CSIC Annual 2016-Medium

Cambridge Centre for
Smart Infrastructure
& Construction
Annual Review 2016
Implementing
innovation
Innovation
when ideas generate economic value in the form of
new and improved products and services
Smart infrastructure
when physical and digital infrastructure converge
Optical fibre fusion splicer being operated in

the CSIC lab
Contents
Executive updates
Introduction from Professor Lord Mair, Head of CSIC 3 12
Awards
About CSIC 5 won
Industry update from John Pelton, Crossrail 7

Implementing innovation
New from CSIC 8 46
Cities and infrastructure systems research overview 11 Industry
Partners
Asset management research overview 13
Data analytics and interpretation research overview 15
Sensor development and data collection research overview 17
Case studies 18
819
Outreach and events 30 Papers
published
Our people
CSIC Phase One academics and sta 32
Looking ahead
Phase Two update from the CSIC Director 36
Introducing CSIC Phase Two academics 37 27
Nationalities
International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and 39 on sta
Construction 2016
UK Collaboratorium on Research in Infrastructure and Cities 40
95
Site
Steering Group demonstrations
Professor John Burland CBE, Imperial College London (Chair)
Peter Adams, Highways England
Dr Keith Bowers, London Underground
Volker Buscher, Arup
Alan Couzens, Infrastructure and Projects Authority 949,000
Commercial
Tim Embley, Costain incomes
Tom Foulkes, Independent Consultant
Steve Hornsby, Independent Consultant
Professor Andrew McNaughton, HS2
Adam Locke, Laing O'Rourke
David Pocock, CH2M

15.2M
Non-IKC research
Richard Ploszek, Infrastructure and Projects Authority grant funding
Stephen Pottle, Transport for London
Dr Scott Steedman CBE, British Standards Institute (BSI)
John St Leger, HS2
Paul Westbury CBE, Laing O'Rourke
319
Wireless sensors
International Advisory Group deployed
Professor Tom ORourke, Cornell University, USA (Chair)
Professor Michael Batty CBE, University College London HH
H
Professor Yozo Fujino, University of Tokyo, Japan
Dr W Allen Marr, Geocomp Corporation, USA
Professor Bill Spencer, University of Illinois, USA 3
Spin-out
Professor Paul Wright, University of California, Berkeley, USA companies
Professor Hehua Zhu, Tongji University, China
Cover photograph of CSIC technician Jason Shardelow installing Cumulative gures from 2011 to
monitoring on a masonry arch by Dr Sinan Akgz April 2016
CSIC www.centreforsmartinfrastructure.com Annual Review 2016 1

Executive updates
The UK must continue
to be world-leading in
engineering
innovation. We cannot
aord to slip behind.
The capability and
capacity to innovate is
the key to prosperity in
the 21st century.
CSIC Research Associates Niamh Gibbons

and Liam Butler
Innovation brings opportunities to smart infrastructure
Jointly funded by the Engineering and Infrastructure and Cities a consortium of

Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) leading UK universities doing research in
and Innovate UK, CSIC is a hub for the infrastructure and cities, of which
infrastructure and construction industry, Cambridge is a founding member. This
bringing together leading academics and investment will result in substantial benets
industrialists, developing a faster route for for industry. Implementing the latest
innovation adoption, providing an innovations from such research in its
ecosystem for building condence in new construction and operation will be highly
innovations and enabling their timely benecial for projects such as HS2, as it will
implementation and exploitation. be for other large infrastructure projects.
Change happens when academia and The world is changing very rapidly and it is
industry drive innovation. The digital therefore vital for the economy to have a
revolution has opened the door for smarter high level of UK research and development
infrastructure. We have the technology to (R&D) investment in science and
understand exactly how a building, a tunnel, engineering the UK must continue to be
a bridge, or a railway line is actually world-leading in engineering innovation.
Professor Lord Mair performing during construction and We cannot aord to slip behind.
throughout its lifetime. This will lead to
Head of CSIC improved asset management, as operators The capability and capacity to innovate is
Sir Kirby Laing Professor of will know how to prioritise what needs to be the key to prosperity in the 21st century.
Civil Engineering replaced and when, and how to manage it Innovate UK, the UKs innovation agency
all much more eciently. Smart and one of CSICs funders, funds, supports
infrastructure also enables more economic and connects innovative businesses to
design, reduced costs and greater accelerate sustainable economic growth.
The Cambridge Centre for Smart
eciencies, both in the capital cost of Innovate UKs schemes show substantial
Infrastructure and Construction (CSIC) is
construction and in the subsequent leverage, with an average of 6 returned to
transforming the future of infrastructure and
operating costs, delivering benets to the economy in GVA for every 1 invested.
construction through smarter information
multiple stakeholders.
enabling better decision-making.
As the case studies in this Annual Review
Developing and deploying emerging
Upcoming major infrastructure projects, show, CSICs ability to demonstrate the value
technologies from world-leading research at
including Thames Tideway and HS2, are of smart infrastructure to the construction
the University of Cambridge, CSIC
adopting innovation as a driving force, but industry, and help facilitate wider industry
collaborates with more than 40 Industry
there needs to be wider industry take-up for adoption of innovative technologies and
Partners across a wide range of projects to
change to be truly transformative. tools, is already proving to be of great
implement innovation in this crucial sector
advantage to the UK engineering base.
of the economy.
Even in these stringent times, investment in
new infrastructure, such as Crossrail, and Innovation will secure the UKs future
There has already been substantial impact of
money spent on research into new growth. CSIC will continue to focus on
CSICs activities in terms of the wide variety
technology, is money very well spent. It is cutting edge R&D and integrate these
of new tools and technologies, including
vital for our economy to invest in the future; innovations to benet industry and support
bre optic strain measurement, UtterBerry
the economy of this country depends on the UK to be leading in the design,
ultra-low power wireless sensor motes,
having modern, t-for-purpose development and delivery of smart
vibration energy harvesting devices, the
infrastructure. infrastructure.
CSattAR photogrammetric monitoring
system, computer vision and data
Engineering impacts all our lives in so many
management tools. These can be used in
ways. It accounts for at least 20% of gross
combination to oer a whole-life approach
value added (GVA) for the UK economy, and
to infrastructure - from design to
some estimates are signicantly higher.
construction, operation, maintenance and
Building a stronger economy relies on
decommissioning - ensuring that
engineering innovation and also requires
infrastructure assets provide best value
addressing the problem of the growing
throughout their life. These innovations have
engineering skills crisis. Investment needs to
been tested and proved on some of the
be underpinned by Government-funded
largest civil engineering projects in the UK,
university research in science and
including Crossrail, National Grid London
engineering. I welcome the Governments
Power Tunnels, London Underground
National Infrastructure Delivery Plan, which
station upgrades, and the Staordshire
includes a 138 million investment in United
Alliance West Coast Mainline railway bridges
Kingdom Collaboratorium for Research in
for Network Rail.
Executive updates Annual Review 2016 3

CSIC Research Associate Paul Fidler operating
a 3D Laser Scanner in The James Dyson
Building at the University of Cambridge
About CSIC
Transforming the future of infrastructure through
smarter information
CSIC brings together world-class infrastructure. Working closely with industry
engineering research, academic excellence enables CSIC to develop technologies and
and commercial industry with the key aim of tools that respond eectively to real industry
transforming infrastructure and achieving challenges. CSIC is actively involved with
sustainability in construction through smart many of the countrys largest and most
information. challenging engineering projects including
Crossrail, National Grid Power Tunnels and
Innovation is crucial to delivering smarter the Northern Line Extension, working to
infrastructure for the future. Collaboration innovate the future of the infrastructure
and knowledge sharing are vital to this goal, industry.
and CSIC currently works with 41 Industry
Partners, including Crossrail, Arup, Toshiba Strategically CSIC focuses on four spatial
and CERN. CSIC also works with industry scales of activity in order to integrate
bodies including the Construction developments across these areas and deliver
Leadership Council (CLC) and the Institution holistic and cohesive solutions to industry
of Civil Engineers (ICE) to unite the industry challenges: Cities and infrastructure systems;
in smart innovation. Asset management; Data analysis and
interpretation; and Sensors and data
CSIC engages with its Industry Partners to collection.
develop commercial technologies, tools for
data analysis, visualisation and The impact of CSICs strategic activities and
management, best practice guidance codes industry collaborations, combined with wide
and specications for scale-up and application of its tools and technologies, will
standardisation. By working directly with enable major transformations in the
Industry Partners, CSIC enables the latest approaches to the design, construction and
innovations to be adopted quickly into the use of complex infrastructure.
supply chain, helping to grow the market for
commercially viable smart infrastructure This impact will lead to step changes in
products and services. greater eciency in design and
performance, a low-carbon society,
These are implemented by industry through sustainable urban planning and
a range of activities including deployment management, and improved health and
on live sites, industry training, developing productivity.
supply chain networks, input to standards
and dissemination. CSICs work will help the UK become a world
leader in the elds of sensing technology,
By collaborating with Industry Partners CSIC asset management and smart city
is able to accelerate the process of bringing development.
technologies to commercial readiness. We
aim to deliver value to industry by Working with industry is the key to our
improving margins, reducing costs, success and we always welcome
enhancing returns and extending the approaches from industry professionals
productive life of assets. seeking to collaborate.
There are substantial UK and international Get in touch with CSIC

markets for exploitation of these new Email: [email protected]
technologies and tools by the construction Tel: +44 (0)1223 746 976
and infrastructure industry particularly for www.centreforsmartinfrastructure.com
contractors, consultants, specialist @CSIC-IKC
instrumentation companies and owners of

Working with industry to
implement innovation
Now is the time for the whole construction and infrastructure industry
to get behind the innovation platforms and work together to establish
the UK as the world leader, and to realise the significant benefits that
can be won for the industry and all its customers.
CSIC PhD Students Chang Ye Gue,

