn = 0

then the series is convergent.


2. |Rn | = |s sn | bn+1 .
3. If sn sn+1 , then sn+1 s sn .
P P
4. (Absolute Convergence) If n=1 |an | converges, then n=1 an converges.

Some Series of Note


x3 x5
1. sin(x) = x + . . .. Show that this power series converges for all x.
3! 5!
x2 x4
2. cos(x) = 1 + . . .. Show that this power series converges for all x.
2! 4!
3. ln(1 + x) = x x2 /2 + x3 /3 x4 /4 + . . . Show that 1 1/2 + 1/3 1/4 + . . . converges and is equal
to ln(2).
4. Can you use the same power series to find ln(3)? How about ln(0) or ln(2.001)?
5. arctan(x) = x x3 /3 + x5 /5 x7 /7 + . . . Show that 1 1/3 + 1/5 1/7 + . . . converges and conclude
that it is equal to /4.
P
6. Prove that n=1 cos(n)/n2 converges.
P
7. Can you tell whether n=1 cos(n)/n converges?

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