Citroën XM - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Citroën XM - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Citroën XM - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
CitronXM
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
TheCitronXMisanexecutivecarthatwasproduced
bytheFrenchautomakerCitronbetween1989and CitronXM
2000.Citronsold333,775XMsduringthemodel's11
yearsofproduction.TheXMwasvoted1990European
CaroftheYear.[2]
Contents
1Design
2History
3Criticalappraisal
4Suspension Overview
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CitroenXM[5]anotherCitroendesigner,Daniel stationwagon:4,963mm(195.4in)
Abramson,explained:"Weloweredthebeltlinetogive 19982000stationwagon:
theshapeastrongerimage.Itispurelya'design 4,950mm(194.9in)
statement'thatisnotfunctionalanddoesnothingforthe Width hatchback:1,793mm(70.6in)
aerodynamicsofthevehicle.Wewantedacarthatlooks
stationwagon:1,794mm(70.6in)
goodfromeveryangle".Abramsonisalsoreportedas
sayingthatthey"pickedthreeareastoemphasise:1)A Height 1,392mm(54.8in)(mostBerline
veryaggressivelook("Almostsinister"),2)Lotsofglass
models)someturbomodels
tocreateagreenhouseeffect,and3)Anaerodynamic
1,385mm(54.5in)1,466mm
accentbasedonfact(lowdrag)[6]".
(57.7in)(1998V6Break)
Thereweremany Curbweight 1,310kg(2,888lb)1,550kg
advances,most (3,417lb)
apparently
Chronology
designedto
counteractthe Predecessor CitronCX
maincriticismsof Successor CitronC5
itspredecessor. CitronC6
19942000CitronXM(suspension TheCXleanedin
fullylowered) corners,sothe
XMhadactiveelectronicmanagementofthesuspensiontheCX
rusted,sotheXMhadapartiallygalvanisedbodyshell(most
survivingXMshaveverylittlecorrosion)theCXwas
underpowered,sotheXMofferedtheoptionofa3.0LV6engine
thefirstV6inaCitronsincetheMaseratienginedSMof1970.
VentilationwasmarkedlymoreeffectiveintheXM.Rear
accommodationintheXMwasimprovedovertheCXinboth
19942000CitronXM(Australia) width,legroomandheight.Inparticulartherearpassengerswere
seatedhigherthanthoseinthefrontinordertoaffordagoodview
out,importantforavehiclewhichwouldoperateinFrench
governmentservice.[7]TheXMsharedafloorpanwiththePeugeot605,andthetwomodelsfaredsimilarly
inbothteethingproblemsandmarketacceptance.Unlikethe605sedandesign,theXMwasaliftback
designafeaturethoughttobedesirableincertainEuropeanmarkets.
History
Launchedon23May1989,[8]theXMwasthemoderniterationoftheBigCitron,areplacementforthe
CitronCX.ItwasintendedtocompeteagainstvehiclesliketheAudi100andBMW's5seriesinasector
thataccountedfor14.2%oftheEuropeanmarket.Citroenwasquotedassayingthatthecarwassupposed
to"takewhatCitroenmeansandmakeitacceptable".[9]Thecar'sinitialreceptionwaspositive.TheXM
wontheprestigiousEuropeanCaroftheYearawardfor1990(gainingalmosttwiceasmanyvotesasthe
second,theMercedesBenzSL)[10]andwentontowinafurther14awardsthatyear.[11]
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Theanticipatedannualsaleswere450carsadayinthefirstfullyearofproduction,or160,000unitsa
year.[12]Salesneverreachedthislevelforavarietyofreasons.Themarketforexecutivecarsmadeby
mainstreammanufacturerswasindeclineascustomersoptedforofferingsfrommoreprestigiousmarques
suchasBMWandMercedesBenzinparallelcustomerswereplacingahigherpriorityonspeedand
handlingratherthanridecomfortwhichwasCitroen'sspecialty.TheXMwasunderdevelopedatlaunch
whichresultedinreliabilityproblemsthevehicleasdesignedwasinconsistentinitsabilities.TheXM's
stylingwasalsocontroversialandalienatedthosewhodesiredamoreconventionalthreeboxsedan.Most
subjectiveofallwasthematteroftheXMnotlivinguptotheexpectationscreatedbyitsforerunnerthe
CitroenDS,despitethatcarhavingbeenlaunchedinaneraofnationalmarkets,ofdifferentdemandsand
standards,anerawhentherewasmorescopeforlargeadvancesinengineeringanddesignthanwere
possiblein1989.
TheXMinheritedaloyalglobalcustomerbaseofexecutiveclasscustomersandaclearbrandimage,but
didnotenjoythecommercialsuccessandiconicstatusofitspredecessors,theCXandtheDS,whichboth
raisedthebarofautomotiveperformanceforothermanufacturers.Exportmarketsexperiencedlowersales
fromtheoutset,partlyduetotheXM'spricing.TheleastexpensiveXMwasnearly50%moreexpensiveat
thetimeoflaunchthanthecorrespondingCX.Whilststrongatfirst[13]homemarketsalesalsodeclined,
afterthemechanicalissuesofthefirstfewmodelyearsbecameknown.Theproblemwascausedby
defectiveelectricalconnectors.Costcuttingonthecomponentswasneededsincetheparentcompanywas
infinancialdifficultyatthetimeofthedesignoftheXM.[14]Between1980and1984thecompanylost
$1.5billion.
Byearly1993,theXMwasviewedasan"underachiever".[15]InitialsalesintheUKwereat3,500unitsa
years,makingitCitroen'sweakestseller.The2.0litrepetrolenginedvariantswereviewedasbeingthe
leastcompetitive.Asaresult,Citroenrestructuredtherangesuchthatallbutthebasemodelpetrolswere
fittedwithlowinertiaGarretturbochargerstoaddanextra15bhp(11kW15PS).Thismadethecars
morepowerfulthanmoreexpensivecompetitorssuchastheRover820,VauxhallCarltonandFord
Granada2.0GLX.[15]
Inmid1994,theXMwasrevisedinordertoimprovecompetitiveness.[16]Allmodelswerefittedwith
driver'sairbag(signallingtheendofthesinglespokesteeringwheel),beltpretensioners,aredesigned
dashboardandupperdoorcasings.Thesuspensionwasredesignedtoreduceroll,pitchanddive.Most
noticeablewastheadoptionofapassiverearsteeringsystemsimilartothatontheCitroenXantia.This
sharpenedthe"steeringwithoutinducinganervoustwitch.[16]"Poweroutputontheturbochargedmotor
wasincreasedto150bhp(112kW152PS)from145bhp(108kW147PS)at4400rpm.Thisallowedthe
cartodevelopmoretorqueatmuchlowerrevs.Theimportant5070accelerationtimewas8seconds
comparedtotheFordScorpio2.016VGhia's17seconds.TheviewofCARmagazinewasthatthisengine
"providesunusuallyswiftaccesstoeffortlesspower...itdeliversprogressivelywithcommendablylittle
fussthatthis2.0turboisasrefinedasitismuscularmakestheXM'sperformanceallthemore
creditable[16]".