Mehdi Alhaddad and Matthew Wilcock
on site at Crossrail
The UKs construction industry, despite CSIC has been at the heart of this revolution
initiatives such as the Egan and Latham from the start. Innovations arising from its
reviews, is still characterised by a multitude research teams and spin-o start-ups are
of dierent companies operating at dierent featured across the Crossrail programme,
stages of infrastructure life cycles and the enabled through Innovate18, and others are
value chain. There are many highly capable actively taking forward the sensor and data
engineers and other professionals working in processing technologies. Fibre Bragg
the industry yet investment in innovation gratings, MEMS and UtterBerry are becoming
and R&D, at around 0.05% of revenue, common terms on major programmes as the
remains at least two orders of magnitude manifest benets of the early stages of smart
lower than the manufacturing sector. The infrastructure start to be realised and the full
Construction 2025 strategy throws down the power of industry working in collaboration
gauntlet to the industry: this situation with academia becomes more evident than
cannot be allowed to go on if the UK is to ever.
remain competitive.
Innovate18 is now spreading its wings into
But all is not lost. From a few glimmers on an industry-wide platform to enable sharing
Terminal 5 and elsewhere, the major and further innovation across the industry.
John Pelton, MBE programmes are now beginning to lead the Increasingly the industry is developing a
Strategic Projects way in developing a systematic approach to common view on priorities for investment
Director, Crossrail innovation in construction. Crossrail allowing the UK to start taking the lead in a
CH2M Programme launched its highly successful Innovate18 global market. Through demonstrating the
innovation programme in 2013 and has potential on UK infrastructure projects, we
Partner MD attracted 10% of the entire programme work have been able to both showcase the
force to engage in delivering over 1,000 technologies but also the skills needed to
innovations and a range of benets apply them and integrate them into the
including tens of millions of pounds in time complexity of modern smart infrastructure
and cost savings. Anglian Water has taken a solutions. The opportunity is there now:
dierent approach through setting a other major programmes are picking up the
challenging 50% reduction target in the baton, specically Thames Tideway and HS2;
embodied carbon of new assets. The academia, such as CSIC, and the Innovate UK
Staordshire Alliance has set new standards Catapult community are also rising to the
for alliancing and driven innovation into the challenge. Now is the time for the whole
supply chain resulting in, for example, some infrastructure and construction industry to
of the rst remotely monitored bridges in get behind the innovation platforms and
the UK. The old myths that innovations were work together to establish the UK as the
too immature to be elded; that innovation world leader, and to realise the signicant
wastes money; that the process causes benets that can be won for the industry
disruption; that it is a white elephant that and all its customers.
no-one will want to engage with have all
been shattered. Even intellectual property
barriers have fallen to the pinched with
pride mantra for sharing, with Crossrails
Innovate18 innovation programme
providing the engine room for exchanging
and building on new ideas as they are
developed and introduced across the
project.

News
Deep learning: key to the Harnessing heat from London Underground for district
future of BIM? heating
Old and deep Underground train lines suer and commercial blocks above the tunnels.
from overheating problems, particularly Simulations have shown that retrotting the
during summer. Modelling by CSICs Adnan Central Line with boreholes will result in a
Mortada, Dr Ruchi Choudhary, and Prof 5oC and 4.5oC temperature drop in tunnels
Kenichi Soga has demonstrated how and platforms respectively during summer
geothermal boreholes oer a potential and that a single 100m borehole in the
energy ecient cooling solution compared Central Line can provide an equivalent of
to energy intensive conventional cooling. 1.25 times the UK household annual heat
The waste heat of the subway tunnel can be demand and an addition of 3250KWh of
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation
and depth estimation from videos of harnessed to provide heating to residential cooling.
concrete bridges
Battery free sensors a step closer
Creating a BIM (Building Information
Modelling) model for an existing asset of
any type (buildings, bridges or industrial
plants) requires a lengthy process of data
collection and processing, involving
extensive manual intervention and
expensive equipment the costs outweigh
the benets. CSIC Researcher Dr Viorica
Ptrucean has developed a semi-
supervised machine learning architecture to
help create BIM models from videos
obtained with consumer cameras, reducing
supervision eort and cost.
The potential of this method is vast, but the

transition from prototype to deployment is
strictly limited by the availability of training
data videos of bridges and laser-scanning
point clouds to facilitate the data labelling.
CSIC will be collaborating with national
agencies involved in the infrastructure
sector and professional surveying
companies to gather the information
needed to develop this exciting method.
Yu Jia installing the energy harvester at the Forth Road Bridge
A CSIC-developed, patented, low-cost, board power solution to complement

wireless, battery-free energy harvesting emerging wireless sensor technologies
device was tested on the Forth Road Bridge the smarter power backbone to the ever-
in Scotland where, powered only by trac growing wireless infrastructure, says Dr Yu
and wind induced bridge vibrations, it was Jia. A spin-out company, 8Power, founded by
demonstrated successfully powering a CSIC academics Dr Ashwin Seshia, Prof
wireless mote which transmitted data to a Kenichi Soga, Dr Yu Jia and Dr Jize Yan, with
receiver mote. Our macro-Vibration Energy the IP Group and Cambridge Enterprise, is
Harvesting (VEH) prototype has being formed to commercialise the
demonstrated the potential to generate technology. A paper detailing CSICs macro-
substantially more power than devices VEH prototype and eld trial, titled A
based on more conventional approaches to vibration powered wireless mote on the Forth
vibration energy harvesting and could Road Bridge, has been published in the
provide a convenient, self-sustaining on- Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
8 Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016

The digital revolution is coming the infrastructure CSIC experts write industry
industry could lead or follow. Which will it be? best practice and
technology guides for ICE
CSICs leading experts across the elds of
asset management, wireless sensors,
distributed bre optic strain sensing and
bridge monitoring have written a series of
industry best practice and technology
guides to be published in conjunction with
the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE).
The four guides are intended to be far-

reaching, informing and supporting the
construction industry, infrastructure owners
and operators, manufacturing, electrical and
information sectors in the installation and
operation of novel sensing technologies for
Professor Lord Mair and CSIC hosted a timely The discussion concluded that the digital asset monitoring and management.
industry event to foster discussion among revolution is coming and innovation is
key decision makers on the future of smart available to drive the necessary change to The titles include:
infrastructure and construction at the Royal modernise our infrastructure industry. But Whole-Life Value-Based Decision Making
Academy of Engineering in March. The there is pressing need for collaboration and in Asset Management by Rengarajan
event, chaired by Andrew Wolstenholme, knowledge transfer at every level in order to Srinivasan and Ajith Parlikad. Publication
CEO of Crossrail, aimed to focus industry- succeed and, ultimately, secure the UKs date: 8 June 2016
wide attention on the current tipping point position as world-leader in smart Wireless Sensor Networks for Civil
in the history and future of our infrastructure. infrastructure. Infrastructure Monitoring: A Best Practice
Guide by David Rodenas-Herriz, Kenichi
Soga, Paul Fidler and Nicholas de
CSIC oces get smart Battista. Publication date: 4 July 2016
Distributed Fibre Optic Strain Sensing for
Monitoring Civil Infrastructure: A Practical
Guide by Cedric Kechavarzi, Kenichi
Soga, Nicholas de Battista, Loizos
Pelecanos, Mohammed Elshae and
Robert Mair. Publication date: 29 July
2016
Bridge Monitoring: A Practical Guide by
Campbell Middleton, Paul Fidler and
Paul Vardanaga. Publication date: 9
August 2016
All titles will be available to purchase from

the ICE Bookshop www.icebookshop.com
CSICs new oce at the Department of infrastructure enabling researchers to learn

Engineering, The James Dyson Building, is more about the structures health and
Cambridges rst smart building. CSIC has behaviour. The building has been captured
worked alongside contractor Morgan Sindall using the latest 3D laser scanning technology
to integrate a range of novel technologies to create a point cloud of data to virtually
into the fabric of the building; distributed model the building and track future changes
bre optic strain sensors and bre Bragg to its structure. Industry professionals,
sensors have been embedded within a researchers and students will benet from this
section of the buildings reinforced concrete innovative building that oers a living lab,
frame, columns, beams and slabs. These bre giving those working inside it a chance to use
optic sensors will collect data from the their surroundings for research and teaching.
Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 9

Overview of CSICs
cities and
infrastructure
systems research
Representative schematic of the London

Underground Central Line (Westbound &
Eastbound) equipped with boreholes in
the City of Westminster by CSIC PhD
student Adnan Mortada
Cities and infrastructure systems
CSICs studies of cities and infrastructure A further area of work is to alpha-test new
systems are not only about gaining a better city-scale land use, transport and
understanding of the complex challenges in infrastructure planning models which have
building sustainable cities, but also to been developed by CSIC, including demand
develop tools and guidance that can be forecasting, adaptive zoning and spatial
directly adopted by businesses, communities economic modelling. Such modelling
and government agencies in harnessing the advances have not only attracted the
promise of new technologies and new attention of UK government agencies, but
channels of pervasive data generation. also urban master planners and designers in
China.
Working in this area is not without big
barriers: there are a myriad of stakeholders to On the integration of city-scale and project
engage with, and currently case studies and scale design of infrastructure, CSIC has
planning guidance are ad hoc and developed a novel methodology on future
fragmented and as a result the best practice option modelling of ground source heat
has not found its way to the majority of new pump systems in typical urban oce
projects. buildings. The method is to appear in
Dr Ying Jin Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure
Our overarching aim is to produce coherent Engineering (CACAIE), a top journal of the
Co-Investigator CSIC tools and advice on city-scale developments related elds.
Senior University Lecturer which are shown to be critically important
Department of for realising the full value of disparate Going forward CSIC Cities and Infrastructure
Architecture investments in infrastructure. Systems research will focus on the following
four areas:
University of Cambridge CSIC has proved to be a great research smart cities, linked data and
community, providing opportunities for infrastructure monitoring: completing
getting colleagues in sensing, asset alpha- or beta-tests of smart data models
management, city planning and urban and tools and, in close consultation with
Were now incorporating the new design to work collaboratively. Smart sensing Industry Partners, BSI and ISO, and
advancements of CSICs city-level is key to the development of a user-friendly United Kingdom Collaboratorium for
modelling in our planning and system for gathering city level data and to Research in Infrastructure and Cities,
design proposals it will find scale up new analytical solutions. deploying them in practical projects
significant applications in the fast develop high model validation
growing developing-country In the past year CSIC engaged with London standards, with user experiences that
cities, as well as in the UK. Bridge Station, Network Rail, and the smart match contemporary user expectations
Dr Chen Wu RIBA MRTPI, infrastructure and data-sharing committees of ease of interpretation
Design Principal, of BSI & ISO to beta-test our tools and draft develop authoritative advice on
BIAD, Beijing advice. Some of the research has now been developments within walking distance
incorporated in industry advice. of major public transport hubs
engage with UKCRIC and National
The CSIC team has been active in the Research Facility for Infrastructure
development of smart city standards with Sensing on incorporating the
BSI and the work has now been extended to infrastructure engineering aspects,
ISO committees. Working with BIS, BSI and particularly in minimising construction
industry and academic colleagues, a range of costs and embedding options for future
publicly available standards (PAS) have now capacity expansions.
been published online by BSI including PAS
180, PAS 181, PAS 182, PD 8100 and PD 8101
which cover leadership guides, terminology,
frameworks and data concept models for
smart cities.
A prominent emphasis of the PASs is

harnessing the power of new data sources
in the city and creating smart data
management standards.

