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DE Unit-3 Notes PDF

1) There are two types of sequential logic circuits - combinational and sequential. 2) Combinational circuits have outputs that depend only on present inputs, while sequential circuits have outputs that depend on present inputs and past outputs. 3) Latches and flip-flops are examples of sequential elements that are used to store past history or state in sequential circuits.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views38 pages

DE Unit-3 Notes PDF

1) There are two types of sequential logic circuits - combinational and sequential. 2) Combinational circuits have outputs that depend only on present inputs, while sequential circuits have outputs that depend on present inputs and past outputs. 3) Latches and flip-flops are examples of sequential elements that are used to store past history or state in sequential circuits.

Uploaded by

SandeepGandhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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l,
O\I
0

I o l"
t, lr
JJ
rio Qr | )l 10
J
ric)
rlr
I lr
C)

I
t r
r
o
[^
ll
I)
lo
\o
lo
lr
j
k -Nqp S?rr,npti(fco*tevr " -
4or s
{er-.\
T.
o
o
.'o R= KQn
==r6n
o( Jl-K 4tip - top cr.s? SPFP:-

toq?c diuqrurm of
TK trF tt siuq se Rp .

,ryW
v Aqgru$ q\d DQSiq\ ai EuNPrs qo\) @
lt\\.J+

Sequent\q\ citc-uits
-rhe- sqvrchitoY\oLts o\ c-toc<qd sa?uevr\ral circ-uits are
rqp\aSe-nted b3 tu)o nrroctek .

) V\oorq c-tt cuit q9\ \ tv\oo\a v.o&el


(p\) umxe $\ec_htne
ri

Lr0 t\eo.\1 irxcu\t


\ . t \oo\ e !'rrkrqrfrt : -

(1s\ooxe irttrr\t otP Aepends on\1 o\1 \e- Pra\qh\


stG\e- o-( F F's '
(ittlp cho'snQes doesrn't e-( qcl -t\^e- o(P .

tiil) $ xentf,,res W\OYQ \0. oR Sto\es (of tm p(tme


-trrt\u.q 4rrtr ttrg\n tr:b.icln
e
rS tunt 1qqnqr111ed tlSi
q

Meq\q circutt
L\
o/es J
11t;{ tt _J
jit,- B,D' o v\oo\e c-\rtrfrt il I

E r_lf \$ .

J
\J _

,rb.r,->r(e
(
f-It--t 'p3,
\^,-, JJH
\c4:;"
,GD,
H5-:'ore +
=
Sq-
=: !
Lxorrrnqre
- '\ Stqte dro.g -Fov
TC)\ moo\e
\y\ULr\y ,lftLr.^it +
c-if L\dtt,
I
er{
A. Uqq\.-r cift.r.tt:- J
-vwCI- P\ca (eft Rtote j
ri) tne otp depen&s osl tcot\
oe -{\re- trtr's o-rnd o\f\ \\^a- i(P'S J
o(p o'f -Fl^q ckt'
tii) ste c\ro'rqeA
--'\-' u e-P.Pe cn tvre
v\r.\o.t *l
regrxt.ve1 ,-^^
tess .^A p,f StGtes
v1o " o
-esx
e*rrtec *sx J
l,i\) tt
-,,nnPtetne-n\ -t\,'e -kr.nc$srn u>\n',,cl.n iS \wrp\eMt.t.'j
u.s\rnq V\oeire elrtutt
il
o /e\
J

s\q :^ R.u. o( t te\ erf rrfrt

x-> D,
r(F
Y-+ o/P.

s\q ,^
--:(\ " Exou,np\e oe rneo.\ c\\qLrit
%
-

qa*.^g\e
sit -'- sto.Iq &ioq
- 4or tvfea\X CrSC_Ur\

Sl=ps Qx $e uSqs g+ -4. S\rchNus co()