Bythemid1990s,itwasapparentthattheXM'simagemeantitwaslessdesirablethanGermanproducts
suchastheBMW5Series.[17]TheviewoftheXMascommerciallyunsuccessfulisreportedby
Compucars,[18]theusedcarwebsite,alongwithnumerousotherperiodcommentaries(see"Critical
Appraisal"below.)ProductionendedinJune2000.[19]
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Withtotalsalesoveritslifetimeofjust330,000unitsinmorethan10years,andthefactthatits
replacementtook5yearstoarrive,theXMmightbeconsideredafailure.Thiswasthecaseparticularlyin
theUnitedKingdommarket,wheredemandwasreducedtoavirtualtricklebythelate1990s.[20][21]But
despiteitscommonrootswiththePeugeot605,theXMmaystillemergeasacollectiblecar,astheDSand
CXbothdid.[22]
Criticalappraisal
TheXMwasreviewedbynumerousautomotivemagazinesduringthecourseofitslife.Thesereviewswere
generallyfavorable,ifinconsistent,particularlyconcerningthecar'sridequalityandappearance.The
suspension,forexample,waspraisedbyCarduringtestingin1989whentheXMshowedthemost
exceptionalsideofitscharacter.ThenewbigCitroenhasthefinestsuspensionofanycaryetmade,aswell
asthemostadvanced.[23]AutocarcomparedtheXM3.0V6totheBMW535andRover800(2.6litreV6)
andfoundthattheXMssuspensionallowed"somebumpcombinations"tobring"unexpectedreactions
fromthesuspension"butconcludedtheXMpresenteda"remarkabledisplayofchassis
competence".[24]PerformanceCarcommendedthesuspensionssupplenessbutalsonotedfirmnessover
smallsurfacesirregularities.[25]Autocar[26]contrastedthecarscompetenceat"controllingwheelandbody
motionwhentraversingbumpsanddips"butthereweresomeinstanceswhenthevehiclespliancywas
"mediocre"byprovoking"annoyingharshnessthroughthebodyshell".In1994theXMwasdescribedasa
carthatfloatsthecaroverfoundationbumps,thoughitdealslesssmoothlywithsurfaceabrasions.[27]
BenchmarkedagainsttheMercedesEclass,theXMwasrankedassuperiorin1991.[28]Whencomparedto
theBMW5seriesthesamejournalconsidereditbothinferiorandsuperior.[29][30]Overtimethecar's
reliabilitybecamesuspectduetoaproblemwiththequalityofelectricalconnectorused.Thispointwas
drivenhomeinoneofthefinalreviewsof2000,whenRichardBremner'spolemicalPartingShotessayin
''Car''magazineemphasisedtheelectricalfaultstowhichthecarwaspronethewriterpaidlessattentionto
theremediationoftheproblemandtothefactthatchangedmarketconditionsmeantdemandfortheXM
wasnevergoingtobethesameasforitspredecessor.[31]WhilstQuentinWillsonpredictedin1990thatthe
XM'sresidualswouldbebetterthantheoutgoingCX[32]bytheendofthecar'slife,itsresalevaluewasfar
belowaverage,furtherdentingthecar'sappeal.[33]Reviewershadsetupaviciouscirclewherethecarwas
criticizedfornotsellingandthiswasofferedasareasonnottobuyone.
TheXMwasreviewedbytheBritishweeklyAutocarinMay1989[34]as"thebestridingcarintheworld".
Autocar'sconclusion(basedonatestofaFrenchspecification3.0litreV6modelanda2.0litrefour))was
that"theGermanswillneedtotreatthiscarwithagreatdealofrespect".[35]TheXMwasdescribedas
havinga"superbridefromasuspensioncapableofcushioningtheworstbumps".[36]Autocarsaidthatthe
Citroenhadmadea"majoradvance"[36]overpreviousversionsofthehydropneumaticsuspenionsystem,
withtheabilityofthesuspensiontostiffenupandprovide"preciseandresponsivehandling".[36]The
interiorwasdescribedas"roomy",withGermancompetitorsseeming"decidedlycramped"bycomparison.
OnlytheFordScorpiowasdeemedtorivaltheXMinpassengeraccommodationbut"evenitcan'tmatch
theXM'scomfortlevelswithitsdeep,highmountedcushionandtallbackrestofferingararelevelof
opulence".[36]Theinteriorbuildqualitywaspraisedandtheinteriorcabinwas"agreeable".Thedriver's
seatswere"supportiveandcomfortable".Thelowwaistgavethecar"anincrediblyspaciousfeeling".[9]
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InJune1989,CARMagazine[23]publishedafulltestofthecarinV6guise.Themagazinediscussedthe
difficultyofreplacingtheCitronCXandthewriter,GavinGreen,reportedthatmanagingdirectorXavier
KarcherchoseadesignconsistentwiththeBXratherthandevelopingtheoutgoingcar'sthemes.Green
commentedthat"PeoplewilleitherloveorhatethelookoftheXMfor,likeanycarthatinspiresstrong
feelings,theCXsuccessorisdistinctive.Forthat,ifnothingelse,Citroendeservecredit".Hedescribedthe
appearanceas"displeasing"withan"awkward,kickeduphipline".GreenreportedtheXM'sdirectional
stabilityin"galeforcewinds"whileothercars"includingourownphotographicCitroenBXnervously
sidesteppedtheirwayforward..."Onsecondaryroads"theXMshowedthemostexceptionalsideofits
character.ThenewbigCitroenhasthefinestsuspensionofanycaryetmade,aswellasthemost
advanced".Green'ssaidthat"insoftmode,thecarridesjustasdeftlyasaRollsRoyce,probablybetter:the
suspensionfeelsmorecompliantthantheCX's.InsportssettingtheXMhandlesbeautifully,farlessbody
rollandpitchthanthatwhichbetrayedtheCX.Onlythecar'sbulkpreventsyoufromstayingwiththeGTis
...ItfeelslikeaCXallthesame...thereisthatsamewonderfulsenseofdetachmentfromtheroadsurface".
ThesteeringwasdescribedasinferiortotheCXinthattheratiowasreducedfrom13.5:1to17:1,andthat
theXMhas3.25turnslocktolockversus2.5ontheCX.CARnotedthattheinteriorwas"utterlyand
depressinglyconventional"otherthanthesinglespokesteeringwheel."Theindicatorsaresitedonalarge,
selfcancellingstalk,ratherthanondaintyandergonomicallysuperiorrockers".Theauthorreferredto"a
rowofpushbuttonswitches,allfromthePSApartsbin...scatteredjustbelowthesteeringwheel".'Photos
showtwoarraysofbuttonsgroupedonaninclinedplane,withintheradiusofthesteeringwheel.Onthe
creditside"theXM'scabinistrimmedinattractiveplasticsandveloursofahigherqualitythanthatwhich
usedtoclothetheCX'sinterior".Ongeneralassembly:"Paintfinish,panelgaps,generalsolidity,interior
finishineveryareatheXMisstreetsahead[oftheCX]".Thegeneralroominesswasnoted,andthe
visibilitywassummedupasfollows:"Youhaveamuchmorepanoramicviewoftheroadandsceneryin
anXMthaninaCX.Thebeltlineisverylowbelowshoulderlevelformostdriversandthewindscreen
seemsvast."Theconclusionofthearticlewasthat"theXMisamuchbettercarthantheCX...faster,
sharper,roomier,bettermadeandmorecomfortableitisallthesethingsaswellasbeingdistinctivetothe
eye.It'salsothemostcomfortablecarinitsclass:inabsolutetermsonlyaJaguarorRollsRoycecanmatch
it...ItisafarbettercarthanIthought,afarmoreintriguingcarthanIfeared."