Overview of CSICs asset
management research
Sensor system at
quarter-span deck
Sensor system at
mid-span deck
Sensor system
in beams
BM1
BM2
BM4
BM5
A 3D BIM model by Manuel Davila showing sensors active during curing

in concrete rail bridge instrumented by CSIC in Staffordshire. For the
full case study see page 19
Asset management
assets have a long lifecycle, often operating Managing existing assets presents
for many decades, and whole-life value asset challenges for BIM. New assets account for
management secures the continued and only a small part of the current asset stock
productive use of an asset over time. Asset but BIM does not work eectively for existing
Management workshops, held for CSIC assets as costs for the required technical
Industry Partners in the past year, conrmed process outweigh the benets. CSIC is
the benets of value-based asset building a tool that uses deep machine
management to a range of asset-owning learning to automatically develop BIM
organisations. Workshop outcomes models for existing infrastructure.
identied value in optimising the usage
phase of an asset through improved The next ve years will see CSIC focus on
reliability, maintenance, decision-making three areas:
and operational eectiveness. building a suite of decision-making tools
to support asset managers
Good information enhances asset better understanding how to quantify
management decisions. CSIC has developed the benets of smart infrastructure
technologies and tools to turn data into solutions
Dr Ajith Parlikad valuable information that enables eective pushing the development of BIM for
decision-making. Information management supporting through-life asset
Co-Investigator CSIC is a key focus area for CSIC and working management.
Senior Lecturer collaboratively allows us to deliver
Institute for meaningful solutions. Collaboration with Industry Partners to turn
this research into commercial services will
Manufacturing Information futureproong is an integral part help to grow a new industry segment. The
University of Cambridge of whole-life value asset management. potential of CSICs work is vast and will
Understanding the risks an organisation enhance the future of asset management.
faces with the long-term storage of data
(including changing standards, software,
The digital era has fundamentally changed
hardware, owners and managers) and the
the way dierent industry sectors operate
potential consequences (loss and/or
and asset management is no exception.
deterioration of information) for the asset
Smart infrastructure brings substantial value
owner is key to developing a strategy to
to whole-life, value-based asset
safeguard data that informs asset
management taking a long-term view of
management decisions.
an asset and its value. Data generated by
sensor technologies enables the continued
CSICs Information Quality Risk Assessment
monitoring of an asset throughout its
Tool quanties the risks held by a company
productive lifecycle, producing information
as a result of poor quality and incomplete
useful to owners wanting to optimise value
data. Over the past year, CSIC has worked
for money.
with Cambridgeshire County Council,
applying the tool to its bridge portfolio, the
CSICs Asset Management team has helped
results of which could enable the
to set the agenda for taking a wholelife,
organisation to build an informed business
value-based approach to asset
case to present to funders in order to
management, and making information
improve the councils information system.
futureproong a key component of the
process. This expertise has resulted in
BIM continues to be a major focus for the
collaboration between myself, Rengarajan
Asset Management team. While industry has
Srinivasan, and the Institution of Civil
concentrated on 3D BIM models for new
Engineers (ICE) to publish a guidance
assets developing standards and models
document produced for infrastructure
for design and construction phases CSIC
owners and operators, titled Whole-Life
brings focus to using BIM for improved asset
Value-Based Decision Making in Asset
management. CSICs work investigates
Management (see page 9).
integrating through-life information about
an asset with the BIM model, including
Maintaining high-quality, resilient and
sensing data and inspection and
sustainable infrastructure is key to economic
maintenance records. CSIC is working with
growth. CSIC continues to work
Staordshire Alliances bridge team to
collaboratively with organisations, both in
develop standards for integrating sensing
the public and private sectors, to identify
data with BIM and this project will continue
and respond eectively to industry
into next year.
challenges and concerns. Infrastructure

Overview of CSICs data
analysis and
interpretation
research
CSIC Co-Investigator Dr Matthew DeJong

reviewing monitoring results on site in Leeds
Data analysis and interpretation
CSIC has led the development and Wireless Sensor Networks

installation of bre optic sensors on a wide a large scale WSN system in the 100-
range of construction projects. The data from year-old former Royal Mail Railway
the bre optic sensors has provided tunnel to measure its behaviour and
completely new insights into the structural movement during construction of a
behaviour of these components, both large diameter platform tunnel very
during construction and after completion. close beneath it as part of Crossrails
Liverpool Street Station project
CSICs recent R&D development in Wireless a WSN system at London Undergrounds
Sensor Networks (WSN) includes open Tottenham Court Road station to
source WSN software and hardware for monitor the performance of timber-
infrastructure structural health monitoring, a based temporary works
network diagnostic tool and a BIM friendly development and deployment of a
WSN planning and maintenance tool (BIM miniature, ultra-low power UtterBerry
being Building Information Modelling). WSN mote by CSIC PhD student Heba
Bevan, successfully used on a number of
Recent examples of CSICs successful Crossrail sites.
application of bre optic and WSN
Professor Lord Mair technologies to structural health monitoring Future challenges will bring focus to
Head of CSIC of infrastructure include: establishing smart sensor methodologies for
Sir Kirby Laing Professor of infrastructure that are robust and reliable,
Civil Engineering Fibre optics and able to perform in extremely conned
performance monitoring of deep shafts conditions as part of intensive construction
University of Cambridge and retaining walls at Crossrails Pudding activities. This will make sure that systems
Mill Lane, Limmo, Stepney Green and (both sensor and communication) are
Paddington Station sites accurately calibrated, ensuring that data is
There is a compelling case for the uptake of monitoring of a very deep diaphragm reliable and reported in such a way to allow
sensing and data analysis by the wall (84m) at the Abbey Mills shaft for proper analysis and interpretation. This
infrastructure and construction industry. The Thames Water (Schwamb et al, 2014) integrated approach will generate data that
engineering, management, maintenance assessment of National Grid and Crossrail can be used to make informed decisions that
and upgrading of infrastructure requires tunnel lining behaviour during tunnel deliver improved eciency and value to
fresh thinking to minimise use of materials, construction in London by embedding industry.
energy and labour while still ensuring optical bre in the precast concrete
resilience. This can only be achieved by a full lining segments when being made in CSICs progressive work in the eld of data
understanding of the performance of the factory analysis and interpretation has focused on
infrastructure through structural health monitoring of tunnel performance for the need for clear presentation of sensor
monitoring, both during its construction the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, data coupled with considered analysis and
and throughout its design life, by means of Switzerland interpretation. An important strand of this
innovative sensor technologies and other monitoring of masonry arches at London work has been the development of user-
emerging technologies. Bridge Station to observe the friendly dashboards, which present the data
movements during extensive piling work clearly in relation to construction activities,
The Data Analysis and Interpretation team beneath enabling proper analysis and interpretation.
at CSIC is developing cutting edge sensing eld testing of thermal piles to evaluate Establishing high-quality data analysis and
and data analysis models, which will oer a the thermo-mechanical response of piles interpretation brings considerable benets
powerful platform for providing data to during heating and cooling for ground to the infrastructure and construction
enable smarter and proactive asset source heat pump systems, carried out industry, and opportunities for better
decisions, both during new construction at Londons Shell Centre, at a major new informed, whole-life asset management.
and for existing infrastructure, especially London embassy and at a site in
ageing infrastructure. CSIC has applied Houston, USA with Virginia Tech and the
conventional and advanced technologies to US National Science Foundation
a large number of construction projects, eld testing of large diameter piles by
including innovative sensors, wireless integrating bre optic strain
sensor networks, bre optics, laser scanning, measurement with O-Cell loading test
photogrammetry, and computer vision, to technology, for example for the new
capture, analyse and interpret the right data Francis Crick Institute in London
at the right time to enable better decision monitoring of beams for new Network
making. Rail concrete and steel bridges in
Staordshire, instrumented while being
manufactured osite in a factory.

Overview of CSICs
sensor and data
collection research
Schematic of a CSIC developed low power

noise sensor
Sensor and data collection
This has led to the release of Distributed Fibre CSICs Sensor team is also developing new
Optic Strain Sensing for Monitoring Civil MEMS sensors to meet the challenges of the
Infrastructure: A Practical Guide by Cedric infrastructure industry. MEMS represent
Kechavarzi, Kenichi Soga, Nicky de Battista, small, integrated devices or systems that
Loizos Pelecanos, Mohammed Elshae and combine electrical and mechanical
Robert Mair to be published this summer by components varying in size from
the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). micrometres to millimetres. These can merge
the function of computation and
CSIC is advancing research and development communication with sensing and actuation
of energy harvesting, in particular vibration to produce a system of miniature
energy harvesting (VEH), both at the micro- dimensions, which has huge potential to
electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and produces low-power, low-cost sensors for
macroscopic scales. Vibration-powered remote structural health monitoring of
wireless monitoring technology has the infrastructure. CSIC has developed a low-
potential to enable maintenance free, power MEMS strain gauge with an accuracy
autonomous measurement of the behaviour of better than 10 n, a dynamic range of
of key structural elements of infrastructure, nearly 2000 e at a power dissipation of
Dr Ashwin Seshia even in the most dicult-to-reach areas, under 10 W.
providing the owner with an approach to
Co-Investigator CSIC signicantly reduce costs involved in CSIC is also actively exploring energy
Reader in Microsystems obtaining the data required to develop an harvesting at the MEMS scale using
Technology understanding of the actual capacity and approaches that could allow for the
level of safety of an asset. These technologies generation of sucient power to sustain
University of Cambridge potentially provide a self-sustaining on- low-power wireless sensors for structural
board power solution to complement health monitoring applications. An ongoing
emerging wireless sensor technologies used Innovate UK funded project is specically
As an international centre of excellence in for structural health monitoring. investigating applications for MEMS energy
the development of sensors, CSIC is leading harvesters to high-end automotive and
the way in the deployment of innovative Conventional resonant approaches to aerospace industries. Battery technologies
solutions to industry challenges. scavenge kinetic energy are typically cannot often operate in high-temperature
Collaborating with industry has enabled CSIC conned to narrow and single-band conditions associated with condition
to make valuable contributions to some of frequencies. CSICs vibration energy monitoring for these applications (e.g. close
the most important and challenging civil harvesting device combines both direct to a jet engine). In addition, there are issues
engineering, transport and infrastructure resonance and parametric resonance in that demand miniaturisation of the
projects happening today. CSIC has order to enhance the power responsiveness technology due to limited access or
developed a range of sensing technologies towards more ecient harnessing of real- constrained volumes associated with the
that can be used in combination to meet a world ambient vibration. In a deployment on monitoring locations.
variety of demands specic to the site the Forth Road Bridge in 2015, the packaged
environment, from high temperatures to electromagnetic harvester designed to A spin-o, 8Power Ltd, has been set up to
very constrained or dicult-to-reach spaces. operate in both of these resonant regimes, commercialise the low-power MEMS and
with an operational volume of ~126cm3, was VEH technologies and CSIC will be
CSIC has successfully developed several new capable of recovering in excess of 1mW collaborating with 8Power to further deploy
applications for sensing technologies in civil average raw AC power from the trac and the technologies and investigate
engineering, transport and infrastructure, wind-induced vibrations in the lateral applications for the technologies beyond
and the potential of this market, both bracing structures underneath the bridge infrastructure monitoring.
nationally and internationally, is vast. CSIC deck. The harvester was integrated with a
has pioneered the use of bre optic sensors power conditioning circuit and a wireless
to monitor the whole-life performance of an mote. Duty-cycled wireless transmissions
asset and this continues to be an area of from the vibration-powered mote were
signicant focus. Structural integration of successfully sustained by the recovered
bre optic sensing systems represents a new ambient energy. CSIC is continuing to
branch of engineering and its application innovate in this area by exploring
represents a signicant contribution to approaches for energy harvesting on
structural health monitoring. The transport-related infrastructure where
underpinning technology involves a unique existing solutions are limited or unreliable, as
marriage of bre optics, optoelectronics and well as actively seek deployment
composite material science. CSIC has opportunities for its new technology in
developed a distributed bre optic strain and collaboration with Industry Partners and
temperature measurement system to enable infrastructure owners and operators.
performance-based design, construction
monitoring and structural health monitoring.

