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1.what Is MPLS

MPLS is a packet forwarding technology that uses labels for forwarding decisions to improve performance. It combines the benefits of OSI layer 2 switching speed and layer 3 routing. MPLS adds a label between the layer 2 and 3 headers. The label is used for forwarding instead of looking up routing tables. This speeds up forwarding. MPLS establishes label switched paths between ingress and egress routers to forward labeled packets along the path more efficiently.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
67 views8 pages

1.what Is MPLS

MPLS is a packet forwarding technology that uses labels for forwarding decisions to improve performance. It combines the benefits of OSI layer 2 switching speed and layer 3 routing. MPLS adds a label between the layer 2 and 3 headers. The label is used for forwarding instead of looking up routing tables. This speeds up forwarding. MPLS establishes label switched paths between ingress and egress routers to forward labeled packets along the path more efficiently.

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2/17/2017 WhatisMPLS?|www.ipcisco.

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WhatisMPLS?
Category:CCIE,CCIESP,CCNPSP,CiscoCertification,MPLS,NetworkCertifications
Author:gokhankosem,on23May112Comments

WhatisMPLS?
MPLS is a packetforwarding technology which uses labels for data forwarding decisions.Over time,
usersinnetworkshaveincreasedandthisbigtraffichasbrougthighbandwidthandforwardingspeed
need.The existing routing protocols was looking to the routing table for forwarding decision on all
nodesandthiswasoverloadingtheroutersandcausealotoftimelose.HereMPLSbringsCEFbeside
andthisbypasstheslowpartofthislayer3decisions.Besidethatitbringsthespeedofosilayer2
swithing.Inbrief,MPLSiscombiningthebenefitialpartsofbothlayer2andlayer3ofosireference
model.

Inadditiontothisnegativefacts,thereweresomeotherproblemsaboutATMwhileworkingtogether
with Ethernet and Frame Relay. To solve all these problems IETF developed MPLS in 1997. This
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development could be done with existing routing protocols. But changing all the existing routing
protocolswereverydifficult,soIETFchoosedevelopinganewprotocol.

This new protocol is using labels for routing decisions. These labels are router specific and local
significanttothatrouter.

MPLSBenefits

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Combinethebenefitialpartsoflayer2andlayer3ofOSImodel.
Decreasetheroutersload,providespeedandperformanceincrement.
ProvideeasymanagableVPNdefinitionsbetweenedgedevices.
Withtrafficengineering,providesmanagementofthetraffic.
SimplifiestheIPforwardingoverATMdevices.

MPLSHeader
ForMPLS,anheaderisaddedbetweenlayer2andlayer3header.Thisheaderis32bitlong.
Theheadercontentis20bitlabelvalue,3bitexperimentelvalue,onebitbottomofstackvalue
and8bitTimetoLivevalue.

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Label value is local significant for the router and used for label swicthing.Experimental field is
usedasClassofServiceforQoS.Onebitbottomofstackvalueshowsthatifthislabelvalueis
the last label in packet or not(1 shows that it is the last). Finally the TTL value used for loop
protectionlikeotherIPpackets.Heretobemoreclearly,Ishowedtheseonebitfieldsdifferent
valuesbelow.

Tobemoreclearlyandmorenearofrealworld,wecanexamineMPLSheaderwiththebelow
capture example. In this example MPLS header is shown with blue rectangle.As you can see
MPLSheaderisbetweenthelayer2header(ethernetIIheader)andlayer3header.

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MPLSTerms
TherearesometermsusedinMPLSthatwillfacilitatetounderstandMPLSconcept.Imentioned
thesetermsclearlybelow.

RouterTerms
Firstly I want to talk about router terms used in MPLS. These terms are, customer router,
customer edge router, provider router and provider edge router . The below shape is clearly
explainthelocationoftheserouters.

Additiontotheseterms,weuseLSR(Labelswithingrouter)andEdgeLSRtermsforanyrouter
capableoflabelswitching.Sohere,ProutersarealsocalledLSRandPEroutersarealsocalled
EdgeLSR.ForspecificallyedgeLSRscanbedividedtwoasingressandegressedgeLSRs.The
belowshapeshowsthisclearly:

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LSP(LabelSwitchingPath)
LabelSwitchingPathisavirtualpaththatthedatatransmissiondoneonit.Itisalabelseries
thatbelongstotheroutersfromsourcethroughdestination.ThebelowshapeshowsLSP:

FEC(ForwardingEquivalanceClass)
Thistermisusedforthegroupofpacketsthatareforwardedbasedonthesamemanner,over
thesmaepathandwiththesameforwardingtreatment.

LabelDistributionProtocols
There are two protocol for label distribution.One is a general standard LDP(Label Distribution
Protocol).TheotheroneisaCiscoproprietartprotocolcalledTDP(TagDistributionProtocol).

TablesusedwithMPLS
TherearefourtypetablethatisrelatedtoMPLS.ThistablesareformedwithCEF(CiscoExpress
Forwarding)mechanismandtheLabelDistributionProtocols.

RIB(RoutingInformationBase)
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Itistheclassicalroutingtableoftherouter.Thistablecontainstheclassicroutinginformations
aboutthedestinationnetwork.

FIB(ForwardingInformationBase)
ItisformedfromRIBbyCEFtoacceleraterouteforwardingprocess.

LIB(LabelInformationBase)
Itisthetablethatisformedbythelabeldistributionprotocolanditcontaisallthelabelsknown
byanLSR.Itcontainsthelabel,LSRandnetworkinformation.

LFIB(LabelForwardingInformationBase)
It is the routing database for labeled packets.I determines how the incoming label will be
forwardedtothenexthop.

ControlPlaneveDataPlane
MPLSworksintwodifferentblocksinRouters.Theseblocksarecontrolplaneanddataplane.

ControlPlane
Control plane is the block that the layer 3 routing protocols are work and the routing
informationisstoredhere.Besidethat,protocolslikethatRSVPandLDPworkshere.

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DataPlane
Data plane is the block that forwards the label based data. Data plane do this with the
table(LIB)storedincontrolplane.

ThefollowingpicturesofLSRandEdgeLSRwillexplainthecontrolplaneanddataplanemore
clearly.Herebothcontrolplaneanddataplaneareshownbesidetheirrelatedtables.

YOUCANREACHALLTHEMPLSARTICLESANDCONFIGURATIONSBELOW
MPLSBasics
WhatisMPLS?
EnablingMPLSonCiscoRouter

MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDP
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart1
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart3(ConfigurationonALU)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart4(ECMP)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart5(ExportandImportPolicy,PrefixAggregation)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart6(TLDP)

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MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart7(CRLDP)

MPLS,RSVPTE
MPLS,RSVPTEPart1
MPLS,RSVPTEPart2(AlcatelLucentConfiguration)

MPLSProtectionAndRestoration
MPLSProtectionandRestorationPart1
MPLSProtectionandRestorationPart2(EndtoEndProtection,SecondaryPaths)
MPLSProtectionandRestorationPart3(PathDiversityinSecondaryPaths)
MPLSProtectionandRestorationPart4(LocalProtection,FastReroute)
MPLSProtectionandRestorationPart5(FastRerouteProtectionTypes)

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