SeOr.lqrntrq\
*---Jr--
asss\\'--
s{e1: I '" obtdtr *tv\q Stc$e tubl.q \\^o trve,\^
'Ffst\o

c-trtrt.\t i"n(oxrtY\elS\A\A Sr-r'c-\lr o"{ S\u\e &oq fR\An


S{ep e- ' RedLLce- vtb' s S.lcq-teA i.e possib(e- log

stqte. re-&uc\igrn lechvr\guQ'


qo.c-l-rr S\ete
-S'tep 3 : ASS^\Rn binort vq\ueS, to irA

\nq Sto.te to-h(.e


itep q I Dgp\tr/tr\e \\s- vro, oQ- trtrs Vre*e-d.qc( otrd
c\r.eosq \.\,71o- \te*' o( trtr 10 \oe \rSqd
SteP 5' Frotn -t\Na- StcJte to-\otq dqr\vq 'tv\e ctrqu\
qxtto.xs\ + o(P tqb\qs '
StePG: Us\\ \e*Verp, Des\\q -t\^Q- c.$erf\\ o(p s.rn*iovrsil
Gvrd -t\ne FF t (e 4u'tnct\gvrs '

step+' DYa\$ *\\ne- \.Ri. diaXtoxn


',{p + to(F -tv\oJt ckt
A sequexr*ioJ circtrt'r hG!, r
-9'-
S*c*e AiaXtwn ts shPtov'r Lrq(oq> besi qvr \t\a
Se2uenl'o{ .

c\rtui\ uuitrn b*Ftr"


\/o

6)--
-/\
N
g- S.t gJ' S\qtq &toq'cuTvr
fhe- gtven gtc\te- Aloqrronr \nqS 4 srq*Q{
uttV ovrq. i (f ou,,r,.A ov\a ole co.nSi &er\,rq x -+ i/e
Y --+ orP
Nqxt Stqt_ o1p (v)
Presqvrt sto.te_ x=o X=l
Qa*r Qun, Qa*, Qe*,
X=-o X:l
Qa Qe,
v
r\
o
o oo ro
OO
o
o
v
I -I
J
JJ
I t O

I b t 0 ol I o
OO lo o
J
I I

: .SLat-
{_beg-*?_r ot\
SbaLe Reduction
Qe aod sbate
aod sbate Assiga mPYt
*t\qte btn arr v o.Iutr as e o\rea&6 ossghed
1 J
to Stqtes
avr& it ts v\o t possib[e {o Yqdtrce *l
\No. oF Stq\e.s bscaU\a no f^ro pfQsqVrt &iqies,
+
ute-xt srotes o.,.,.,d o(p's a\q Sqwe
:1
Dqtq\$n"N\a- r\o" o+ FF'\ 5ogtrired
SSpa'
Dq\s\$N\\Nq v\o, o( FF's tequ.\red .^*i^q q?.,

2_
h ZNI \.\ *) nb. o( FF's .

t-I *) \^o, o( StaSeCI


t\a4
.'. f\:2
Ftr's --+ z
teAr-rr\red
trFs u-s\wq -+ D F"Fs

s+ept: e x?to.Xe\,.r tq\st.q

NaKt stCIs.a
Q nt r Qe+r

o o o O C) olo
o O I
I o
o I
o I I tt ,o ('.. o - ss
o eX\.(o.JrG\^ tat{(a
O I I O OO o
I o o I o to ,
,l
I b I o I
OI o -
I I o o oc) I l

I I I t 1O o )

step 5 : K- ttup s\x.np(i(i <51lt\SVt .

! t{ -\^clp S\srnp[\t\co+\sM 4ox FF i (g (utrr,cNsrrs + sQ-?u elvtia


Si\{aj
I
i.rc.rr.tt otp +u.n(\Stn .

el---ea Io\__DR
Fo\ y

eNq^ o\ \r rO

"'ff O
)
E
noo Dq = Qo$QnO X .'" DB- Q69ux +Qn%K Y 0}.
= Qn$ux + Qa
srqP 6. [oqic dreX,cosn
Osqi qn4i cJ
il
J
JJ
E
Qe
x
Qq
x
il
tr
t,. Loqtc- diuqrurnn o yqaq\1r
geXuerUial

S,
c_if qu=,t .Sor tluen
Sto*e c[i5ruu,r .
J
. \an\\
^Jt9E?
2?'
Q : Re-o-\i1q t1^re Se-auQrn tra! circuit 4ox \^o S\*t< d,iograwr T
Shoc'rn
J
j
Be\rcto ,

Grive-n Sto.re dio1.