By investing in an
integrated structural
health monitoring
system the entire load
history and associated
behaviour of an asset
can be tracked in
great detail
throughout its life.
A view of the completed instrumented

concrete rail bridge
Case study
Monitoring and modelling dynamic strain of railway

bridges using fibre optic sensor networks and BIM
Authors: Liam Butler, Manuel Davila
Additional researchers: Niamh Gibbons, Ioannis Brilakis, Mohammed Elshafie, Campbell Middleton
The project The innovations Impact and value

CSIC is working with the Staordshire bre optic cables installed into main based on the data already collected, the
Alliance on the 250m Staord Area prestressed beams and sleepers o-site CSIC project team can identify aspects of
Improvements Programme to deliver the at Laing ORourkes Explore structural behaviour that have not been
most comprehensively instrumented new Manufacturing facility. This allowed faster captured previously such as the real-time
rail bridges in the UK. Two rail bridges, one installation of monitoring systems on site time dependent behaviour of
concrete and one steel, have been a new and highly robust temperature prestressed concrete girders and
instrumented during their construction with compensating sensor packaging system sleepers; the development of thermal
an advanced network of bre optic sensors capable of capturing real-time thermal and concrete shrinkage strains in bridge
capable of recording data up to 250Hz. Data strain changes was internally developed decks; and the eect of construction
collected from the beginning of the CSIC has designed a method to allow the trac on the overall bridge response
structures life enables a state-of-the-asset outputs related to strain changes in this will improve future design with
report to be generated at handover and structural elements during their potential cost, material and time savings
performance-guided asset maintenance construction to be included and by investing in an integrated structural
using nite element modelling, BIM and bre visualised in BIM for the rst time health monitoring system the entire load
optic strain sensors across its lifetime. integrating structural performance history and associated behaviour of an
monitoring data into BIM models to asset can be tracked in great detail
The monitoring system represents the rst reect actual measured behaviour for throughout its life
time that bridges of this type have been whole-life asset management. clients will be able to compare data
instrumented in such detail to understand captured from instrumentation to the
their behaviour from the time they are reference state-of-the-asset report to
constructed. Alongside the instrumentation, track the performance of an asset over its
CSIC has developed methods to model entire life.
structural performance monitoring systems,
manage and include sensor data onto open
data BIM models, visualise sensor data
directly on BIM models and to develop open
data models.
Timeline of whole-life value

Fabrication Construction Operation Decommission
Sensors instrumented o- Measurements can be BIM and nite element Asset owners can decide to
site speeds up their taken at critical stages of models continuously decommission the asset
installation and gathers construction to track updated to allow asset based on information
data on the manufacturing structural response and owners to make informed acquired from measured
process and the integrity of compare against nominal maintenance decisions data, rather than presumed
the components during design values Reducing the frequency of wear, potentially extending
transportation and Based on strain data visual inspections and its life.
installation. gathered during eliminating 'human error'
construction, a while having a system by
comprehensive 'state-of- which to compare visual
the-asset' report can be observation to measured
generated at the time of behaviour
commissioning and used Potential to modify and
as a baseline for assessing optimise future designs of
long-term behaviour and similar assets leading to a
establishing trends. closed loop asset life cycle.
Industry Partners

The station provides CSIC the opportunity
to demonstrate the value of new sensing
technologies on a real site, including
innovative monitoring of masonry vaults
and passenger flow.
Case study
Integration of sensing technologies in the London Bridge

Station Redevelopment Project
Authors: Sinan Akgz, Claudio Martani
Additional researchers: Loizos Pelecanos, Jize Yan, Kenichi Soga, Simon Stent, Steve Denman,
Ying Jin
The project compared to provide global deformation Impact and value
The London Bridge Station Redevelopment estimations for all visible surfaces. The rich development of new data analysis
Project (LBSR) is part of the Thameslink information led to the development of more techniques to retrieve critical
upgrade which will increase the capacity of ecient damage assessment techniques for engineering information from sensing
the north-south routes through London. The evaluating settlement-induced damage on data
main objective of the redevelopment is to masonry vaults. provide ecient methods to use the
increase the number of through-tracks and data to improve asset assessment and
extend the capacity of the platforms, which In parallel, CSIC tested low-cost infrared management
required demolition of several historic vault sensors and cameras to monitor pedestrian reduce risks due to uncertainties (e.g.
structures and the construction of new ow around a platform of the new station. concerning the ground settlements and
viaducts and a new concourse. CSIC This exercise allowed researchers to evaluate passenger ows) by providing cheap
developed new monitoring techniques to the accuracy of these low-cost sensors and and/or distributed monitoring
tackle construction challenges on the to determine how the pedestrian ows techniques
project. The station, the fourth busiest in the change as the station is being constructed. improved fundamental understanding
UK, is being kept operational during the This information was linked with pedestrian of the mechanical behaviour of masonry
construction works, providing CSIC the prediction models which run faster than real assets and their long term behaviour.
opportunity to demonstrate the value of time. By combining the modelling and
new sensing technologies on a real site, sensing information, CSIC aims to develop a
including innovative monitoring of masonry technology which can identify imminent
vaults and passenger ow. congestions and help station managers
identify issues concerning pedestrian ows
Engineers on the project, led by CSIC and respond eectively.
Research Associate Sinan Akgz, were
faced with the task of predicting the The innovations
response of historic brick vaults under the new cloud comparison techniques were
active platforms to piling induced developed to detect the 3D structural
settlements. Using traditional movements with high accuracy from
instrumentation, it is dicult to quantify the laser scan data
response of these viaducts to settlements the pioneering use of bre optic sensing
and evaluate their safety. In order to ensure in masonry vaults led to the critical
safe operation of the vaults and the tracks identication of crack locations and
above, CSIC utilised two novel distributed magnitudes and eective quantication
sensing technologies to investigate the vault of damage
response to settlements in unprecedented eective linking of modelling and
detail. The distributed bre optic sensor sensing tools enables a better
system, which employs Brillouin Optical Time understanding of the performance of
Domain Reectometry (BOTDR), was used to our assets
examine the strain development at several the rich data provided by the cheap and
sections along the vault. This highlighted the ecient sensing techniques holds the
location and magnitude of emerging cracks. key to improving the eciency of our
The second system utilised laser scanners to asset assessment and management
generate georeferenced 3D point clouds, techniques.
before and after piling, which were
Industry Partners

The CSIC model
should be encouraged.
Working with CSIC has
enabled both partners
to jointly develop the
technology and roll
out on demonstration
projects. CSIC
provided the support
and training such that
Cementation Skanska
now has a full and
independent
commercial capability
to deliver distributed
fibre optic sensors.
CSIC trained Cementation Skanska

technician Maria Scott installing fibre optic
sensor cable on a reinforced cage of a
diaphragm wall at Battersea Station. Image
courtesy of Cementation Skanska
Case study
CSIC and Cementation Skanska when project

collaboration becomes commercial reality
Authors: Cedric Kechavarzi, Andrew Bell
Additional researchers: Kenichi Soga, Peter Knott, Jason Shardelow, Echo Ouyang
The project The potential long-term economic and safety- deployment team at the University of
The Transport for London Northern Line enhancing benets of using FO more widely Cambridge where she was taught
Extension project will extend the London was recognised by Cementation Skanska. Over everything she needed to know about FO
Underground Northern line from Kennington the next two years CSIC delivered training and for pile and integrity wall testing. This
to the disused Battersea Power Station. on-site support enabling the company to collaboration equipped Maria with the
Construction on the 1bn extension began in reach commercial readiness with the FO knowledge and skills to independently
2015 and the new line could be open by 2020. technology, CemOptics. install FO on Cementation Skanska projects,
Cementation Skanska is using distributed bre including the Northern Line Extension
optic sensing techniques on an The innovation software was developed in collaboration
unprecedented scale for pile and wall integrity Thermal methods for testing the integrity of with Cementation Skanska that allows
testing during current excavation work piles and wall elements by identifying processing of the data and visualising of
constructing the new stations and tunnels on anomalies are gaining prominence. Distributed temperature proles to happen
the extended line. This novel application of bre optic temperature sensing provides a automatically.
bre optic sensing emerged from research at non-intrusive, safe and cost eective
the University of Cambridge and was technique. It is a robust alternative to point Impact and value
standardised by CSIC to technology readiness sensing methods, which require the Cementation Skanska is now using bre optics
levels required for industry adoption. The connection of numerous sensors. for pile and wall integrity testing on an
commercial application of distributed bre Low-cost standard telecommunication bre unprecedented scale. There is potential to
optic sensing by Cementation Skanska has optic cables are simply attached to several extend the method worldwide, across the
allowed the company to add a new specialist sides of the reinforcement cage of the element companys entire project portfolio. CemOptics
service to its portfolio, called CemOptics. The and temperature measurements obtained at has now been proven to improve safety, quality
new technology is already shortlisted for two close spatial intervals along the cage. The and increase production (thus reducing costs)
industry awards. measurements are taken at short time intervals on site.
to record the evolution of the temperature
Work to build the new Battersea Station prole of the element during concrete curing. CemOptics:
requires Cementation Skanska to: replaces traditional cross hole sonic logging
construct more than 600m of deep The principle behind this method is based on method
basement diaphragm walls the properties of the spectrum of the delivers visible improvement in safety
1.2m thick diaphragm walls, up to 60m backscattered light within an optical bre. The brings technical, quality and safety benets
deep method uses standard optical bres into which acknowledged by all stakeholders
construct 74 large diameter bearing piles, a laser pulse is launched and the spectrum of is shortlisted for two industry awards
up to 2.4m diameter and 60m deep the backscattered light analysed. Temperature Ground Engineering 2016 Award for
install in excess of 50 km of FO cable to is inferred from the properties of some of the Technical Excellence and Product and
completely replace cross hole sonic components of the spectrum. Equipment Innovation.
logging in both the piles and diaphragm
walls. The training Cementation Skanska reports multiple benets
CSIC training in the use of distributed bre of the collaboration with CSIC:
The background optics was developed to meet the specic enabled partners to jointly develop the
In 2014 Echo Ouyang, a geotechnical engineer needs of Cementation Skanska: technology and roll out on demonstration
at Cementation Skanska and PhD student of a two-day bespoke training workshop projects
CSIC Co-Investigator, Professor Kenichi Soga, delivered to six Cementation Skanska fostered and encouraged a collaborative
worked with CSIC on a number of projects operatives, including pilers, engineers and approach to research and shared
investigating the use of distributed bre optic technicians, at the companys Doncaster recognition
temperature sensing for pile and wall integrity site. The programme covered how to splice delivered industry level training in the use
testing; bre optics (FO) was used for FO cables, handling cables on site and of new technology
measuring concrete temperature during attaching cables to pile cages provided excellent support to Cementation
curing and assessing the integrity of the Maria Scott, a technician at Cementation Skanska in move to commercialisation
element. The work was led by Andrew Bell, Skanska, spent two weeks working with accelerated change
Chief Engineer at Cementation Skanska. and learning from members of CSICs allowed Cementation Skanska to achieve its
vision of improved safety and delivering
innovative solutions that make a dierence
Industry Partner Cementation Skanska now has a full and
independent commercial capability to
Cementation Skanska is one of the UKs largest piling deliver distributed bre optic sensors.
and ground engineering contractors and a CSIC
founding Industry Partner.