Autocar&MotordescribedtheXM'sV6asofferingacompetitive177bhp(132kW179PS).The
reviewerwrotethattheenginewhilebenefitingfrommanytechnicalrefinementslackedthe"silky
smoothnessofaBMWoraMercedesBenz[inline]six".[37]However,lowendflexibilitywas
"impressive"andmidrangeresponse"strong."Overallperformancewas"formidable".Discussingthe2.0
litrevariant,Autocarsaidthatwhenshifting"you'llfindtheXMcornerswithanagility,thesteeringturning
insharply[...]poiseandcorneringbalancearemarvelousstraightlinestabilityisexcellent."Thebrakes
"performedsuperbly".[35]
Autocar'scriticismsrelatedtothe"bland"[36]frontalstylingandthe"awkward"[37]sharplyrisingwaistline
(thoughoverall,Autocarjudgedthecartobe"elegantlyproportioned"[38]).Noisesuppressionwasalso
ratedmediocrefortheV6.[38]However,the2.0litrecomparedfavourablytotheAudi100.The2.0litre
XMdidn't"feelasquickasthefiguresindicate".[38]
InAugust1989,Autocar&MotordidagrouptestoftheXMversuswhatittermedthebestandbest
sellingexecutivecarsintheUK:theBMW535iandRover8002.6V6.TheXMscabinwasdescribedas
beingof"nearGermanicquality"and"spacious",airierthantheBMWbutlessluxuriousthattheRover.[39]
Themagazineconsideredtheexteriorstyling"moreconformist"but"stillrecognisablyCitroen".In
summingup,AutocarfeltthatbothRoverandBMWcouldofferstrongcompetitiontotheXM.The
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magazinewasimpressedwiththeRoversV6andautomatictransmissionwhichcouldbepurchasedfor
lessbymeansofselectingcarefullyfromtheoptionslist.WhilsttheBMW530iwasmoreexpensivethan
theXM,mostofthevehicle'sbestfeatures(drivingposition,styling,bestchassis)couldbefoundina
cheaper520i.TheXMwasnotviewedbyAutocar&Motorasthebestdriverscar,[40]asitleftthedriver
"tooisolatedfromtheaction".ForAutocar&Motor,itwasaclosesecond,withtheXMasthe"most
spacious,practicalandcomfortableforfive[...]solidlybuiltandgenerallyaswellfinishedastheother
pair".Autocar&Motordecidedthatgoodasitwas,theXMwouldhaveadifficultjobwinningsalesfrom
theestablishedcompetition.
Autocartestedthe2.0SEiinNovember1989.TheirverdictwasthattheXMwas"anextraordinarylooking
machine,capableofextraordinaryfeats"butsaidtheXMwasan"acquiredtaste"thoughits"considerable
virtues[were]accessible".[41]The2litreXUseriesenginecameinforthemostcriticism.Autocar
describeditsperformanceandeconomyasbeingdisappointing,"standingatoddswiththesmoothnessand
finessethatseemtobesomuchapartofthecar".[42]ThemagazinelistedtheXM2.0SEi'srivalsasbeing
theBMW520SE,FordGranadaScorpio2.0i,MercedesBenz200EAuto,theRover820Siandthe
VauxhallCarlton2.0iCDX.AutocarjudgedtheRover(launchedin1986)tobethebestbuyintheclass,
basedonitslowprice,theperformanceofitsengine,its"attractive"shape,cruisingabilityandstandard
equipment.[41]
WhatCartestedtheXM2.0(8v)SiagainsttheRenault25GTX,LanciaThemaCDiandSaab90002.0
16v.[43]TheXMcamesecondoverall.Themagazinesummarizeditstestasfollows"TheXMisan
impressivecarinmanyrespects,particularlyinitsexcellentinteriorspaciousness,andfortheconfirmed
Citroenenthusiasttheoleopneumaticsuspension,supersharpsteeringandbrakeswillbeamajorattraction.
It'sagreatlongdistancecruiserbutisletdownbymediocreoutrightperformance.Manywillconsiderthe
XMtohaveoutstandingeleganceandstyle,abrilliantcarthatstandsoutamongthecurrentcropofjelly
mould,computerdesigns.Otherswillbeputoffinthefirsttenminutesbywhattheyseeastheoversharp
steeringandbrakes."Concerningtheridequality,WhatCarnotedthatwhiletheoverallridewasofahigh
quality,theXMwasunabletoabsorbshort,sharpirregularities.[44]
InJanuary1990UK'sCarMagazineranacomparisonofthe2.0SiagainsttheBMW520iandLancia
Thema16V2.0[45]inareviewoflowerendexecutivesectorcars.Thearticlesays,"Citroenexpects
businessbuyerstoaccountfor80%ofthe9000XMsithopestoshiftin1990...Thisisthemiddletrimlevel
ofarangethatisextremelywellequipped,presumablyasaninducementtoforgetyourpreconceptions."
CARcalledtheXM"aratherexoticdishforexecutivesraisedonastapleofGranadas,Carltons,Rovers."
Thethemeofpolarizingstylingwasrepeatedinthe1990review:"AnyonewhofearedthatCitroen's
individualitymightperishinPSAGroup'sdriveforincreasedsalesandprofitabilitywillbeheartenedby
theXM.There'satouchofloveitorloatheitaboutthestyling,butthere'snodenyingthatitisstriking."
TheslimValeoheadlampsdesignhelpedtomakefeasiblethe"low,penetratingfrontend"styling.While
theCitroenhadadragcoefficientof0.28,theBMW520'swas0.30andtheLancia'swas0.32.Thearticle
explainedthattheUKmarketXM'swerenotfittedwiththeselfcenteringpowersteeringbecause"buyers
heredon'tlikeit."Regardingperformance,theLanciarecordeda060mphtimeof9.6secondsversus12.4
fortheCitroenand10.6fortheBMW.TheThemawas"themostmettlesomeofthetrio"duetosharp
throttleresponsesandenginesoundquality.TheXMwasmarkeddownforthecoarsenessofthe2.0litre
XUseriesenginewhichwas"roughandnoisy.There'snopleasuretobegainedfromrevvingithard.Yet
thisispreciselywhatyoumustdotoproceedwithanysortofhaste."Performancewasreckonedtobe"par
fortheclass.Above80mphaccelerationfallsoffdramatically,avictimofatalltopgear."Thefuel
economyofallthreecarswasconsidered"poor"undertestconditions.TheXM'sbrakingactionwas"the
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leastsatisfactoryofthegroup."Underroadholding,"theXMintroducesanewmotoringexperiencetothose
whodon'tworkasengineersonactiverideprojectstheflatcorneringattitude.Inmediumspeedbends,
theXMscurriesaroundwithlittlediscernablebodyroll,wheelsuprightandallfourtyresplantedfirmlyon
thetarmac.Bodyrollisn'tentirelycancelledout,thoughasHydractivedoesn'tactasanantirollbar,it
merelystiffensspringanddamperrates.Intight,fastcornerstheXMleanslikeanyconventionalcar.When
gripfromtheXM's195/60MichelinMXV2srunsouttheCitroenstartstoundersteergently.Thetailcan
feelabitlightifyouliftoffpartofthewayaroundthecorner,butit'sasensationthatdoesn'tdevelopinto
anythingmoresinister."Thesteeringwascriticizedforlackoffeelathighspeeds.TheXMcabinwas
praisedforitssolidqualityandroominessthoughtheLanciawasreckonedtobeaswideandhadasmuch
frontheadroomandrearlegroom.TheBMWwascomparativelylessspacious."Rearseatridersarebest
offintheXM,wheretheyenjoythemostheadroomofthegroup...putthecentrearmrestdown,andthere
isasoftarmchairqualitytotheseats.Thefrontchairsaresimilar,yettheymanagetolocateyouwellwhen
pressingon,andremaincomfortableonlongjourneys."Abouttheridequalitythereviewerwrotethat"the
XM'sridequalityisabigdisappointment,especiallyatlowspeeds.Fracturedurbanroadsurfacesmakeit
thudnoisily,whileitpummelsratherthanabsorbs,thecontusions.It'sjitteryaroundtownandwillslapits
tyresoverridges.ABXfeelsmorecomposedinthesameconditions.AthigherspeedstheXMismore
impressive."IncomparisontheBMWwasreckonedtohavea"ridesuperiortothatoftheCitroen."There
were"occasionalflashesofbrilliancefromtheXM'schassis,butforthemajorityofthetimeitisoutshone
bytheBMW."Underdriverappeal,therelativelythickapillar,footoperatedparkbrakeandobstructed
passengersidemirrorcameinforcriticism.Todrivethecar"practiceisrequiredtodriveitfluidly."Onthe
inside"theXM'scabiniscossettingandisarelaxingplacetospendafulldayofmotorwaydriving.The
qualityoftrimiseasilythebestevertoadornaCitroen,andlooksplusherthatthatoftheplainerBMW."