OtnQ- t{p , ov\e o{p .
hoS J
J
c-re\n\sidq\t\ x *--) i{p
Y _> orP
-l
-l
J
&ft: stc*e to-h@-
J
P'tesqnt Stq*a

0
Next Sta.tq
X=o X: I
orr_*put
v J
*l
b b o
s.l
b
C
C

a
C

a
O

l
J
il
*SP_g: Stcrr Rec!.trCl.t Svr

'th'ere fS \^D PossihititY o( Sto*e


Rqductigv)
qfQ- SaY!\o
S\v.rce r\o tueo gt cl:tQ\ , Niqxt S\ateg + olp's '

SSp 3 : N-\o ' o( Ftr's Required


Detqxon\rrre- Y\o' oF eels reauited utr\v$ qT .

z. I si n -> vro . o( Fe'S


N\ -.> vr.o, cr ( stcl*-Q!

,.\z 3
.' . n:2

ir e'. requi xed = )-


u.s\uq <) T
LI-'-
s_lsg-k: Sto.te Assiqrrwrevt

A ssiqn B\nG\U vu\ue-s Stg.*e!

O.=DO , b:Ol , Cl tO

:JS!s: Ex ltqt\e\ tobte


P leSQY\t Stote- S(ext Sbta
QR*r Qe.t r

oo ol OI
oo '"' t-
ol ol GF
exttose,ohd4
ot lo ll
o) to !l Qn Q*
o o/o
T
lg to oo ol /r
lcr oCI to ( o
I [s Urruled $cr.te . '"o T(e6q *{V\a*
r1/olr
Stqtq t StcLtQ
q.S d,rrit (aye
StepG: K- vrcr.p s\ nnp[i(i co-tieq .

K*\^o.p sivrnp\firqtienrn oV FF'* t1p 4uneligy\( qvrd


l..
l'L seXu.evttl.o! eircu.tt o [p 4ult Cd\g^4 .

l_
l_
-h
&r-r^
qA
CI
gx-

I
Fov

I
TB

-ll
x/x
D
4ox v

*" Y:Qn
t: Ta=qAx+QB Ts= 6a
Stqp6: L-oq\C b\AGQAM c
y ("1e)
il
$
$gl- Lontc Aio.ryurnn o M<:c>rQ seauel^rtroJ ctct-
fur g"rven Sto.js d-,ioXtu-r,rrr ,

il
q...
-\)
DQSiET\ o. ctocro-d se-?u'qntio'0 c.rruit {o r stq*e
J
dioqXc^vr' SVtot'sn Lqlow '

T
So,t'-.
. Gt?veur s\o$.e
-\) diqg.
o

IJ
h*l 5 srqh"es u:\*\ q

ovr.a tle and ovro- o{p.

CowtiQeXtr,rq ,

X --+
Y --5 olP
ite
'
-l
.-l
J
-<tR!-t
"
PYQSq\Nt
stota ts\atq
gtcr.-ts- t.\QKt St+te
X=O x=
-lp Cv )
N-:O X -- I
JJ
*l
1

q bc_ o c
b dEc o e-I
J
I

,,/ ,l c d O T
J
C-

d O
x.{ "
il
:l
c)
a + q- Sto'\"S Nleet- stqtQs o-,r',d. o(p's qre saune .

f^\q co,\0\ Cqn (gl eit\ef c@\)Q Stete" ?( Q is


Co-rn cq\\ed t[o,r.,r rQP(oca e-
ruitV C.