The graphic shows the temperature behaviour of the 1.2km of sewer being monitored over a 24-hour period. The deep blue colour is indicative of the
ambient temperature of the sewer (10OC) in April. The green yellow-red colours are of increasing temperature liquid joining the sewer from domestic
connections, with flow in the sewer moving right to left. The (mostly) red vertical line is the air temperature inside a manhole, reaching around 16OC.
Courtesy of Dr Y Rui
Case study
Monitoring storm water inflow in a foul sewer using

distributed fibre optic temperature sensing
Author: Phil Keenan
Additional researchers: Cedric Kechavarzi, Peter Knott
The project The cable was connected to a bre optic

Surface water inltration into sewers and analyser enabling real time temperature
This novel sensing
illicit connections, most often unintended, of monitoring of 1.5km of sewer, 24 hours per method enabled the
storm water to foul sewers and of foul day, throughout the three-month survey
sewage to storm sewers, is a major problem period.
accurate detection of
associated with separate sewer systems. the time and location
Whenever uid entered the sewer, its native
Unwanted inltration can lead to sewer and temperature caused the ambient of discharges into the
treatment plant design capacity being temperature of the uid in the sewer to sewer, identifying
exceeded. This can potentially result in over change. The sensor detected this subtle
spilling and local ooding or the release of dierence in temperature along the entire whether discharges
untreated sewage in surface water and the
wider environment. Eradicating unwanted
length of sewer being monitored, and the
data collected over the three-month period
came from domestic
inltration and removing illicit connections is was plotted into waterfall charts. connections, illicit
benecial to consumers, both in terms of
hygiene and nancial cost. However, This novel sensing method enabled the
connections, or
eective remedial action requires precise accurate detection of the time and location surface rainwater
knowledge of the location of inltrations. of discharges into the sewer, identifying
whether discharges came from domestic
infiltration.
The innovation connections, illicit connections, or surface
Unwanted discharges are intermittent and rainwater inltration.
their detection requires monitoring systems
with good spatial and temporal resolution Impact and value
that can be deployed over kilometres of this project demonstrates the
sewer networks. Distributed bre optic commercial viability of distributed bre
temperature sensing meets these optic temperature sensing in detecting
requirements. The system helps to accurately sewer operation and malfunction
pinpoint anomalies in operation by data visualisation shows sewer operation
detecting the sudden changes in patterns indicative of certain sewer
temperature of the sewer liquid which is due events (illicit discharge, domestic sewer
to dierences in foul and storm water operational patterns, sewer blockages,
temperature. The technology is autonomous manhole overow events) of value to
and measures temperature continuously asset owners and managers
along the entire length of the optical bre. a network of bre optic sensors can
provide asset managers with a real-time
CSIC has demonstrated the system (initially view of the condition of their critical
pioneered by Delft University in the assets
Netherlands) near Gloucester, by installing this innovative monitoring provides
an armored bre optic temperature sensor information that informs planning to
along a 1.5km-length of sewer. A pilot rope ensure asset integrity is maintained, and
with a sensor cable and oat attached was prevents the interruption of service due
lowered down a manhole. While the oat to failure.
had travelled downstream, it was retrieved
periodically at manholes in order to pull the This demonstration has proved the
cable into the sewer. This installation method commercial viability of this sensing system in
ensured that the cable did not suer sewers. CSIC is investigating further
excessive pulling forces. demonstration and training opportunities
with industry to commercialise this method
and see it taken up by the supply chain.
Industry Partner

The project
presented the
opportunity for CSIC
to collaborate with
industry leaders to
challenge traditional
engineering design
assumptions to find
new techniques to
save the project time
and money.
CSIC Technician Peter Knott and Research

Associate Nicky de Battista instrumenting
the spray concrete lining at Liverpool Street
Stations Moorgate shaft
Case study
Fibre optic sensing innovations on Crossrail

Authors: Nicky de Battista, Zili Li
Additional researchers: Kenichi Soga, Robert Mair, Mohammed Elshafie, Cedric Kechavarzi,
Peter Knott, Jason Shardelow
The project during three key stages of construction; monitoring indicate that the measured
Crossrail is currently the largest construction tunnel, concourse and base excavation. This D-wall displacement is about 60% of the
project in Europe. It includes 10 new rail was the rst time FO cables have been used design D-wall displacement. The incremental
stations, six of which are under central to validate nite element model assumptions bending and deection proles generated
London, and 42km of new rail tunnels about this scenario. through the bre optic cables continuous
weaving through the citys congested sub- strain readings indicated that the eect of
terrain. The project presented two The innovation the removal of an existing tunnel on the
opportunities for CSIC to collaborate with On Crossrail, CSIC demonstrated innovative D-wall deection and ground heave during
industry leaders on innovative applications applications of distributed FO sensors to deep excavation can be signicant, but was
of bre optic cables to challenge traditional collect new data about commonly used less than predicted. This research can be
engineering design assumptions in order to construction techniques with the potential to used to improve and rene future D-wall
save future tunnelling and excavation rene and improve future design. design, presenting the possibility of savings
projects time and money. Crossrails strong in materials and cost through more accurate
innovation policy allowed CSIC to set up Both projects used Brillouin Optical Time modelling.
laboratories on site. Domain Reectometry (BOTDR) embedded in
concrete to measure strain and temperature These ground-breaking studies should serve
The rst project, led by Research Associate changes within the material at key stages in as a catalyst for infrastructure owners and
Nicky de Battista, focused on measuring the construction. CSICs FO technologies enable researchers to carry out similar studies on
additional strains induced in the sprayed strain measurements in the tens of dierent types of SCL tunnel and D-wall
concrete lining (SCL) at junctions in the microstrain range in a continuous manner construction techniques.
tunnels at Liverpool Street Station. A tunnels over lengths of up to 10km, oering an
SCL is thickened at these junctions in order unprecedented level of detail on the
to sustain the stresses caused by the concretes behavior during excavation.
excavation of the cross-passages. Tunnel
lining design is based on nite element Impact and value
models but there is a lack of experimental An improved understanding of the
data to calibrate these. By embedding FO performance of infrastructure during
cables within the SCL at one of the junctions excavation, margins of safety, and resilience
at Crossrails Liverpool Street Station enables better, leaner future design.
concourse, CSIC was able to map the strain
build-up in the lining at every stage of the While further research is needed, the results of
cross-passage excavation and, for the rst both studies indicate areas for signicant
time, observe the behaviour of the SCL potential savings in future designs. The results
during the excavation sequence. of the monitoring of the SCL at Liverpool
Street Station showed that the eects of
The second project, led by Research cross-passage excavation on the parent
Associate Zili Li, monitored the deformation tunnels lining are localised in the vicinity of
of a Diaphragm wall (D-wall) during deep the cross-passage openings. These
excavation at Paddington Station. As the preliminary ndings indicate that there are
only train station in the Crossrail project signicant savings to be made in materials,
constructed using a top-down excavation, labour, and plant as well as environmental
the Paddington site provided the benets associated with reduced material use
opportunity to evaluate the eect of the and improved site safety due to a decrease in
excavation of an existing tunnel on D-wall working at heights to erect steel
behavior using bre optic cables for the rst reinforcement and spray concrete. Similar
time. Fibre optic cables were embedded in studies could translate these ndings into real
diaphragm wall panels allowing CSIC to savings for similar projects such as Crossrail 2.
monitor the changes in strain conditions Preliminary results of the Paddington Station
Industry Partners