TheconclusionofthearticlewasthattheBMWwonthetestagainst"allcomersinthe2.0litreclass",
primarilyforitscompletenessandengineeringquality.But"inspiteofitsfaultsyoucan'thelpbeintrigued
bytheXM.Yougetthefeelingthatthereisalottobelearnedaboutthecaroveranextendedperiodof
ownership,ahiddenfacetthatcanonlyberevealedbyfamiliarity.Andthere'sthesatisfactionofdrivinga
carthatlookssodistinctive."Reportedfuelconsumptionforthecarsat75mph(121km/h)were:Citroen
34.9mpgimp(8.1L/100km29.1mpgUS),Lancia34.4mpgimp(8.2L/100km28.6mpgUS)andBMW
32.1mpgimp(8.8L/100km26.7mpgUS).
InMarch1990Autocar&Motor[46]reviewedthe2.0turbodieselvariant,labelledTurboSD.Thecar'splus
pointswereitseconomy,space,excellentrideandhandling.ThenegativeaspectsoftheXMweretheslow
turboresponse,enginerefinementandgearchange.Indetail,Autocar&Motordescribedthe
instrumentationas"excellent"andtheaccommodationas"generous."Thechassiswasjudgedtobe"superb,
combiningfailsafehandlingwithapliantride".[47]Ventilationthroughputwasdescribedas"excellent".
Theoveralltheridequalitywascommendedas"almostunbeatable"foritscapacityto"swallowup
persistentmotorwayundulationsalmostasiftheydidn'texist"andto"spitoutsurfaceimperfectionsasif
theydidn'texist".[48]ItwasadmittedthatthoughnotoftentherewereconditionstheXM'ssuspension
handledlesswell.Theseweretransverseridgesorsomeinstanceswhere"somesurfacesproducean
unpleasantrockingorpitchingmotion"[49]Insummary,Autocar&Motor'sviewwasthat"inturbodiesel
form,theXMisafastandeffortlesslongdistancetourerthatwasalwaysreturnexcellenteconomyofsuch
aroomycar.Yes,refinementandnoisesuppressioncouldbebetter,andthecontrolslacktheengineered
slicknessofaBMWoraMercedesbuttheXMisawelcomeadditiontothegrowingranksofdiesel
poweredcarsandininterestingalternativetoconventionalpetroldrivensaloons.[50]"
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CARmagazinetestedthedieselvariantinJuly1990.[30]CAR'sopinionwasthat"aweekendtriptoBavaria
provedthislatestadditiontotheXMrangetobeaverycompetentandeconomicallonghauler.Atmore
moderateBritishroadspeeds,wehavemanaged43mpginmixedrunningwithfourpeopleaboard."Inthis
reviewthecarwasviewedasbeingsuperiortoaBMW5series:"Earlyinthetripthecarwasuncannily
smoothoverthebumpybackroadsbetweenCalaisandDunkirk.OnGermanautobahns,travellingat
speedswhichturnbendsintocorners,theXMremainedimpressivelyflatasthesuspensionalteredtocope
withhighcorneringloads.WemadethetripaccompaniedbyaBMW535i,whichrolledappreciablymore
throughfastbends,andpassengerswhotriedbothcarspreferredtheXM."Pointsofcriticismwereagain,
theleftsidemirrorandrearheadroom:"Themostserious[problem]isungenerousrearheadroom,though
threepassengersofaverageheightfoundtherearbenchcomfortablefora12hourjourney.Moreirritating,
becauseavoidable,isthenearsidemirror,whichispartiallyobscuredbytheApillar.Thisdeficiencyis
particularlynoticeableonthecontinent,whenyouneedthemirrorforovertaking."Thefootoperated
parkingbrakewasalsocriticized:"...fourdayswerentenoughtodispelourannoyancewiththeUSstyle
footoperatedparkingbrake.WenotedsourlythatyouwouldprobablyfailadrivingtestintheXM,
becauseyoucannotapplythebrake(usingyourleftfoot)untilyouhaveputthecarinneutral."In
conclusion,CAR'sviewwasthat"theXMisacarthatgrowsonyou,andinTurboDieselform,it'scheap
tooperate.Ifyou'recontemplatinghighmileages,particularlyabroadwheredieselissensiblypricedmuch
cheaperthanpetrol,itswellworthconsideringthestiffextrapriceoftheoilburner.Ifyoucareabout
reducingcarbondioxideemissionsbyimprovingfuelconsumption,theXMTurboDieseloffersdramatic
gainswithoutsacrificingbigcarvirtues."
TestedbyAutocaragainsttheAlfaRomeoCloverleafV6,theV6versionoftheXMwasplacedahead,but
thecarwasdescribedas"anunevenperformerhighabilitybutsomewhatretardedinthefinesse
department".[51]Reservationsrelatedtothegearchangeandtheridequalityoverroughroadsurfaces.
InFebruary1991,CarMagazine[52]testedtheXMinV6formalongsidetenotherexecutivecars(Alfa
Romeo164V6Lusso,BMW525i24v,FordScorpio2.9EFi,JaguarXJ63.2,MercedesBenz260E,
Peugeot6053.0SVE,RoverSterling,Saab9000CDs2.3turbo,VauxhallSenatorCD3.0iandVolvo960
3.0i24).ThewinnerwastheJaguarwiththeXMinsecondplace.Thesummarywasthat"...theCitroenin
secondplaceimpressedusenormously.TheXMisthemostadvancedcarhere,theprecursorofevenbetter
thingstocome.SucharetheCitroen'saccomplishmentsthatwe'dhaveputitfirsthaditsrefinement
measuredupthatofthePeugeotstablemate."ThePeugeotsharedthesameengineastheCitroenbutinthe
Peugeotinstallationitwasmorerefinedandless"inexplicablythrobby."IntermsofstylingCARpreferred
theoriginalityoftheXMtotheanonymityofthePeugeot:"criticizethefussy,multipillaredsuper
structureifyouwillbuttheXMeschewsconventionandforthatweapplaudthisindividualisticcar."For
performance,theXMwaspraisedforitsrobustacceleration(9.3secondsto60mph)anditstopspeed
(133mph).Underroadholdingandhandling:"Hydractivesuspensionengendersuniquefeel,makingthe
XMlikenoothercar.Sharpsteeringandlimpetcorneringgiveuncannyresponses,modestbodyrolland
terrificcomposure.Torquesteerseldomaproblem.Brakesstrongandsensitive."Thereportforthe
accommodationandcomfortnotedthattheinstrumentdialsweretoosmallandthatminorswitcheswere
mountedtoolow,outofsight(theyareinsidetheradiusofthesteeringwheel).Thehatchbackbootwas
describedas"massive"and"canbeextendedbyfoldingtheseats."TheXMinteriorwasdescribedas
"plush,itsseatssoft,supportiveandelectric."TheXMtiedwiththeFordGranadaforhavingthemostrear
legroom.Therearwasdescribedas"spacious."Withtheheadrestraintofthefrontseatsettoitsminimum
heightrearpassengersenjoyedanuninterruptedviewoutthroughthewindscreen.Themodeltestedwasan
automaticandcost25,330GBPversustheJaguar's27,500GBPprice.
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BenchmarkedagainsttheMercedesEclass,CARrateditassuperiorin1991.[28]Whencomparedtothe
BMW5seriesthesamejournalconsidereditbothinferiorandsuperior.[29][30]By1994,theXMwas
describedasacarthatdealslesssmoothlywithsurfaceabrasions.[27]MotoringmagazineprogrammeTop
Gear,reviewingthe"highspeedholdall"market,comparedtheXMestatewiththeAudi100in1991[53]
(Season14,episode16).ThepresenterreportedCitroen'sclaimthatitsXMhadtheworld'slargestestate
loadingbayandwentontosay:"withthishighrearwindowlineyouhavetrulyavastvolumeofspace
hiddenfrompryingeyes."Theloadcapacityofthebootwascitedas25cubicfeetwiththeloadbay
tonneauremoved,helpedbya"lowsillandasparetyreyougetatfromunderneath."TheAudi100hadless
concealedloadspace,aflimsycoverandlessloadspaceoverall.TheAudi'smaximumcapacitywas44
cubicfeetversustheCitroen's69cubicfeet.Ondrivingquality,theXM"isacknowledgedtohaveoneof
thefinestridequalitiesintheworldandtheestateversionisjustasgood."Buttheminorcontrolsweresaid
tobe"intimidating"andthehighrearwindowlinewascriticizedforitseffectonoutwardvisibility.