Rq&uced StG\e tcrL\e

prcse$\ gtc\Q N\qK\ gtcte o[p (v)


X:o K:t x:o A:l
q b C oo
b d. C (o
C d
d o. d oo
Step > r De\q\w\\\AO- \nO' o( trs'S roqtr-\fed "

v\o . o Cs reXuited to
s cte st grn se?' e\<t <:o'l^ be
&e\q\wr^\\^od to X \\^o Q-a' ,

>\ > N V\+ !1o" o( trF\


Nt*) Yto' o+ StatQJ"
Zn > 4
C A4tet stc,,.\e rectuc*ivr 51= \ )
J
n:2_
v\o . o( e Cs regurr.red : Z
trtr\ rl\\\+ D..trtr's
sjsg*3 : St cr*\a Ass iqvrwrQ[t

A lS\tr) t<\vrcx\\ Vq-Q-ttl--l rc g\ct-tQ{

q=OO , lo=C)i ,
c=\o . d=(t
Exttc*\qn 'tubLu
:tse\
(&- P-uo ce-)+re -e &.'rr

E ptre.r iou s
g-"ule-)

l: SLeP 5 - .>nGf gt'-di{iccl.ti on :t


: k I
;l
;l

l-
I

t,

ttn!_6 : c
l- log\ d;a3ra'n

l_
t:
c\orwec$ se?. circL\',.t o\ gt;
s DesiRf\ d-iaXrcrun

Shc,ton b,q[oc-,o'

So.Q'.-
-=,,: t\e- tivam s\o.-te cL"oq.

'Vrqg + bq\es qlr'tfn one.


I
A
"/-\"-d"
i(P 4 ov\e o(tr ,

ce\AS\&e't\u.q X *+ i[e
I Y -) o(e. C}
Vo

St?(l Sta._\e lo.toh

I P\ase\h sr(].-\Q NqKt Srqte o(p (v)


Xto xst X:o K: I

rr
q c*b ;:;
b dc. oo
g
C .Xe- d rt
d
ve- 4 o- O
+ .ye + 1O
XX -$ o. Ot

e-( t Sto.teS N\a(t Sto,-tse,s qvrd o [P's afe \quvre .

.', \,\-\e Cqn c-qr^ceJ eit\\e\ Q- er\ t StosQ r 's' ?s

cunce\\ed -{^a\ rep(o.cq t u:itrn g.

re&uced S{cLre tGIa U

P\QSESt StG\Q NQXt Stq*e o{p(v)


K:O x:l x=o Xl I

q o
b o
C- ,

a
e_

.4'
d. a\\d ( s\o&e\ N-\qK\ st che\ qvrd o (P's c\Ye lernia J
CG\C\ cqvrqql ei\ef A Qr\ + Stote' t( {' is
-u^.tq
'( (l
b\\\^
ilJ
cl
csnrq\\ed \\^or.^ \eP\o-te
&iwo.-\ redLtced Stcr*e totoLq

J
PTQSq\rt

q
g\e\tQ b-\aK\ g1*tQ
Ks-o X\l
L
o[p (v)
x:o k:l
c>O I
b
e
d
Q-

Q_
C

d
d
OO

1o
ol
tJJ
d a
J
|<._

s3sg.:z I

s Q-' ,\ >s
rrr= 3
)
JJ
, FF's usiuq *-, b FF's .

SSgl : S\o.re Ast iqulw\Q.^ 1

Ass\qrn ki\^q\\ Vql^^o_r

CsOtO,
to Stetes

t\ , q: \CIo
ilJ
O.- OOO , b=C)r5r , =o
JJ
o-0.

t1;>t , tr D , \\ \ o.YQ L\\Lr\ec$ S'to.te\


.". \qorh *\\or A q.-\ Aoq't Cqyeg JJ
li"er {ox tot , i\o , \[ I stGte. , l.-\Qtt sto$es a^"c/ J
i IP o.,nd o lp's a.\e do rr't cqY-Q{ Je-t
6WP +': Ercitettior t*b\e-
Ske I 5 : K'^ .rno-P sr tn?\ ih caF, ozr
JJ
sJ"?_j : Logic- Si o3r^\"/r
:l
\-O$
^6\\y r- obtG"\f) t\rrs reducqd StCI.te lq\rsle cr,.-,,.d teducod .S\o{q
'Za.v
cr Se-autent-\o\ cKt uolnose Sto\e c[iogvowy
cLioqsurlo ox

g\AOLO\ \,,sq\OtO.