Smarter information
confirms operations
are safe for
construction and
better informs asset
managers/owners to
make decisions about
the project.
Case study
Futureproofing and safeguarding heritage structures

through sensing
Authors: Sinan Akgz, Loizos Pelecanos
Additional researchers: Matthew DeJong, Kenichi Soga, Robert Mair
The project sensing techniques using bre optics, laser the 3D movements of the masonry structures
There are many historic buildings, scanning and photogrammetry which sense during dynamic loading. Overall, the sensing
monuments and structures in the UK that continuous response along the structure, data from these new technologies
require measures to protect and conserve both under static and dynamic loads. These complement one another and provide
them. CSIC is working alongside industry to techniques enable sensitive detection of local engineers with data to calibrate mechanical
deliver sensing innovations to help asset damage, as well as a comprehensive models of masonry to better understand the
owners better understand the behaviour of description of global deformations. response of the critical masonry assets.
existing structures in order to safeguard them
against new construction activity and to The innovation Impact and value
futureproof to enable continued use. This CSIC instrumented two piles and a part of the the construction team at the V&A receives
work includes monitoring the Victoria and foundation slab at the V&A with two pairs of detailed information about the integrity
Albert Museum (V&A) in London during deep FO cables, one for measuring changes in of the underground structure which is of
basement excavations and monitoring strain and the other temperature. Any applied value to the contractor (safety), consultant
masonry vaults at sites around the UK. load or temperature causes changes in the (checks and improves design), and asset
frequency content of light propagated owner (ensures safety of heritage
During deep basement excavation work at through an optical bre. By measuring this building)
the V&A, the safety of the adjacent exhibits frequency change, CSIC is able to back- future use of this method could inform
and building was paramount. CSIC, led by calculate the induced load or temperature to adjustment of design prior to
CSIC Research Associate Loizos Pelecanos, deliver detailed information about the construction, based on the actual
installed bre optic (FO) cables to measure integrity of the underground structure and performance of the tension piles,
movement and temperature at critical additional assets of the museum that no other resulting in savings in material costs and
locations in the buildings foundations. Seven sensor device can provide. greater condence in design
readings have been taken at signicant points CSICs ongoing research on new
during the construction process, to assess CSIC is using distributed sensing to deliver technologies of monitoring masonry
basement heave, detect any changes to the unprecedented detail concerning the arches improves the use of FO, laser
foundation slabs, and to monitor the response of masonry arches to short and long scanning and photogrammetry
performance of the tension piles. This project term eects. Various FO cables attached to the techniques to oer eective and
marks the rst time this type of monitoring structure can measure the strain experienced pervasive sensing that delivers a better
has been possible. along their length, providing detailed understanding of assets and their state
information on the dynamic behaviour, as in general, new sensing techniques
Masonry vault structures form an important well as long term static changes in the provide an unprecedented level of detail
part of the UKs legacy infrastructure in structure due to structural degradation and and a better appreciation of structural
tunnels and across the rail network. These ground settlements. In particular, the novel response to a range of factors. Asset
structures are vulnerable to high service loads use of Brillouin Optical Time Domain owners can use this information to
and ground settlements so understanding the Reectometry (BOTDR) for assessing the calculate risk and monitor complex
behaviour of these assets will be key to dynamic loads on the structure, represents a engineering works carried out in the
securing their continued eective use. CSICs new technical advancement. vicinity of historic structures
masonry vault research, led by Co-Investigator smarter information conrms operations
Matthew DeJong with Research Asssociate The non-contact laser scanning and are safe for construction and better
Sinan Akgz, aims to quantify the photogrammetry sensing solutions provide equips asset managers/owners to make
vulnerability of these structures and provide further new insight on the response of decisions about the project.
detailed and accurate data to better inform masonry vaults. In particular, by investigating
maintenance programmes and asset the precise 3D geometry quantied by laser
management. Conventional point sensors scanners, it is possible to quantify the historic
(e.g. strain and displacement gauges) only displacements experienced by the structure.
measure the behaviour of the material at the New software has been developed for this
sensor location and do not provide sucient purpose. Furthermore, CSIC utilises
information. CSIC has developed distributed commercial photogrammetric tools, to detect
Industry Partners

CSIC Technician Jason Shardelow training
Research Associate Hesham Aldaikh on fibre
optic splicing in the CSIC lab
Training and industry
engagement update
As an Innovation and Knowledge Centre interactive events, which offer a chance to have led to the development of new skills
(IKC), the key aim of CSIC is to undertake discuss specific challenges and identify and techniques to deliver smarter
world-leading research to transform the potential solutions, are open to Industry infrastructure: innovative sensors and
future of smart infrastructure and Partners and other organisations, including technologies that can provide clear evidence
construction and industry-collaborative SMEs and developers. During 2015, CSIC of where signicant savings can be made in
projects to establish the UK as a global took part in more than 25 external the future, successfully deployed on some of
leader in this eld. conferences including New Civil the largest infrastructure projects in the UK;
Engineers UK Roads, UK Rail, Piling and using data to develop whole-life, value-
Foundations and Basements and based decision-making frameworks for asset
Sharing information, Underground Structures, as well as the management; and looking at how
skills and knowledge Infrastructure Forum, and Institution of Civil infrastructure investments bring value to
Engineers (ICE) BIM 2015 and Asset cities and communities.
is key to advancing Management conferences. CSICs presence
industry adoption of at these events provides a showcase for its As well as pursuing a research agenda, CSIC
research and enables us to meet new supports businesses to exploit commercial
innovative solutions industry contacts a number of these opportunity and collaborations have
to engineering meetings have resulted in new and
collaborative project work.
resulted in a number of spin-outs and patent
applications including the low-power,
challenges. miniature, wireless sensor, UtterBerry and
CSIC also works to raise industry awareness vibration energy harvesting power-solution
CSIC is a hub for academia, industry and through dissemination, developing training technology, 8Power. Our collaboration with
government organisations to work together for industry in the use of innovative Industry Partner Cementation Skanska has
at a range of scales to transform the way in techniques and tools. We provide input to resulted in the company being able to fully
which we deliver infrastructure and ensure standards and CSICs leading experts have commercialise a new industry method for
the value and benets from our world-class written a series of industry best practice and integrity testing which it is now putting to
research outputs, activities and impact reach technology guides in conjunction with ICE. full use on the new Battersea Station project
a wide audience. CSIC receives funding from Innovate UK, the that is part of the Northern Line Extension
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (see more details on page 22) and is
CSIC hosts, attends and presents at events, Council (EPSRC), and works with the shortlisted for two industry awards.
conferences and workshops both Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) and
nationally and internationally. CSIC brought other strategic partners, including the These exportable technologies, techniques,
the international community together, Department for Transport (DfT), to support skills, products and services are of great
hosting the Cambridge Conference on them in showcasing the very latest benet to the British economy, and oer
Fibre Optic Sensing in Civil Infrastructure developments in engineering sensing substantial markets for commercial
and the Cambridge Conference on Wireless technologies for a UK and an international exploitation. They are signature components
Sensor Networks in Civil Infrastructure, audience. of the CSIC eect where the Centre acts as
precursors to this years International a catalyst to implement cutting edge tools
Conference for Smart Infrastructure and In the past ve years we have collaborated and techniques from research into the
Construction. CSIC also hosted a series of closely with more than 40 Industry Partners infrastructure industry and supply chain.
Future Technologies Workshops with topics working on many major engineering
including the Internet of Things and the projects, including Crossrail, Staordshire
use of Big Data in the context of Alliance and London Bridge Station
infrastructure and construction. These Redevelopment Project. These collaborations

Our people
CSIC Phase One Investigators
Professor Lord Robert Mair, CBE
Sir Kirby Laing Professor of Civil Engineering
Lord Mair is Head of CSIC. He is a Vice-President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, a Fellow of the Royal Academy
of Engineering, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was formerly Master of Jesus College, Head of Civil
Engineering at the University of Cambridge and Senior Vice-President of the Royal Academy of Engineering. In the
2010 New Year's Honours list he was awarded a CBE and was appointed an independent crossbencher in the
House of Lords in October 2015. Before he was appointed to a Professorship at Cambridge in 1998 he worked in
industry for 27 years, and was a founding partner of the Geotechnical Consulting Group. His research group at
Cambridge specialises in the geotechnics of tunnelling and underground construction. He has advised on
numerous tunnelling and major civil engineering projects in the UK and worldwide, including the Jubilee Line
Extension, Crossrail and HS1. He is Chairman of the Science Advisory Council of the Department for Transport and
Engineering Adviser to the Laing ORourke Group.
Professor Roberto Cipolla

Professor of Information Engineering
Roberto Cipolla joined the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, in 1992 as a Lecturer and a Fellow
of Jesus College. He became a Reader in Information Engineering in 1997 and a Professor in 2000. His research
interests are in computer vision and robotics to include: the recovery of motion and 3D shape of visible surfaces
from image sequences; object detection and recognition; novel man-machine interfaces using hand, face and
body gestures; real-time visual tracking for localisation and robot guidance and applications of computer vision in
mobile phones.
Dr Mohammed Elshafie
Laing ORourke Lecturer of Construction Engineering
Mohammed Elshae is a Fellow of Robinson College and a member of the geotechnical research team at the
University of Cambridge, which is at the forefront of applying optical bre strain sensing technology on a wide
range of civil engineering infrastructure assets. The teams work has been recognised by a number of awards
including the Fleming Award 2013 for Geotechnical Engineering Excellence from the ICE and the BGS in London,
the Ground Investigation and Monitoring Award 2014 sponsored by the International Tunnelling and
Underground Space Awards, and the ICE Russell Crampton Award for the best paper in the ICE Proceedings of
Geotechnical Engineering for 2014. He previously worked as a geotechnical engineer at Geotechnical Consulting
Group (GCG) in London.
Dr Ying Jin
Senior University Lecturer
Ying Jin leads the urban modelling group at the Department of Architecture. His research interests are focused on
the understanding and modelling of physical planning and urban design interventions through activity sensing,
logistics monitoring, spatial analytics, machine-learning and real option theory. Past projects include strategic
planning of London and surrounding regions, local planning in English Midlands, freight and logistics across
Britain, transport and energy scenarios for EU, and urban and transport plans in China and South America. In 2015
he was a co-author of a best paper at Computational Science and Its Applications (2015) on adaptive zoning. He is
a member of the British Standards Institute Committee for Smart Community Infrastructure (SDS/001/08), the
Steering Group for PAS180 (Smart Cities Vocabulary), and ISO ad hoc committee on transportation and
information sharing under TC 268/SC01.
Professor Cecilia Mascolo

Professor of Mobile Systems
Cecilia Mascolo was a faculty member in the Department of Computer Science, UCL, prior to joining the University
of Cambridge in 2008. She is Fellow of the British Computer Society (BCS) and a Fellow of the Royal Statistical
Society. Her research interests include mobile and sensor systems, mobility modelling, mobile applications, and
mobile data analysis. She has worked on systems to improve eciency of mobile and wearable devices, sensing
systems, and models able to cater for spatio-temporal aspects related to human mobility.
32 Our people Annual Review 2016

Professor Duncan McFarlane
Professor of Industrial Informational Engineering
Duncan McFarlane is Head of the Distributed Information and Automation Laboratory within the Institute for
Manufacturing, University of Cambridge. He has been involved in the design and operation of industrial
automation and information systems for 20 years. His research work is focused in the areas of distributed industrial
automation, recongurable systems, RFID integration, track and trace systems, and valuing industrial information.
Most recently he has been examining the role of automation and information solutions in supporting service
environments and in addressing environmental concerns.
Professor Cam Middleton