"BehindthehelmtheXMshowsitselftobeadisarminglyfinecar,"reportedthepresenter."Itspoised
magiccarpetrideandvelvettydrivetrainmakeforgentleandunruffledprogress."Atautobahnspeedthe
carwassaidtobeable"tosoakupeverypimpleanddeclivitywithoutsomuchasasolitarythud."With
improvedquality,shorterserviceintervalsandgoodlooksthe"TopGear"viewwasthatresidualvalues
"shouldstayhealthy."
The1992editionoftheDailyMailMotorreview,editedbyMichaelKemp[54]describedthestylingas
"modernbutsometimesawkward."The"highspeedroadholdingisdisappointing",buttheXMwasa"well
equippedandcomfortableluxurycarwithfineengineoptions."
Therevised2.0turbomodelwastestedinFebruary1993byAutocar.[55]Autocar'sviewwasthatfittinga
turbochargeravoidedturbolag,but"there'snomistakingtheengine'shesitantnatureatlowrevs,making
smoothfirstgeargetaways...unnecessarilyawkward".[56]However,theturbochargedversionwasa"swift
performer"[56]with60mph(97km/h)achievedin8.2secondsversusthenonturbo's11.2seconds.Top
speedincreasedto131mph(211km/h),aheadoftheFordGranadaandVauxhallCarlton.TheXMwas
commendedforitsmotorwayhandling,withlowrpmsatcruisingspeedand"excellent"[56]overtaking
ability.Enginenoisewasreduced,addressingearliercriticisms.Theridewasimprovedbyarecalibrationof
theengine'smountingpoints.Insummary,"addthisnewfoundrefinementandperformancetotheXM's
otherstrengths,mostnoticeablyitssuperbrideandexcellentcabinspace,andyou'dbehardpushedtofind
abettermotorwaymileeater."Allinall,therevisionstotheXMleftitina"muchmorecompetitive
position".[55]
InJuly1994,RogerBelloftheUK'sIndependenttestedthe2.5litreturbodieselvariantoftheXM.[57]He
saidthat"theintroductionofanewhightorquedieselisamongarangeofsalesboostingimprovements
madebyCitroentoitsflaggingflagship,stillshunnedbytheBritishasaGallicoddity."Thepricingand
equipmentwereviewedascompetitive.Thecomfortandroominesswerepraised,butcommentsonthe
drivequalityfocusedontheidiosyncrasies.Eventhoughthesteeringratiowasmuchreducedcomparedto
theCX,Bellstillconsidereditoverdirectandsaidthat"clumsydriversshouldlookelsewhere".Roger
Bell'sconclusionwasthat"anyoneinthemarketforabig,roomy,comfortablecarthatgoeswellonlittle
fuelwouldbefoolishtoignoreit.Apartfrombeinggoodvalue,theXMisoneofthelasttrue'characters'
leftinamarketoflookalikes."Fueleconomyof40mpgwasreportedforthistest.
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InMay1995,JohnSimisterofCAR[16]testedtherevisedXM2.0VSXagainsttheAlfaRomeo1642.0T
Spark,FordScorpio2.016VGhiaandVauxhallOmega2.0GLS16V.Thearticlehighlightedanentirely
newiterationoftheOmegaandtherecentlaunchoftheFordScorpio.SimisterintroducedtheXMasthe
"daringmaverickofthequartet,technicallyandaesthetically.[16]"Duetoitshydraulicsteering,brakesand
suspensiontheXMwasrecognizedashaving"adifferentfeel."Theconclusionofthetesthighlightedthe
XM'sunevencapabilitiesandalsotheextenttowhichthecompetitionwascatchinguponCitroen'sunique
salespropositionsofridequalityandcomfort:"there'satellinggenerationgapbetweenthetwofrontdrive
cars[XMand164]andtheyoungerreardrivepairinthisconfrontation[ScorpioandOmega]".Though
basedonthearchitectureofamucholdercar,theMk3FordGranadaof1985,theScorpiobestedtheXM
onseatcomfortandrearlegroom.TheXM'sfrontseatsandcabinambiencedidnotfarewellagainstthe
FordorVauxhall.However,theturbochargedCitroenbeattheFordonperformance.TheAlfawasviewed
ashavingthe"sportiestcharacter"withbesthandling,buttheCitroenhadbetterspace,comfort,finishand
refinement.Soacombinationofsuperiorspeed(comparedtotheFord)andcomfort(comparedtotheAlfa)
puttheXMinsecondplace.TheVauxhall'sallroundcompetence,butparticularlyitsride,putitinfirst
place.TheVauxhall'ssuspensionwasdescribedas"brilliant.Therideissupple,controlled,welldamped...
toobtainsuchoutstandingresultsthroughconventionalmeansistochallengeCitroen'sinnovation.[16]"The
Opelalsoboastedaccuratesteeringand"splendidcentrepointresponses.Norivalturnsintocornerswith
greaterresolution,biteorfluency."TheXM'sgearchangewasdescribedas"graunchy,downgradedbythe
mushyclutch."And"despitemidliferefurbishmenttheXM'sdashandswitchgeararenotupthebest."The
XMwashighlyratedinsteering,itbeing"nicelyresponsiveratherthanultrasharpespeciallyatspeed,
whenlittlemorethantelepathyisneededtocornerwithinchperfectprecision."IncontrasttotheVauxhall
andFord,theCitroen'ssuspensionfailedtoabsorbsurfaceabrasionswhich"generatehighfrequency
agitationandknobbliness".[16]However,theoleopneumaticsuspensioncould"waftoverfoundation
irregularities"betterthanthecompetitors.Thefootappliedparkingbrakewasdescribedas"treacherous."
TheluggagecapacityoftheXMwasratedat460litres,jointthirdplacewiththeFord.
AnunrelatedarticleinthesameeditionofCAR[58]discussedthesalesperformanceoflarge,dieselcarsin
theUKmarketinthepreviousyear.TheVolkswagenPassatwasrankedfirstandtheXMtookeighthplace.
Underthecategory"CouldDoBetterDepartment"theXMwasdescribedasa"technofest."Theunnamed
authorexhortedreadersasfollows:"Listenpeople,they'refab,sotryone."
Discussingthemeritsofturbodiesels,theGlasgowHeralddescribedthecarinmid1996inthefollowing
way:"TheCitroenXMinturbodieselformisasplendidlongleggedautoroutecar.[59]"Thesameedition
oftheGlasgowHeraldsummarisedthecaras"afinemotorwaycruiser,withunexpectedlygoodhandling
aroundthelanes,andmassesofspaceforpassengersandluggage.[60]"
TheviewoftheDailyExpressWorldCarGuide1998,[61]editedbyPeterBurgess,wasthattheXMwas"as
distinctiveanexecutiveclasscarasit'spossibletofind."Theinteriorwasdescribedas"huge."Thenews
forthatmodelyearwasthereplacementofthe12valve3.0litreV6witha24valve3.0litreV6thatwas
usedintheCitroenXantia.TheGuidecommentedthattheinteriorwaslookingdated,butitwasdescribed
asa"thoroughlyrelaxingdrive."
TheDailyExpressWorldCarGuide1999,editedbyPeterBurgess,[62]said"Citroen'slargestcarisalsothe
mostquirky."ButtheXM"isnotwithoutitsqualitiesthough,withasmoothrideandmilemunching
motorwayability."Thedepreciationtowhichthecarwaspronehadbecomepartofthecar'sidentityin
manyreviews.Typicalis"onlyafewhundredaresoldandvaluesplummetontheusedmarket."The2.1
and2.5litredieselsweresaidtobe"starsoftherangewitheconomyandreasonableperformance."In
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contrasttoearlierreviews,theGuidethoughttheinteriorswere"fragile."Buttheergonomicsremaineda
pointofcriticism:"theinteriortakessomegettingusedto."Referringtotheloadcarryingcapacityofthe
estate,theGuidesaidthecarwas"capableofcarryingmorethansomevans."
