Topic: Inequalities

Prerequisite Concepts: Operations on integers, Order of real number

Objectives: In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Differentiate between equations and inequalities,
2. Find the solution of an inequality involving one variable.
Lesson Proper:
Points of Difference Linear Equation Linear Inequalities
Differences between Linear Equation and Linear
Symbols = , <, >, ,
Inequalities:
Number of Solution Exactly one / one / infinite More than one
Graph of Solution A point Set of points
Example: x + 7 = 25 3x + 4 > 16
Definition:
Inequality A mathematical statement where one algebraic expression is not equal to another algebraic expression.
Symbol Meaning Examples:
Not equal x+56
< Less than 7 (x + 2) < - 5
> Greater than 5 > 2x + 4
Less than or equal to 4 5x + 2
Greater than or equal to x+27

Graphing linear inequalities: Legend: - This indicates that the number is not part of solution

- This indicates that the number is part of solution

a. x > -4 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
b. x 8 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
c. x 9 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
2
d. x 3 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
e. -3 < x < 3 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
f. 0 x < 5 - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
Explanation:
a. The values of variable x are set of all numbers greater that -4 going to positive infinity but not including -4.
b. The values of variable x are set are set of all numbers in the number line not including +8.
c. The values of variable x are set of all number from + 9 to positive infinity.
2
d. The values of variable x are set of all number from - to negative infinity.
3
e. The values of variable x are set of all numbers between -5 to +5.
f. The values of variable x are set of all numbers from 0 up to the number before 5.

Exercise 1 Graph the following inequalities.

1. x > 7 4. 10 25
2. x < 14 5. x -12
3. -4 5
Properties of Inequalities
Addition Property of Inequality (API) - let a, b, and c are real numbers. If a < b, then a + c > b + c, and a - c > b - c.
Examples: 2. x - 8 < 11 1. x + 7 0
Solution: x 8 < - 11 Solution: x+70
x 8 + 8 < - 11 + 8 x + 7 - 7 0 -7
x < -3 x-7

Multiplication Property of Inequality (MPI) - let a, b, and c are real numbers and c 0.
If Then

a > b and c > 0 (a)(c) > (b)(c) and
>

a < b and c > 0 (a)(c) < (b)(c) and
>

<a > b and c < 0 (a)(c) < (b)(c) and <


a < b and c < 0 (a)(c) > (b)(c) and
>

Examples:
3. Given: 5x 9 > -2x + 5 4. Given: 2(x - 3) 5x +12
Solution: 5x 9 + 9 > -2x + 5 + 9 Solution: 2x - 6 + 6 5x + 12 +6
5x > -2x + 14 2x 5x + 18
5x + 2x > -2x + 2x + 14 2x - 5x 5x - 5x + 18

()7x > 14() (-) -3x 18 (-)

x>2 x-6

Note: When multiplying a negative number on

both sides of the inequality, the sign of the
inequality changes. From to and vice versa,
> to < and vice versa.

Graph of x > 2 : - +
-10 -5 0 5 10

Graph of x - 6: - +
-10 -5 0 5 10
Given: -3< x + 2 < 14 Given: -1 2 3x < 11
Solution: -3 - 2 < x + 2 -2 < 14 -2 Solution: -1 -2 2 -2 3x < 11 -2
-5 < x < 12
-3 (- ) 3x (- ) < 9 (- )
1 x > -3

Graph of -5 < x < 12: - +

-10 -5 0 10 15
0
Graph of 1 x > -3: - +
-3 < x 1 -10 -5 0 5 10
Exercise 2a: Simplify the following inequalities.
1. x+4 > 7 =
2. x - 5 > 14 =
3. x + 5 < 12 =
4. x 6 < 11 =
5. x + 8 -4 =

6. x 9 -13 =
7. 2x < 18 =
8. 3x -9 =
9. -5x 25 =
10. -4x 24 =
Exercise 2b: Simplify first, then graph the following inequalities.
1. x + 47 > 36 =
2. y - 83 -79 =
3. -2 + 9x 10x =
4. 14 - 18y -7y =
5. 15x - 4 > 11x 16 =

6. 13 - y 29 + 2y =
7. 5x + 7 3(x + 1) =
8. -23 < 3x 11 < -2 =
9. -7 < x + 14 < 8 =
10. -1 + 2y 5 - 2y =

Graph of Exercise 2b:

1. . - +

2. . - +

3. . - +

4. . - +

5. . - +

6. . - +

7. . - +

8. . - +

9. . - +

10. . - +
Graph of Exercise 1.

1. - +

2. - +

3. - +

4. - +

5. - +