Professor of Construction Engineering
Campbell Middleton is the Director of the Laing ORourke Centre for Construction Engineering and Technology. He
is Chairman of the UK Bridge Owners Forum that identies research needs and priorities for bridge infrastructure,
and Principal Investigator for the EPSRC Future Infrastructure Forum Network Grant for Resilient and Sustainable
Infrastructure. He previously worked in bridge and highway construction and design in Australia and London. He
contributes to the development of bridge codes of practice and acts as a specialist bridge consultant. Main areas
of interest include: computational collapse analysis; risk and reliability analysis; computer vision for structural
evaluation; non-destructive testing and inspection; wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring, and
sustainability evaluation of constructed facilities.
Dr Ajith Parlikad
Senior Lecturer
Ajith Parlikad is the Deputy Director of the Distributed Information and Automation Laboratory and leads the Asset
Management research group at the Institute for Manufacturing. Ajith oversees research activities on engineering
asset management and maintenance, with particular focus on examining how asset information can be used to
improve asset performance through eective decision making, to include: value-based approach for identifying
information requirements for infrastructure asset management; futureproong of infrastructure, and performance
measurement of asset management systems. He actively engages with industry through research and consulting
projects.
Dr Ashwin Seshia
Reader in Microsystems Technology
Ashwin A. Seshia is a Fellow of Queens College, a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, a Fellow of the Institution for
Engineering and Technology and a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. His
research interests include microengineered dynamical systems with applications to sensors and sensor systems. He
serves on the editorial boards of the IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, the IOP Journal of
Micromechanics and Microengineering and the IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency
Control.
Professor Kenichi Soga

Chancellors Professor, University of California, Berkeley
Kenichi Soga is formerly Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Cambridge. He is Fellow of the Royal
Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers. His current research activities include:
innovative monitoring and long-term performance of civil engineering infrastructure; energy geomechanics, and
modelling of underground construction processes. He is recipient of several awards including George Stephenson
Medal and Telford Gold Medal from the Institution of Civil Engineers and Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering
Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Our people Annual Review 2016 33

CSIC Phase One Core Team
Dr Jennifer Samantha Amelia Burnett Paul Heernan Dr Cedric Peter Knott Phil Keenan
Schooling Archetti Communications Former Director Kechavarzi Training Senior Technician Business
Director Administrator Manager and Knowledge Development
Transfer Manager Manager
Lisa Millard Larissa Moore Ellen Mumford Helen Needham Jason Shardelow Tianlei Wu Sandy Yatteau
Communications Former Former Former Technician Finance Manager Industry Partner
Administrator Administrator Communications Liaison Manager
Manager
Research Phase One Associates
Sinan Akgz Hesham Aldaikh Emmanuelle Liam Butler Phil Catton Rachel Cuthbert Manuel Davila
Arroyo Delgado
Nicky de Battista Steve Denman Cuong Do Christos Paul Fidler Martin Floeck Andrea Gaglione
Efstratiou
Niamh Gibbons Alex Hagen- Ankur Handa Simon Hartley Yu Jia Krishna Kumar Varindra Kumar
Zanker
34 Our people Annual Review 2016

Zili Li Zhenglin Liang Claudio Martani Tariq Masood Sarfraz Nawaz Viorica Loizos Pelecanos
Ptrucean
Pasquale David Rodenas Yi Rui Hyungjoon Seo Raj Srinivasan Kiril Stanilov Paul Vardanega
Ponterosso Herraiz
Ian Williams Chris Williamson Michael Xiaomin Xu Jize Yan Vassilis

Williamson Zachariadis
CSIC would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following current and
former PhD students, trainees, secondees and knowledge transfer partners who
helped deliver our Phase One research agenda
Mehdi Alhaddad Ping He Adnan Mortada Taichi Shimizu
Mohamed Alserdare Tim Hillel Takuma Nakamura Simon Stent
Mlanie Banes Hsintzu Ho Masanari Nakashima Hani Taha
Heba Bevan Kaveh Jahanshahi Giuseppe Narciso Seda Torisu
Jules Birks Koson Janmonta Tatsua Nihei David Turner
Gerald Casey Xihe Jiao Bella Nguyen Li Wan
Emmanuel Chimamkpam- Yingyan Jin Jhon L.L. Nuqui Fei Wang
Okonkwo Vivien Kwan Masahito Omori Kelly Wang
Shao-Tuan Chen Vitaly Levdik Echo Ouyang Graham Webb
Xuesong Cheng Chi Ming Leung Mahul Patel Matthew Wilcock
Debbie Deng Bo Li Yuchen Qian Jinlong Xu
Vanessa Di Murro Zhonglu Lin Zhihao Qui Seiji Yamada
Sijun Du Katie Liu Stefania Radopoulou Kyosuke Yasuda
Andreja Erbes Ying Wan Loh Stefan Ritter Gken Yilmaz
Njemile Faustin Linqing Luo Xiao Rong Yang Yu
Jimeng Feng Mingfei Ma Satoko Ryuo Yifei Yu
Tao Feng Ying Mei Tsubasa Sasaki Dan Zhang
Emanuele Giglio Nao Minakata Tina Schwamb Yi Zhang
Saleta Gil-Lorenzo Yuto Minakata Sakthy Selvakumaran Bingyu Zhao
Chang Ye Gue Tsukasa Mizutani Munenori Shibata Hong-Hu Zhu
Our people Annual Review 2016 35

Looking ahead
The future looks smart for infrastructure and
construction
This is a time of great opportunity in the smart city development. To achieve this, we
worlds of infrastructure and construction, plan to develop our model for industry
particularly for innovation and smart partnership, and work closely with a range of
solutions. With an increased focus by partners, including SMEs, to deliver robust
government on infrastructure and solutions and help to develop the supply
construction, the setting up of the National chains capabilities.
Infrastructure Commission and a number of
major organisations establishing innovation Thames Tideway and HS2 have conrmed
programmes, the time is ripe for their commitment to implementing
transformation in our industry. innovation, and are running focussed
programmes to engage their supply chain
We are delighted that EPSRC and Innovate UK and academia in shaping and delivering this.
have conrmed their support for CSIC over We look forward to exciting opportunities to
the next ve years, and that the Chancellors work with both organisations.
2016 Budget established the Governments
commitment to UKCRIC (see page 40), which To strengthen CSICs level of impact, we will
will provide a forum for inter-disciplinary work with a range of world-leading academic
Dr Jennifer Schooling collaboration between the UKs leading organisations to bring the best new thinking
researchers in infrastructure and cities. in relevant areas to our partners. This includes
Director of CSIC the addition of a number of new Co-
University of Cambridge Preparations for the launch of CSICs second Investigators to the CSIC team.
phase are under way, and we are currently
developing the themes emerging from the Through UKCRIC we are developing new links
UKCRIC scoping workshops to help shape our with related EPSRC programmes, including
proposed research agenda for the next ve International Centre for Infrastructure Futures
As an industry we years. (ICIF), Infrastructure Business Models
must continue to Valuation and Innovation for Local Delivery
While CSICs work to date has delivered a (IBUILD) and Multi-scale Infrastructure
break down barriers number of achievements in promoting Systems Analytics (MISTRAL). Internationally
and engage at all innovative solutions for smart infrastructure, we are working with the University of
an industry survey carried out by the California at Berkeley, the Centre for
levels to foster Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
innovation, placing it highlighted key ongoing challenges: at Rutgers University, USA, the University of
lack of integrated solutions for smart Tokyo, Japan, the National University of
at the heart of infrastructure Singapore, and Tongji University, China.
infrastructure limited industry appetite for innovation
reliability and safety concerns CSIC will also spin-in technologies from other
planning. No single lack of a strong business case for smart elds, working with other UK universities and
organisation can do infrastructure solutions
lack of choice in the supply chain.
the Catapults in Transport Systems, Future
Cities, Advanced Manufacturing and Digital
this alone, but if we Economy to engage their partners in these
Responding to these industry challenges will, emerging areas in delivering smart
work together, we all in part, shape CSICs agenda and build on infrastructure solutions.
benefit. achievements arising from our collaborative
work with leading partners in the Collaboration will be key to success. CSIC is
infrastructure and construction markets. In working with industry bodies including the
addition to continued innovation in new Construction Leadership Council (CLC) and
technologies and approaches, CSIC will seek the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) to unite
to expand and integrate the work of Phase the industry in smart innovation.
One in order to bring holistic and smart
solutions that can be easily deployed by There is more yet to be done. As an industry
industry to address real needs. we must continue to break down barriers and
engage at all levels to foster innovation,
Over the next ve years CSIC is keen to placing it at the heart of infrastructure
increase its industry reach and support the UK planning. No single organisation can do this
to become a world leader in the elds of alone, but if we work together, we all benet.
sensing technologies, asset management and
36 Looking ahead Annual Review 2016

CSICs new Phase Two Investigators
Dr Giovanna Biscontin
Lecturer in Geotechnical Engineering
Giovanna Biscontin was awarded her MS and PhD in geotechnical engineering from the University of California,
Berkeley (USA). She was an academic at Texas A&M University until joining the Department of Engineering at the
University of Cambridge in 2013. Her work focuses on characterising and modelling the response of soils,
especially when subjected to cyclic loading, such as earthquakes. Her research interests are also related to oshore
deposits and soft marine clays in particular. She received the CAREER Award from the US National Science
Foundation in 2004. Her work also includes constitutive modelling of the compressive response of Venice Lagoon
soils, seaoor-riser interaction, correlations between strength and geophysical properties, design of mechanically
stabilised earth walls, and probabilistic methods applied to geotechnical engineering. She is currently heading a
project on design of foundations for oshore wind towers, sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Dr Ruchi Choudhary
Reader in Architectural Engineering
Dr Ruchi Choudhary is leading the multi-disciplinary Energy Ecient Cities initiative (EECi) with colleagues in
transport technologies and urban planning. She specialises in building simulation and environmental
characteristics of the built environment. Her current research focuses on urban-scale energy simulation of built
environments, with specic emphasis on uncertainty analysis and retrots of existing buildings. The work
investigates how simulation science can support pathways towards energy ecient cities, taking into account
large variability among buildings, and a highly dynamic context associated with economics, regulations, and the
inuence of new emerging technologies. This research has led to new methods and tools including: a simulation
platform for multi-period energy retrots under economic uncertainties; stochastic urban-scale energy model that
quanties the impact of current UK policies, and spatial energy network optimisation tool to predict energy and
emissions.
Professor Daping Chu