BySeptember2000[33]theCitroenXM'spressvisibilityhaddiminished.CARmagazine'sGBUsection
wasoneofthelastplacesitwasreviewed.ThesummarywasthattheXMas"anancientintergalactic
cruiserremindsusofwhatCitroenusedtobe.Bertone'sneedlenosedstylingiswearingquitewell,and
comfy,spaciouscabinapleasureontopofthehydraulicchassis.Quitegoodindieselandturboforms...
Estateanunbeatableloadcarrierbutatadecadeoldthismonsterisbestavoided."
CARmagazine'sfinalarticleontheXMwasfromNovember2000.[31]The"PartingShot"serieswas
knownforitsunequivocallyharshstancesothecommentaryinthattraditionwasalmostwhollynegative.
Thearticleinquestion,byRichardBremner,focusedontheissueofthedefectiveelectricalconnectors:
"EarlyXMscouldbereliedupontogowrong,butlittleelse.Andoftenthecauseofthetroublecouldbe
pinpointedtoonecomponentadefectiveelectricalconnector".Theresultofthisreputationwasthat
people"stayedawayindroves,evenifsomegotcarsthatgavenotroubleatall."Thearticlenotedthat
"Citroenworkedhardatfixingtheproblems,introducinganewkindofconnectorafterthecarwas
launched,butbythentheXMhadlostalmostallconnectionswithitspotentialaudience."Thearticle
concededthatachangedmarketalsomadeconditionsdifficultfortheXM:"WhiletheCXbeforeitsold
welltosuccessfultypeswhoneededsomethingbigandfuturistic,bythetimetheXMcamealongtheir
thoughtswereturningtowardstheslicklypackagedprestigeofBMWandBenz.Themarketforbigcars
fromvolumemakerswasdying".Bremnerpointedoutthatitwasgoingtobedifficultforanymodern
Citroentobegreat."Whatitreallyneededtobe,howeverunreasonableitistoexpectonecarcompanyto
keepdeliveringit,wasanewconceptinbigcardesign,somethingasradicalastheRenaultEspace.Butthe
XMwasnotthatandithasdiedunlovedanddestined,onesuspects,tobecomeveryrareverysoon".
TheXMhasamixedreputationinitspostproductiontwilight.Discussingbargainusedcars,theGlasgow
Heraldwrotein1999[63]thattheXMhas"asolidreputation,smoothengines,plentyofstreetpresenceand
lotsofroomforpeopleandluggage."But,writingintheDailyTelegraphinSeptember2005,[64]Andrew
EnglishledhisdiscussionontheCitroenC6withthiscomment:"Ithasbeen17yearssinceCitronlast
introducedalargecar.TheslabofcheeselikeXMthatwentoutofproductionin2000wasamockeryof
theidea,however.Notjustinthecoincidenceofitsdesignhouse'sname,Bertone,withthatofFlaminio
Bertoni,whopennedthebeautifulandelegantDSmodelsinthe1950s,butalsoforitsstaggering
unreliability".WhenreviewingtheCitroenC6in2006,TheIrishTimesreferredtothemarked
improvementinthequalityofthenewvehiclecomparedtoitspredecessor:"unlikepreviousbigCitrons,
suchastheXM,theC6hasafeelofqualityinitsfitandfinish".[65]
Britain'sClassic&Sportscar[22]publishedanessayonCitroen'slargecars,fromDStoC6.Thetoneis
morecharitable,butstillreferstoacarwithareputation"tarnishedbycomplexity".Forcomparison
purposesaSeries2XMin2.1litredieselconfigurationwaspresented.Thearticle'scontentionwasthatthe
XMwasintendedtocompetewiththeascendantGermanmarques.Thearticleviewsthecar'sdesignas
influencedstronglybytheCitroenSMandcallsit"theworld'smostsubtleretrodesign."Oninterior(a
series2whichresemblestheXantia's),theauthorsays"theblackcabinisalittledour,butthereareplayful
touches,too,suchastheblackstripofsmokedplasticbehindthewheel,fromwhichwarninglights[22]
emergeandvanish."Turningtothedrivingquality,theauthorremarks,"you'llfindaconfidencenotalways
presentinitsancestors.There'slittleundersteer,thebrakesaremoreconventionallycontrolledandthe2.1
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litreturbochargedunithasampletorqueforcannoningtheXMfrombendtobend.Thebumpeliminating
suspension...stillfeaturesyou'llbarelynoticecattlegridsbutwithitcomesafirmnessmoreorientated
towardsthesportingdriver."
TheUKbasedcarreviewwebsiteHonestJohn[66]summarisestheXM,asausedpurchase,as
"Comfortableandspacious,especiallytheestate.Excellentrideandtidyhandling.Plentyofpotential
problems,sobuywithcareandfindanexperiencedXMspecialist."
TheusedcarwebsiteCompucars[67]viewstheXMas"surprisinglygoodtodrivethankstothatsuspension
system.YoufindyourselfrelishingcountryBroads,despitethecar'sobviousbulk.Youneedtobecareful
withthefootoperatedparkingbrakethough.Aleveronthedashboard,whichcantakesomegettingused
to,releasesit."Theoverallimpressionofthecar,accordingtoCompucarsis:"Galliccharmwithattitude.
TheXMmakesapleasantchangefromnormalexecutivefare.Buycarefullyandenjoy."
DesigncriticJonathanMeadesdescribedtheXMasthelastgothiccar,asquotedbyStephenBayleyin
"DesignMadeVisible"(2007).[68]In2013Car[69]magazinedescribedtheXMasoneofBertonesseven
"gamechanger"designs,referringtoits"cool"angulardesignandits"distinctivestaggeredbeltline".
Suspension
Thehydropneumaticselflevelingsuspension(featuringgrapefruitsizedmetalspherescontainingnitrogen,
actingasbothspringsandshockabsorbers)gainedaverysophisticatedelectroniccontrolsystemcalled
Hydractive,whichusedsensorsinthesteering,brakes,suspension,throttlepedalandtransmissiontofeed
informationonthecar'sspeed,acceleration,androadconditionstoonboardcomputers.Whereappropriate
andwithinmillisecondsthesecomputersswitchedanextrasuspensionsphereinoroutofcircuit,to
allowthecarasmoothsupplerideinnormalcircumstances,orgreaterrollresistanceforbetterhandlingin
corners.
TheHydractivesystemwassomewhat"aheadofthecurve"when
thecarwaslaunchedandearlyversionsweresometimesunreliable.
Manyproblemsstemmedfromthesensitiveelectronicscontrolling
thecar'shydraulicsystem,oftencausedbythepoorqualityofthe
multipointgroundingblocksoneoneachfrontinnerwing,oneat
therear,andoneunderthedashboard.Thesetendedtocorrode
(especiallytheonesintheenginecompartment),causingallmanner
ofintermittentfaultswhichwerehardtodiagnose.Onlatercars, CitronXMBreak
thesewerechangedtoscrewterminalsboltedthroughthe
bodywork,andmostoftheoldercarshavebeenmodifiedinasimilarway.
WhentheHydractivesystemworked,theresultwasabigcarwithasmooth"magiccarpet"ride,andbetter
handlingthanmanysmaller,lighter,sportscars.Whenitdidn'twork,itwasquiteharshandbumpy,
althoughnoworsethananycontemporaryhighperformancesportssedan.However,righthanddriveXMs
wereneverfittedwiththeDIRAVIvariablefullypoweredsteeringoftheCX,havinganalmost
conventionalDIRASSpowerassistedsetup.