*-So"0
l-
t\e qtve sto.le Aio,qrc,.wr
hq9 ? S\q\es, nr\e i(p 4 roh,
(e Ng l&qv\rxq
u'*-->rre Ii
tl
ri
t'
i

Step t ' sto:hu tobLq .1,

P\eSe_\L\ Stcte siert Sto.$e


x =o xs-l XsO X:l
q qb o o
b cd o O
e o.d o O
d e+ o I
/q
+
xe- +
xx
e-+ \ Stote\ N\q1\ Bt-qtQS q\ d o[p's u\e SqW

"" L{Q CqYr co.vrte-[ qlrrVe\ a (e\\ t s\qtQ . f". t o


(s

Cq\ce\\qd *\snr YeP\a\cq t t-r:'r.p. Q,

re-sl.urced stc\e to.b[e

f Cesqy\\ Stcr.te Ne(t Etau\e_


X=o X= t

q C\
OO
b C.
OC)
e G. oo
-,/ d e
e a
x+
cl + 1- Stqteg N\aK\ sra\qE o-vrd otp S o.(e &e\,\Aa
;.-fI
\,^\q cq\ qU$lQQl e-it\lrq\ .!. Qo\) + Stqte te .' ts I
-cl,.t 'l
t!
c-a\QQ[\ec0 *\\q\ Yeploce "( trrit\
t\
ervrcr$ xe&r-lc-ed -.l
i-l
S\CLIQ tC\hQ

P(QSq\N\ gta.le t.-\qX\ (tcr.\e


Xto Xtl

.c\ .\
C)O
oo
OO
i
=-l
--J
Q- d. ol =-l
o\ -J
=i
J
Reduced stq\e dioqro.r\N^ :
J
-J
J
=J
-J

&.
? bsvive *tkq tvcxrn\i t-t e\^ tqbh , State+ Se-1q
"\alo(a
"-l
I
n r J
Seauent\a! c-i6tutt 6fvenn 6e lo,.r..]
dicr.qfc.rln {*rx *\N[ Moore

J
F- J
J
J
-I
J
J
:l
{o.['.
1:
Ste-p t : oerqvrNn\rnq\1^q trF t(e Egr'S S *1^a ..(p e?.s
o$ sq?u.e-\\\G! cirqtttt , trre\\n -t\^g ohove seg. cKt,

FF itp e?rs Sqq, siret\it o(e


SA=Qe F : en@ee
K4 = XQe
sB=k
t<s = Qa@X

Stepz '. bq\\Ue -t\r\q t\uVrsit\Snn e9''S '


r\ne *\urnsit\eN\ qq,.s 4ot 'sK eCs <a\n' be-

&qx\seS 4ve,r11 {,1,..tr c-\rqrCo.e}ef


,I
sc eg:, o :rK trF '
;
t c-lnox. e-g. oS $R F[e Qntr= TQ .r,t K
:;1
9^*, = TnQn + ?.a Qa

A(ter srrtsstfrs.r{\q 56 +'' KA q?yis ,

Above- Q+\\ be cowps ,

Ater srr.\ost*u.$ufl Te ( Kq qYi5,


Aboue Q+\4. LQCo\0AQS r

S(EP B: rT{CLrnSitrg1n lo-h [O-


--
, P\eSa\ftt stqte X=o \ K=l
OL\\ Pt R
9R** QBn,,,
F

OO ol oo O
DI tl 1O 1

o l0 1l IO
t,
'o o {1"
a
E
s5s!5: srq\e tq\atlL sl{
(ornq\&et\q e:oo, b=6r, c=\o, &=_q :l
aJ
P\esq\n\ gto.tq