Head of the Photonics & Sensors Group
Daping Chu is Chairman of the Centre for Advanced Photonics and Electronics (CAPE) Steering Committee. He is a
Director of Research and also a Fellow and Director of Studies at Selwyn College, a chartered engineer, a Fellow of
the Institution of Engineering and Technology, a Chartered Physicist and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics. He
joined the Engineering Department at the University of Cambridge in 1998 and Cambridge Research Laboratory of
Epson in 1999, where he was the Executive Researcher. His research activity has encompassed theoretical and
experimental condensed matter physics. Current research interests include: future display technologies - full colour
high brightness trans-reective displays and 2D/3D holography; GHz/THz tunable dielectrics; energy saving and
radiation control for the built environment, metal oxide materials and transparent electronics and printable and
exible electronics and inkjet fabrication
Dr Matthew DeJong
Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering
Matthew is a Fellow and Director of Studies in Engineering at St Catharine's College. Previously he was a Fulbright
Scholar at the Technical University of Delft and completed his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In
2009 he won the Edoardo Benvenuto Prize for his research in mechanics of masonry structures. He has worked in
industry, for a structural engineering design consultancy in California, and his current research interests include:
earthquake engineering and structural dynamics; assessment and monitoring of existing infrastructure; masonry
structures; computational modelling and soil-structure interaction.
Looking ahead Annual Review 2016 37

Dr Elisabete Silva
Senior Lecturer in Spatial Planning
Elisabete Silva is a Fellow and Director of Studies at Robinson College. She is Director of the M.Phil in Planning
Growth and Regeneration and Director of the Lab of Interdisciplinary Spatial Analysis (LISA Lab), a Geographic
Information Lab that congregates data, software and expertise for spatial analysis in Land Economy's related
subjects planning, real estate and nance, environmental policy, environmental and climate change. Her 20-year
research career, both in the public and private sector, brings focus to the application of new technologies to spatial
planning, in particular city and metropolitan dynamic modelling through time, including: land use, transportation
and metropolitan planning; regional and integrated planning (urban/transportation/environmental); geographic
information systems and planning support systems, and computation and dynamic simulation AI models.
Dr James Talbot
University Lecturer
James Talbot is Fellow and Director of Studies in Engineering, at Peterhouse. He is a chartered engineer and a Fellow
of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, a Member of the Institute of Acoustics and a Director of the International
Institute of Acoustics & Vibration. His post-doctoral research focused on the control of noise and vibration from
underground railways. He worked with engineering consultancy Atkins where he spent nine years working primarily
in the elds of vibration engineering and structural integrity. His experience covers experimental work, theoretical
analysis and design from across a wide range of industries. He returned to the University of Cambridge, where he
completed his BA and MEng, in 2013 as a University Lecturer in the Structures Group of the Civil Engineering
Division. His research interests lie broadly within the eld of structural dynamics to include: dynamic models for the
performance-based design of base-isolated buildings; analysis and control of ground-borne vibration and re-
radiated noise from roads and railways, and dynamic measurements for monitoring structural integrity.

The International Conference on Smart Infrastructure
and Construction (ICSIC)
The International Conference on Smart infrastructure assets; asset management and management and interpretation and the
Infrastructure and Construction (ICSIC) 2016, specication and procurement of major value of smart infrastructure to society.
organised and hosted by CSIC, will bring infrastructure assets. Parallel session streams will discuss:
together world-leading academics and Cities the role of planning in
practitioners from the elds of infrastructure enhancing resilience and adaptability of
Director of CSIC, Dr Jennifer Schooling, said:
planning, asset management and sensing. the urban environment; how investment
ICSIC 2016 is a in infrastructure promotes economic
Key speakers at the three-day event, taking development
place from 27 to 29 June 2016, include:
significant step in the Assets whole-life approaches to asset
Professor Tom ORourke, Thomas R Briggs history of CSIC. The management; futureproong
Professor of Engineering, School of Civil and considerations for infrastructure asset
Environmental Engineering, Cornell conference has management
University, USA; Andrew Wolstenholme OBE, attracted key speakers Sensors how better information can
Chief Executive Ocer, Crossrail, UK; Keith inform exible design, improved
Clarke CBE, Vice President, Institution of Civil from industry and resilience and life extension; the role of
Engineers and David McKeown, CEO, academia who are sensing in performance-based design
Institute of Asset Management, UK. and condition-based maintenance.
world-leading experts
Key topics for discussion will include in their fields. This The organisers of ICSIC 2016 include Head of
infrastructure resilience, design for CSIC, Professor Lord Robert Mair (Co-Chair),
infrastructure adaptability, creating value event will create a CSIC Co-Investigators Professor Kenichi Soga
from infrastructure and delivering smarter
infrastructure. The unique combination of
unique platform for (Co-Chair), Dr Ying Jin, Professor Duncan
McFarlane, Professor Cam Middleton, Dr Ajith
specialist elds and disciplines at ICSIC 2016 discussion with the Parlikad and Director of CSIC, Dr Jennifer
will bring focus to the power of smarter
information with the aim of confronting
aim of furthering Schooling.
persistent barriers and identifying and CSICs key aim to ICSIC 2016 will be held at Robinson College,
developing novel and proactive solutions. University of Cambridge from Monday 27 to
transform the future Wednesday 29 June. The conference dinner
ICSIC 2016 will provide a dynamic platform of infrastructure will be held at St Johns College on Tuesday
for researchers and academics working in 28 June.
the elds of geotechnical and structural
through smarter
engineering, structural health monitoring, information. For full details see:
asset management and city scale www-icsic.eng.cam.ac.uk
infrastructure planning the use of smarter A number of topics related to the key theme
data in cities. The conference will also be of will also be addressed, including: For further information contact:
interest to decision makers and analysts from engagement with dierent stakeholders and ICSIC 2016 Event Manager:
industry and government responsible for: wider society; the role of regulators and [email protected]
design, construction and operation of standards bodies; eective data +44(0)1223 766141
Looking ahead Annual Review 2016 39

The University of Cambridge partners with UKCRIC to
further infrastructure research
Image of the National Research Facility for Infrastructure Sensing. Courtesy of Grimshaw Architects
The University of Cambridge is one of the A dedicated deployment team will assist the
founding members of the United Kingdom
The University of installation, monitoring and maintenance of
Collaboratorium for Research in Cambridge will the newly developed sensor systems,
Infrastructure and Cities (UKCRIC). UKCRIC enabling all UKCRIC partners to develop
will be one of the largest collaborative
receive 18 million in powerful sensing platforms that can be
research programmes in the UK, connecting funding to build a deployed in the eld quickly and eectively.
multiple communities of researchers Sensors will be used through the
working on clean water supplies, transport, National Research construction and life of the building, to
social interaction, waste management, Facility for exemplify the possibilities of smart
energy, sensors, ood defences, urban living, infrastructure technology.
and data handling, amongst other areas, to Infrastructure Sensing
provide a coordinated multidisciplinary and
cross sectoral knowledge base. Current
on the West The major new building (4280m) will house:
double- and single-height laboratories
national and international partners include: Cambridge site, which for rapid prototyping and open-source
Bristol City Council, Network Rail, Mott
MacDonald, Buro Happold, Atkins, National
will build upon the microcontroller platforms to produce
and develop novel sensor systems at a
Grid, Department for Transport, EDF and expertise of the range of scales
Thames Water, with many more partners to vibration isolated and severe
follow.
Centre for Smart environment laboratories to test and
Infrastructure and calibrate sensors under a range of
Initially spanning 14 universities, UKCRIC has environmental conditions and
received 138 million in capital funding from
Construction. temperatures
the Government on the basis that there is an a Microelectromechanical systems
urgent need, and a transformative The interdisciplinary research facility, due to (MEMS) lab
opportunity, to develop and exploit major open in spring 2018, will focus on research an advanced structural dynamics lab
advances in scientic and engineering in the application and development of with scaled and full-scale physical
understanding and connect this with the advanced sensor technologies for the testing capabilities
evolving needs and ambitions of nations monitoring of the UKs existing and future advanced facilities for data analysis and
and cities within the UK. The funding will be infrastructure, in order to improve resilience smart construction computation
used for 11 national laboratories that and extract maximum whole-life value. The a eld deployment team
underpin transformative research for all use of advanced sensors and appropriate lecture and teaching space.
partners and stakeholders. Further funding is data analysis will ensure better product
being sought for a central Coordination quality, enhanced construction safety, and To learn more about the United Kingdom
Node, a series of linked Urban Observatories smarter asset management. Collaboratorium for Research in
and multi-level modelling and simulation Infrastructure and Cities visit:
facilities. www.ukcric.co.uk

CSIC would like to thank our Phase One Industry Partners
Infrastructure clients (owners and operators)
Consultants, contractors and asset managers
Technology and information supply chain
Knowledge partners
Unless credited all photographs have been provided by sta and students at CSIC, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge
Cambridge Centre for
Smart Infrastructure
& Construction
Email: [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0)1223 746976
www.centreforsmartinfrastructure.com
@CSIC-IKC
An Innovation and Knowledge Centre funded by
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Cambridge Centre for

Annual Review 2016

Optical fibre fusion splicer being operated in

Industry update from John Pelton, Crossrail 7

CSIC www.centreforsmartinfrastructure.com Annual Review 2016 1

CSIC Research Associates Niamh Gibbons

Jointly funded by the Engineering and Infrastructure and Cities a consortium of

Executive updates Annual Review 2016 3

There are substantial UK and international Get in touch with CSIC

Executive updates Annual Review 2016 5

CSIC PhD Students Chang Ye Gue,

Executive updates Annual Review 2016 7

The potential of this method is vast, but the

A CSIC-developed, patented, low-cost, board power solution to complement

8 Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016

The four guides are intended to be far-

All titles will be available to purchase from

CSICs new oce at the Department of infrastructure enabling researchers to learn

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 9

Representative schematic of the London

A prominent emphasis of the PASs is

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 11

A 3D BIM model by Manuel Davila showing sensors active during curing

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 13

CSIC Co-Investigator Dr Matthew DeJong

CSIC has led the development and Wireless Sensor Networks

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 15

Schematic of a CSIC developed low power

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 17

A view of the completed instrumented

Monitoring and modelling dynamic strain of railway

The project The innovations Impact and value

Timeline of whole-life value

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 19

Integration of sensing technologies in the London Bridge

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 21

CSIC trained Cementation Skanska

CSIC and Cementation Skanska when project

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 23

Monitoring storm water inflow in a foul sewer using

The project The cable was connected to a bre optic

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 25

CSIC Technician Peter Knott and Research

Fibre optic sensing innovations on Crossrail

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 27

Futureproofing and safeguarding heritage structures

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 29

Implementing innovation Annual Review 2016 31

Professor Roberto Cipolla

Professor Cecilia Mascolo

32 Our people Annual Review 2016

Professor Cam Middleton

Professor Kenichi Soga

Our people Annual Review 2016 33

Research Phase One Associates

34 Our people Annual Review 2016

Ian Williams Chris Williamson Michael Xiaomin Xu Jize Yan Vassilis

Our people Annual Review 2016 35

36 Looking ahead Annual Review 2016