SomeproductionmodelsoftheXMwerenotequippedwiththeHydractivesystem,buthada'conventional'
hydropneumaticsuspensionclosertothatoftheCitronBX.Theselowerspecificationvehicleswereall
builtformarketsinmainlandEurope.
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Engines
TheXMwasfittedwithawiderangeofgasolineanddieselengines:
167PS
Multipoint 235Nm
3.0i (123kW 222km/h 1989
PRV 2,975cc SOHC12v fuel (173lbft)@ 8.9s
V6 165hp)@ (138mph) 1994
injection 4,600rpm
5,600rpm
167PS
Multipoint 235Nm
3.0i (123kW 222km/h 1994
PRV 2,963cc SOHC12v fuel (173lbft)@ 9.7s
V6 165hp)@ (138mph) 1996
injection 4,600rpm
5,600rpm
200PS
3.0i Multipoint 260Nm
DOHC (150kW 235km/h 1990
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200PS
3.0i Multipoint 260Nm
DOHC (150kW 235km/h 1994
V6 PRV 2,963cc fuel (190lbft)@ 8.6*2s
24v 200hp)@ (146mph) 1996
24V injection 3,600rpm
6,000rpm
190PS
3.0i Multipoint 267Nm
ES9J4 DOHC (140kW 233km/h 1997
V6 2,946cc fuel (197lbft)@ 8.4s
(XFX) 24v 190hp)@ (145mph) 2000
24V injection 4,500rpm
5,500rpm
Dieselengines
82PS(60kW 147Nm
2.1 XUD11 Indirect 173km/h 1989
2,138cc SOHC12v 81hp)@ (108lbft)@ 17.6s
D12 A(PJZ) injection (107mph) 1994
4,600rpm 2,000rpm
109PS
2.1 XUD11 235Nm
Indirect (80kW 192km/h 1989
Turbo ATE 2,088cc SOHC12v (173lbft)@ 12.4s
injection 108hp)@ (119mph) 1994
D12 (PHZ) 2,000rpm
4,300rpm
109PS 250Nm
2.1 XUD11 Indirect (80kW 192km/h 1994
Turbo BTE 2,088cc SOHC12v (180lbft)@ 12.9s
injection 108hp)@ 2,000rpm (119mph) 2000
D12 (P8C) 4,300rpm
129PS
2.5 DK5 285Nm
Indirect (95kW 201km/h 1994
Turbo ATE/L 2,446cc SOHC12v (210lbft)@ 12.1s
injection 127hp)@ (125mph) 2000
D12 (THY) 2,000rpm
4,300rpm
*2TheCitroen"official"numbersfor0100km/hforXM3,0V6.24wasfromyear1991listedto8,0s.
From1993or1994thenumberwasfor"unknown"reasonschangedto8,6s(documentetinsalesbrochures
1991to1994).Similarchanges(longertimes)wasalsointroducedatthesametimeformostothermotors
intheXM.
BeingpartofthePSAPeugeotCitroncompany,mostoftheseengineswerefoundincontemporaryPSA
cars,liketheCitronXantia,CitronC5,Peugeot405,Peugeot406andPeugeot605.TheZF4HP18
automatictransmissionthelateV6had4HP20wasusedalsoinSaab9000,Peugeot605,AlfaRomeo
164,LanciaThemaandtheFiatCroma.
Dimensionsandweights
Length:4,709mm(185.4in)(Berline)or4,950mm(194.9in)(Break)or4,963mm(195.4in)(1998
V6Break)
Width:1,793mm(70.6in)
Height:1,392mm(54.8in)(mostBerlinemodels)someturbomodels1,385mm(54.5in)
1,466mm(57.7in)(1998V6Break)
Wheelbase:2,850mm(112.2in)
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Groundclearance:140mm(5.5in)
Weight:1,310kg(2,888lb)(2.0iBerline)1,400kg(3,086lb)(2.0TurboBerline)1,453kg
(3,203lb)(TurboBreak)1,475kg(3,252lb)(1990V6)1,642kg(3,620lb)(Turbo2.5DBreak)
1,655kg(3,649lb)(1998V6Break)
Fueltankcapacity:80L(21USgal18impgal)
Differencesbetween1stand2ndgenerations
Thereareanumberofvisibledifferencesbetweenthefirstgeneration(May1989May1994)andsecond
generation(June1994June2000)cars:
Themostdistinctiveexternaldifferencesarethat:
InsecondgenerationXMs,theCitrondoublechevronlogowasmovedtothecentreofthegrilleand
becamelarger.Itwaslocatedoffcentreinthefirstgenerationcars.
The"XM"badgeontherearhadamorestylisedfont(likethatontheXantia)anditwasmovedto
therightofthetailgate.
Thesecondgenerationcarswerefittedwithalowerrearspoileronthetailgate,sittingmuchcloserto
thetopoftheboot.
Thegrey/blackpanelbetweentheleadingedgeofthewindscreenandtherearedgeofthebonnetwas
colourcodedwiththebodycolour.Theoriginalcolouringwasdesignedtoechotheupwardkickin
thewindowlinebehindthereardoor.Withbodycolouredplasticthisvisualrelationshipbecameless
clearandthe"visualmass"ofthefrontofthecarincreasedsomewhat.Thiseffectwascleareron
lightcolouredcarswherethecontrastbetweenthedarkareasandlightareaswasmorepronounced.
Thedoormirrorsweremodifiedtoimprovetheviewofthepassengersidemirrorfromthedriver's
seat.PreviouslyitwasslightlyobscuredbytheApillar.However,theobscurationonlyaffectedthe
fieldofviewabovetheroadhorizonwhichisrelativelylessimportant.
Differencestotheinteriorinclude:
Amoreconventionalthreespokesteeringwheelincludinganintegratedairbag.Thedriverairbag
wasstandardonmostmodelsandcountries,regardlessofhanddriveconfiguration.Asaresult,the
secondgenerationmodelsneverhadCitron'sdistinctivesinglespokewheel.Incertainmarkets
(mainlytheUK)andforcertainmodelsXMswerefittedwithatwospokewheel.
Amodifiedinstrumentpanel,toaccommodateanoptionalpassengerairbag(standardafterDecember
1995).Also,in1997,frontseatmountedsideairbagswereadded,whichwereoptionalorstandard
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dependingonmodelandmarket.ThedesignwassimilartotheXantia'sdashboard.
Thequalityoftheinteriormaterialswasmarginallyimproved,withtheleatherandtheseatingbeing
bothsofterbutmoresupportive.
Theupperpartofdoortrimwereredesignedtosoftentheshape.Series1carshadapronounced
chamfereffectinkeepingwiththeangularthemeofthedashboard.
Thedriverandallpassengerscomfortwasfurtherenhanced(onExclusivemodels)byvariableheat
seating,ratherthanasbeforejust"onoroff",withadialswitchallowingaheatsettingof1,2,or3.
Othermajorimprovementsinclude:
Better,morereliableelectricsandafastercomputersystemcontrollingthenewHydractive2
suspension.
Somemodelsalsoreceivedthe"AutoAdaptive"gearbox,whichsupposedlyassessesthedriver's
drivingstyle,thenswitchestothemostappropriateofapproximately6onboardprogrammes.This
gearboxwasfurtherenhancedbya"Sport"modebutton(inadditiontothesportsbuttonforthe
suspension),whichshortenedthegearchangetimes,thereforeofferingamoreresponsiveexperience.
Thefinalnewupgradeeffectingthedrivingexperiencesawtheintroductionofa"SnowMode"
button,locatednexttothenewsportmodebutton.Althoughrarelyusedinsomecountries,thiswasa
surprisinglyeffectiveadditiontothedriver'sarsenalduringanynotablefallsofsnowthatmayaffect
theroadahead,asimplepushofthisbuttoncommandsthegearboxtoonlyacceleratefrom2ndgear
andup,andnottorevtheenginetoohigh,thuspreventinganylossoftraction.
