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Circuit Analysis Solutions

This document contains solutions to homework problems from an Ordinary Differential Equations course. It solves several initial value problems involving second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients or nonhomogeneous terms. The solutions involve finding the characteristic equation, complementary function, and particular integral to determine the general solution, and using initial conditions to solve for constants.

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Cheka Curativo
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89 views5 pages

Circuit Analysis Solutions

This document contains solutions to homework problems from an Ordinary Differential Equations course. It solves several initial value problems involving second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients or nonhomogeneous terms. The solutions involve finding the characteristic equation, complementary function, and particular integral to determine the general solution, and using initial conditions to solve for constants.

Uploaded by

Cheka Curativo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ordinary Differential Equations, Spring 2015

Solutions to Homework 6

Maximal grade for HW6: 100 points

Section 3.5: 3. Solve the equation y 00 y 0 2y = 2t + 4t2 .


Solution: The characteristic equation has the form:

r2 r 2 = (r + 1)(r 2) = 0,

its roots are r1 = 1 and r2 = 2. Therefore 0 is not a root, and we can


find a specific solution of the nonhomogeneous equation in the form y(t) =
A + Bt + Ct2 . We have:

y 0 = B + 2Ct, y 00 = 2C,

so

y 00 y 0 2y = 2Ct2 (2C + 2B)t + (2C B 2A) = 2t + 4t2 ,

and

2C = 4, 2B + 2C = 2, 2C B 2A = 0 C = 2, B = 3, A = 7/2.

Finally,
7
y(t) = + 3t 2t2 + C1 et + C2 e2t .
2
18. Solve the initial value problem:

y 00 2y 0 3y = 3te2t , y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.

Solution: The characteristic equation has the form:

r2 2r 3 = (r + 1)(r 3) = 0,

its roots are r1 = 1 and r2 = 3. Therefore 2 is not a root, and we can


find a specific solution of the nonhomogeneous equation in the form y(t) =
(A + Bt)e2t . We have:

y 0 (t) = Be2t +2(A+Bt)e2t , y 00 (t) = 2Be2t +2Be2t +4(A+Bt)e2t = 4(A+B+Bt)e2t ,

1
so

y 00 2y 0 3y = (4A+4B+4Bt4A4Bt2B3A3Bt)e2t = (2B3A3Bt)e2t ,

and
3B = 3, 2B 3A = 0 A = 2/3, B = 1.
We conclude that the general solution has the form
2
y(t) = ( + t)e2t + C1 et + C2 e3t .
3
Finally,
2 4
y(0) = + C1 + C2 = 1, y 0 (0) = 1 C1 + 3C2 = 0,
3 3
so
5 7 2
C1 + C2 = , C1 + 3C2 = C1 = , C2 = 1.
3 3 3
and
2 2
y(t) = ( + t)e2t + et + e3t .
3 3
19. Solve the initial value problem:

y 00 + 4y = 3 sin 2t, y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = 1.

Solution: The characteristic equation has the form r2 + 4 = 0, so r1 = 2i


and r2 = 2i. The general solution of the homogeneous equation y 00 + 4y = 0
can be written as y(t) = C1 cos 2t + C2 sin 2t. Since the argument in the right
hand side coincides with the argument of the general solution (that is, 2i
coincides with the root of the characteristic equation), we need to look for a
solution of the nonhomogeneous equation in the form

y(t) = At sin(2t) + Bt cos(2t).

We have:

y 0 (t) = A sin(2t) + 2At cos(2t) + B cos(2t) 2Bt sin(2t),

y 00 (t) = 2A cos(2t)+2A cos(2t)4At sin(2t)2B sin(2t)2B sin(2t)4Bt cos(2t),

2
so
y 00 (t) + 2y(t) = 4A cos(2t) 4B sin(2t).
Therefore A = 0 and B = 34 , hence the general solution of the nonhomoge-
neous equation has the form
3
y(t) = t cos(2t) + C1 cos 2t + C2 sin 2t.
4
Now
3 3
y 0 (t) = cos(2t) + t sin(2t) 2C1 sin(2t) + 2C2 cos(2t),
4 2
3 1
y(0) = C1 = 2, y 0 (0) = + 2C2 = 1 C2 = .
4 8
Finally,
3 1
y(t) = t cos(2t) + 2 cos 2t sin 2t.
4 8
Section 3.8: 15. Solve the initial value problem

y 00 + y = F (t), y(0) = y 0 (0) = 0,

where
F0 t,
0t
F (t) = F0 (2 t), < t 2

0, t > 2.

Solution: The characteristic equation is r2 + 1 = 0, with roots at i,


so the general solution of the homogeneous equation has the form y(t) =
C1 cos t + C2 sin t. Note that for a linear function F (t) we can take F (t) itself
as a particular solution of the nonhomogeneous equation y 00 + y = F (t). Let
us solve the equation separately on each interval:
1) On [0, ] the general solution equals y(t) = F0 t+C1 cos t+C2 sin t. Since
y (t) = F0 C1 sin t + C2 cos t, we have y(0) = C1 = 0, y 0 (0) = F0 + C2 = 0,
0

so C2 = F0 and y(t) = F0 t F0 sin t. Note that y() = F0 , y 0 () = 2F0 .


2) On [, 2] the general solution equals y(t) = F0 (2 t) + D1 cos t +
D2 sin t. Since y 0 (t) = F0 D1 sin t + D2 cos t, we have y() = F0 D1 =
F0 , y 0 () = F0 D2 = 2F0 , so D2 = 3F0 and y(t) = F0 (2 t)3F0 sin t.
Note that y(2) = 0 and y 0 (2) = 4F0 .

3
3) On [2, +) the general solution equals y(t) = E1 cos t+E2 sin t. Since
y (t) = E1 sin t + E2 cos t, we have y(2) = E1 = 0, y 0 (2) = E2 = 4F0 , so
0

y(t) = 4F0 sin t.


Combining these three intervals, we get

F0 t F0 sin t,
0t
y(t) = F0 (2 t) 3 sin t, < t 2

4 sin t, t > 2.

18(a). Solve the initial value problem for 6= 1:

y 00 + y = 3 cos t, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.

Solution: The characteristic equation is r2 + 1 = 0, with roots at i,


so the general solution of the homogeneous equation has the form y(t) =
C1 cos t + C2 sin t. Since 6= 1, we can take y = A cos t + B sin t, then

y 0 (t) = A sin t + B cos t, y 00 (t) = A 2 cos t + B 2 sin t,

so
y 00 + y = A(1 2 ) cos t + B(1 2 ) sin t.
Since > 0, 6= 1, we get 1 2 6= 0, so
3 3
A = 0, B = 2
y(t) = cos t + C1 cos t + C2 sin t.
1 1 2
Now
3
y(0) = + C1 = 0, y 0 (0) = C2 = 0,
1 2
so
3
y(t) = (cos t cos t).
1 2
19(a). Solve the initial value problem for 6= 1:

y 00 + y = 3 cos t, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1.

Solution: In previous problem, we checked that the general solution has


the form
3
y(t) = cos t + C1 cos t + C2 sin t.
1 2

4
Since
3
y(0) = + C1 = 1, y 0 (0) = C2 = 1,
1 2
we get
3 3
y(t) = 2
cos t + (1 ) cos t + sin t = .
1 1 2
3
(cos t cos t) + (cos t + sin t).
1 2

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