Power Quality Improvement for Grid Integrated RES Using

STATCOM

A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)

Submitted by
P. Dileep
(Regd No: 11006205)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr.P.Lakshman Naik,
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

K L University
Green Fields, Vaddeswaram (P.O), GUNTUR Dist, - 522502, A.P, INDIA

2014 - 2015
 KL UNIVERSITY
Green fields, VADDESWARAM

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Power Quality Improvement for Grid Integrated
RES Using STATCOM submitted by P. Dileep (11006205) in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING is a bonafide record of the work carried out under the
guidance and supervision at KL University during the academic year 2014-2015.

Project guide Head of the Department

Mr.P.Lakshman Naik Dr.M.Venu Gopala Rao

External Examiner
 CONTENTS
Page No
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
List of Tables iii
List of Figures iii

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. POWER QUALITY 4
2.1 Definition 4
2.2 Power Quality Reliability 5
2.3 Power Quality Problems and Issues 6
2.3.1 Voltage Sags and Swells 7
2.3.1.1 Causes for Sag 7
2.3.1.2 Causes for Swell 7
2.3.2 Voltage Unbalance 7
2.3.2.1 Causes for Unbalance 7
2.3.3 Voltage Flicker 8
2.3.3.1 Causes 8
2.3.3.2 Effect 8
2.3.4 Voltage Interruption 8
2.3.5 Harmonics 9
2.4 Effect of Power Quality Problems in Equipments 9
2.5 Sources of Power Quality Problems 10
2.6 Cause of Power Quality 10
2.6.1 Major Causes of Power Quality Problems 11
2.7 Solutions to Power Quality Problems 11
2.7.1 Lightning and Surge Arrester 12
2.7.2 Thyristor Based Static Switch 12
2.7.3 Energy Storage Systems 12
 2.8 Power Quality Standards 12

3. FACTS CONTROLLER 18
3.1 FACTS Definition 18
3.2 Power Filter Topologies 21
3.3 Control Strategies 23
3.4 Types of FACTS Controllers 24
3.4.1 Series Controller 25
3.4.2 Shunt Controllers 25
3.4.3 Combined Series-Series Controller 25
3.4.4 Combined Shunt-Series Controller 26
3.5 Symbols for FACTS Controllers 26
3.6 Typical FACTS Devices and their Functions 27

4. DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATOR (DSTATCOM) 29

4.1 Construction 30
4.1.1 Test System 34
4.2 Voltage Source Converter (VSC) 34
4.3 DSTATCOM of Voltage Regulation 35
4.3.1 Voltage Regulation without Compensator 35
4.3.1.1 Phasor Diagrams 35
4.3.2 Voltage Regulation Using the DSTATCOM 37
4.4 Basic Operating Principle 37
4.4.1 Exchange of Reactive Power 37
4.4.2 Exchange of Real Power 37
4.5 Advantages 38
4.6 Wind Turbines 39
4.6.1 Horizontal Axis 39
4.6.1.1 The Advantages of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines 39
4.6.1.2 The Disadvantages of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines 40
4.6.2 Vertical Axis 40
 4.6.2.1 The Advantages of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 41
4.7 Wind Energy Generating System 41
4.7.1 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine 43
4.7.2 Control Scheme 43
4.7.2.1Grid Synchronization 44
4.7.3 System Operation 45

5. SIMULINK MODEL AND RESULTS 46

5.1 Circuit Diagram 46
5.2 Simulation Results 47
5.2.1 Single Phase 47
5.2.2 Three Phase 48
5.2.3 Power Factor 48
5.2.4 Source Current THD 49
5.2.5 Variable Wind Speed 49
5.3 FFT Analysis 50
5.3.1 With Filter 50
5.3.2 With Statcom 50
5.3.3 Without Statcom 51

6.FUTURE SCOPE 52
7. CONCLUSION 53
8. REFERENCES 54
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of mine, the success of any work depends largely on the encouragement
and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who
have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

I would like to show my appreciation to the guide Mr. P. Lakshman Naik, Assistant Professor,
Department of EEE. I cant say thank you enough for this tremendous support and help. I feel
motivated and encouraged every time I attend his meetings. Without his encouragement and
guidance this project would not have materialized and implementation

I deeply indebted to the Head of the Department Dr.M.Venu Gopala Rao, Professor,
Department of EEE who modeled me both technically and morally for achieving greater
success in project.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to our Chancellor Dr.Rammurthy, Vice-Chancellor

Dr.L.S.S.Reddy and our beloved principal Dr.A.Anand Kumar for giving us opportunity to
study in this esteemed university and provide us all required resources. Finally, I owe a lot to the
friends, teaching and non-teaching staff of the Dept. of EEE for their direct and indirect support
in the entire course of the project.

i
 ABSTRACT

Usage of non- linear loads has been increasing day-by-day which are connected in
distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. So these contain non-sinusoidal
currents which in turn contain harmonic currents that interact with the impedance of the power
distribution system to create voltage distortion that can affect both the distribution system
equipment and loads connected to it. This project re-presents a control strategy for achieving
maximum benets from these grid- interfacing inverters, when installed in 3-phase 3-wire
distribution systems. When the wind power is connected to an electric grid affects the power
quality. The effects of the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power,
variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations. The
installation of wind turbine with the grid causes power quality problems are be determined. The
grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement by using
STATCOM-control scheme is simulated using SIMULINK in power system block set. This
relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction
generator in this proposed scheme. This project deals with improvement of power quality within
the non-linear loads, by using STATCOM the disturbances can be stabilized.

ii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Table Name Page No

3.1.1 Overview of major FACTS-Devices 20

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Figure Name Page No
2.2 Power Quality and Reliability 5
2.3.1 Voltage Sags and Swells 7
2.3.3 Voltage Flicker 8
3.1 Operational limits of transmissions lines 19
for different voltage levels
3.5 General symbols of FACTS controllers 26
3.6 Functional diagrams of FACTS devices 28
4 Block diagram of D-STATCOM 30
4.1a Schematic diagram of DSTATCOM 31
4.1b Control algorithm of DSTATCOM with PI controller
33
4.1.1 Single line diagram of the test system for D-STATCOM 34
4.3.1 The Equivalent Circuit of Load and Supply System 35
4.3.1.1 Phasor of Uncompensated Line 35
4.3.1.2 Phasor of the Compensated Line 36
4.7 Grid connected system for power quality improvement 42
4.7.1 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine 43
4.7.3 System Operational Scheme in grid system 45

iii
5.1 Circuit Diagram 46
5.2.1 Single Phase 47
5.2.2 Three Phase 48
5.2.3 Power Factor 48
5.2.4 Source Current THD 49
5.2.5 Variable Wind Speed 49
5.3.1 With Filter 50
5.3.2 With STATCOM 50
5.3.3 Without STATCOM 51

iv