Inaddition,thefollowingchangesweremadetomakethecareasiertoacceptbymoremainstreamcar
buyers:
Asadirectconsequenceoftheirhighpressurehydraulics,earlyXMbrakepedalshadverylittle,if
any,travel.Phase2XMshadsomesponginessdeliberatelybuiltintothebrakingsystem(byinserting
asleevedspringintothepedallinkage)tomaketheirbrakesfeelmorelikethoseonothercars.
ThePhase2"Hydractive2"carsnolonger"settled"downtothebottomoftheirsuspensiontravel
afterhavingbeenparkedforawhilethisfeaturewastermed"AntiSink"byCitron.Suchsystems
haveevenmorecomplexhydraulicsthan'Sinkers'becauseoftheuseofisolatingvalvesandanextra
sphereneartherear'axle'.Thehydraulicsystemswerealsoalotquieterwhenmaneuveringthiswas
duetothechangesthe"AntiSink"systembrought.Earlycars,'sinkers',hadasingleoutputhydraulic
pumpwhichhaditsoutputdividedintoseparatecircuits,oneforthepowersteeringandoneforthe
suspension/brakecircuits(powersteeringneedsalargeflowratewhereasthesuspension/brakes
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doesn't).ThedevicewhichdoesthisjobiscalledaFDV(FlowDiverterValue),andthisdevice
hissesnoticeablywhenthecarisstandingstillormaneuvering.Aslightpullonthesteeringwheelor
ablipofthethrottlewillstopthehissforafewsecondsorso.Later"AntiSink"carshaveadual
outputpump,referredtoasa6+2pumpduetothenumberofinternalpistonchambers.Suchcars
thereforehavenoneedofthe"FDV"andthereforedonothiss.
TheDIRAVIfunctions
AfunctionmuchmissedbyCitronenthusiastswasthe"DIRAVI"System,previouslypresentintheSM
andCX.ThisoptionwasonlyavailablefortheFrenchorLHDExportmarketandthenonlyonthe3.0V6
models.Thefunctionalityvariedfromcartocar,butsimplyputthesystemaffectssteeringcontrol,atlower
speedslesssteeringcenteringforceaidsparkingandmakecitydrivingeasier,butathigherspeedsthe
systemmakesthesteeringheavierkeepingyouinastraightlineonhighwaysandsuppressingthe"sneeze"
factorinherenttofaststeeringratios.AnotherhelpfulfunctionofDIRAVIisitsabilitytoreturnthesteering
wheeltoitscentralorneutralpositionwhenletgobythedriver,evenwhenthecarisstationary.Thisis
especiallyhelpfulwhenparkingasthedrivercanbeassuredthathisorherwheelswillbeinthecorrect
positionwhentheignitionisturnedoffagainthisfunctionalsoaidshighspeed,straightlinedrivingon
highwaysetc.Althoughanoddsensationtostartwith,mostCitrondriversbecomeaccustomedtoDIRAVI
inaveryshorttime,onlyappreciatingitsuniqueabilitieswhentheyletgoofthesteeringwheelinacar
withoutDIRAVI,onlytofindnothinghappens.DIRAVImakesthetendencyofallcars'steeringtoreturn
tocenterconstantinDIRAVIequippedCitrons,ratherthanbeingaffectedbytireadhesion,roadtilt,tire
pressure,tirefailure,etc.
Variants
Thestandard5doormodelswerecalled"Berline".TheXM
wasalsoavailableasa"Break"(stationwagon)andin
France,TissiercontinuedatraditionbegunwiththeDSand
CX,convertingmanytobeusedasambulancesandspecialised
deliveryvehiclesincludingtheirdistinctivetwinrearaxle
conversions.
AlthoughnotanofficialvariantXMsproducedaround
1992/1993havebeentermedseries1.5carsduetothemixof
newertechnology(developedfortheseries2)withtheseries1
vehicletype.Oneexampleofthisbeingthealterationstothe
"Hydractive"suspensionsystemonsuchcars.Earlyvehicles CitronXMtwinrearaxleambulanceby
(series1)hadasystemthatcouldbeswitchedfrom'Comfort'to Tissier
'Sport'mode,thisdidexactlywhatyouwouldexpectand
firmedupthesuspensiononflickingtheswitchbutthismadeforaharshridewhichCitroenownersdon't
like.SoCitroendeveloped"Hydractive2"suspension(forseries2vehicles)thatalthoughinessencewas
thesameitworkeddifferently,itstillhadtotwostates'hard'and'soft'buttheswitchingwascontrolled
differently.Ingeneralsmoothgentledrivingthesuspensionwouldbein'soft'mode("Normal"mode
accordingtoCitroenonseries2vehicles)whichutilizedall6suspensionspheresandallowed'crossflow'of
fluidfromsidetosideproducingthecharacteristicwaftingride,butassoonasthesuspensionECUsensed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_XM 17/22
2/17/2015 CitronXMWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
alargeorsuddenchangeinoneofthesensorsitwouldputthesuspensioninto'hard'modelockingoutthe
extracentrespheresandstoppingthe'crossflow'offluid,thisdramaticallyfirmedupthesuspensionandcut
bodyroll,assoonasthevehiclestabilizedtheECUwouldswitchthesuspensionsystembackinto'soft'
mode.Thisisthebasisof"Hydractive2",asoftcossetingrideallthetimeunlesstheconditionsdemand
otherwise,switchinga"Hydractive2"vehicleinto"Sport"modedoesn'tjustswitchouttheextraspheresas
with"Hydractive1",itsimplyjustnarrowstheparametersthatcausethesuspensiontogointo'hard'mode
andkeepsthesuspensioninthatmodeforlongerbeforedefaultingbackto'soft'mode.Soaseries1.5
vehiclehasthestylingofaseries1butwithsomeofthesuspensionrefinementsoftheseries2vehicles.
Thereareotherdetailchangestotheactualimplementationofthe"Hydractive"butunlessyouare
maintainingthevehicleyourselftheseareunimportant.
Headlightissues
ComponentssupplierValeodesignedtheXM'slampsandasimilardesignwasusedontheEagle
Premier.[70]Thegoalofthedesignwastoreducethesizeofthelampsandtoincreasetheiroutput.The
XM'snew"complexsurface"headlampswerenotpowerfulenoughondippedbeam,[71]thoughmainbeam
wasperfectlyadequate.Thiscouldbetracedtotheuseofaplasticopticalelementbetweenthebulbandthe
outerlens,whichyellowedwithage.
TheXMwasnotalonehereearlyFordMondeossufferedfromthesameproblem.Series2(frommid1994
onwards)LHDXMshadimprovedlightunitswithouttheplasticelement,butslowUnitedKingdomsales
meantthesewereneverfittedtoRHDforms.Headlampretrofitkitsusingdualortripleroundopticsare
availablefromthirdpartysuppliers,thoughthischangestheaestheticsofthecar.Series1carscanbefitted
withseries2headlights.
USimport
TheXMwasimportedintotheUnitedStatesbyCXA,acompany
thathadimportedseveralhundredCX25GTiandPrestigemodel
carsforCitronloyalistsintheUSA.
CxAutopresentedtheXMatthe1991NewYorkMotorShow,in
thespringof1991andbeganconvertingandsellingtheXMPallas
(combinedwiththe2.0injectionengine)andtheXMVitesse
CitronXMhatchback(US) (combinedwiththe3.0V6engine).In1993,theXMExclusivewas
addedtotherange.Unfortunately,theXMcost40%morethanthe
CXPrestige,withapriceinexcessof$50,000andonlyafew
examplesweresold.Asaresultofnewer,tougherUSantipollutionstandards,theimportofthesecars
ceasedin1997.[72]XMpartsmustbesentoverfromEurope.
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Externallinks
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help(http://www.clubxm.co.uk)
CitronXMSpanishForumForoenEspaol(http://www.clubcitroenxm.com)
http://www.citroenet.org.uk/CitronXM(http://www.citroenet.org.uk/passengercars/psa/xm/xm
index.html)
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CitronXMsinmovies(http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?make=citroen&model=xm)
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