C\
l{qx\ S\a.\e
x=o x:
lsq
I
ofe ( e)

o
IJ
6 dc J
C
dc.
1

I
J
$S! 5:
d

stG\e &ic._qxowr
o.d o

x:r
I
J

.rB\=" J
-.CQ.-o=n-h C
\tr6=y* .{
Lf+
==

.{

a;I..
r
qA
^ ii) 4
d
L{ l:" es, (o\) Atr,)__(_":di I ;;;tl_T:d
Q. :' A sq?uevrtlo.-g cfvcr-..'t
Seyuavrtlo.-g c-fvcl..'t c^rittn
.^rittr tr,Jo uD - sek r> Fl
Fplr A ,(4 s d
o"^d ile x q ole y . ?s speutied tog -t uq
i
{ottorntq N\ert gt ute. o.ud o lp e2uc.-tigMs J
Act*t) - Ax + Bx
BCI+D: A'x v * r.r ^\.,r
; y=(A+e).x' Is
ti) Dfoto -t\^q toq?c &ic^gf cr.urn o + -flAo cKt
4 -+tAo *l
Li) Dqyrve cr. ' GI
stc.-te tq.b
bqrwe *\rrL
*"" ste]-\a ci\xc^litn
: I
SoQ ti) (o$c di\rawr
A
x
B
x
{or D-Ftr,

De
=A (t+x)
A Ds = BCt.rD .

B
T
r\i1 Stc'1e lcrts\e_

P\asq\n\ stqte ole (v


AR A[tr\ $Ctttr AGID R(tt$ X=o xrl
o o OO D O o
o I oo I I 1 o
I o oo I O I o
I
oO t o o

cons\ d.eriq 91=oO, b=o!


ti\) Stqte dio-qtqwl
\\ c: to , d.=tl

X:o x: \

o. qb oo
b qd to
C qC lo
d aC lo
Qt)
co\Astd.an\\ o.=oO [o
=ot , c: lcl t d.: r r

!
a
I
o.\a U\\1.)qrrtqd
-+ l-\o.eqrd.S a\a sulitctn\\
u''ruoqrrte-d Su:ttc_W,\ qn\s
t\ohs( qnts \ur
-+1,^

-
^^.,u .l
o.ppe-o,\ o-b *\,\q otp o"( a. ctv-tut\ teco.use-- d(+erEn-
J
pot\s qxtbit cl\t+qrrqo.t pvoputq$\ovt &e\s
J
'+ Hsre\&s Dcc\L\ tn csxnb\vrquo\c-j . crrcutts , u._rhqre
t\nuu \^oJ{ c_o-\rse- o. tqrrn pot\o-yt6 4u\sq o(p va\ue n
sl
t^\\Na^^ -t\is c-sw&i\is,rn occ\r\q o\\r, sq?u.q\tto-g civquits,
{
'\t NNcrrd \ Strtt trr.r o tfan St t\orr to a o\o\Nt Stah\a-
:i
r|
Stq\e-
CtusSi$tcqt\rsrrr o Ua.AGYds : - J
1tnqrq ara R di((erqw1 \pes c:( HqZuvds +
+rq>qvd
(t ) sto.ttc Ho.tq'ccl at-.-Stqticro T
\----- =
stut\c - r Horc^vc/
tiit Dgnuxnerc Ho>qvd a+
. ((r\) f,ssenuo_! Horo.vd =
C.|

t' Lt) Ftot\c - r , $alo-yd ".^ C.!


t
r^r\rrs^A o. c\quit oU\p tL\ toes \o Mov\qnt j
*a(\.1 'o' , u:he\q 'rt \.CI.\ to fq\.no.irfr qt CtrvrS\eV\b '[ ' ,
J
*\e-rrr t,.)Q- so\ -t\Gt citttr.*tt t\at 'stor,*ic
- t Ho.Eqvd . +

U Mo*errtcrtt\6 cvrarnfie{,
t-rolnvcc-. I=
_!is'.^ stctt?.^r sl
tii) :- *{
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