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MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2
Category:AlcatelLucent,AlcatelLucentCertification,CCIE,CCIESP,CCNPSP,CiscoCertification,JNCIE,
JNCIP,JuniperCertification,LDP,MPLS,NetworkCertifications,NRSII,SRA
Author:gokhankosem,on12Jul150Comments

LabelDistribution

AfterLDPsessionestablishment, labelsaredistributedfromtheTailEndroutertotheHeadEndrouterfor
eachprefix.Thisprocessoccursattheoppositedirectionofthedataplane.Atthedataplanethetrafficflow
goesformtheHeadEndtotheTailEnd.Butlabeldistributionprocessisdoneattheoppositedirection.

LabelDistributionAndTrafficFlow
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Withthesedistribution,LIBandtheLFIBtablesarefilled.

FIB,LIB,LFIB

These terms are very important terms in MPLS, We had also talked about this terms before, in the MPLS
articles.Buttorecall,Iwouldliketotellyouagainbelow.Letsbeginwithhowthistablesarefilled.

AlltheroutestoallthedestinationsareinRIB(RoutingInformationBase).Thebestroutestothedestinations
are choosed and stored in the Routing Table. Then the values in the Routing Table, are copied to the
FIB(ForwardingInformationBase).LabelsforallthedestinationsarestoredintheLIB(LabelInformation
Base).AndLFIB(LabelForwardingInformationBase)tableisfilledwiththebestroutesslabelvalues.

BelowyoucanseethesummaryofthesetablessjobandyoucanalsoseehowtoreachthistablesonAlcatel
Lucentservicerouters.

RIB(RoutingInformationBase):Allroutestothealldestinations

RoutingTable:Bestroutestothedestination

A:>#showrouteroutetable

FIB(ForwardingInformationBase):Copyofroutingtable.

A:>#showrouterfib1

LIB(LabelInformationBase):Alllabelstoalldestinations

A:>#showrouterldpbindings

LFIB(LabelForwardingInformationBase):Labelstothebestroutestothedestinations

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A:>#showrouterldpbindingsactive

ThedefaultMPLSimplementationonALUrouters

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7/5/2016 MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2|www.ipcisco.com

Downstreamunsolicitedlabeldistributionmode:LabelsaredistributedtoallLDPpeerswithactiveLDP
sessions(notlikeonDemand,whichsendonlyrequesteddownstream).

Orderedcontrolmode:LDProutergenerateanddistributelabelsforonlyitsownprefixes.Ifitisegress,the
assignalabelbindinggtoaFEC.(notlikeindependantlabeldistributioncontrolmode,whichdoesnotwaitfor
alabelfromitsdownstreamrouterandassignalocalbindingtoaFEC).

Liberallabelretention:keepalllabelsreceivedformallpeers,onlyonelabelusedasactiveforagivenIP
prefix(notlikeconservativelabelretention,whichkeepsonlylabelsthatwillbeused).

Here, maybe the above definitions seem complex. But I wrote this with its opposite to recall these MPLS
features.BecauseIthinkasme,youarealsoconfusedonthistermusually:)

LDPLabelWithdrawalandReleasemessages

If an LDP router realized a failure, it send a Withdrawal Message to notify the peers and remove the
binding.Whenthereceivingroutergetsthismessage,itsendaReleaseMessagetothesendingnode.

Thecauseofthisfailurescanbe,interfacefailures,MTUchanges,missconfigurationoralabelclearcommand
likeclearrouterldpinstance.

LDPauthentication

LDP sessions are established over TCP transport layer. Against the spoofed TCP segments MD5
authenticationisused.

A:>configrouterldp
peerparameters
peer2.2.2.2
authenticationkey"xyz"
exit
exit

MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart1
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart3(ConfigurationonALU)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart4(ECMP)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart5(ExportandImportPolicy,PrefixAggregation)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart6(TLDP)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart7(CRLDP)

FormoreinformationaboutLDP,TLDPandCRLDP,checktherelatedfollowingRFCs

RFC5036:LDPSpecification
RFC3815:DefinitionsofManagedObjectsfortheMPLS,LDP
RFC3478:GracefulRestartMechanismforLabelDistributionProtocol
RFC5443:LDPIGPSynchronization
RFC7307:LDPExtensionsforMultiTopology
RFC7361:LDPExtensionsforOptimizedMACAddressWithdrawalinaHVPLS
RFC3212:ConstraintBasedLSPSetupusingLDP
RFC3213:ApplicabilityStatementforCRLDP
RFC3214:LSPModificationUsingCRLDP

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7/5/2016 MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2|www.ipcisco.com

AbouttheAuthor
GokhanKosemisatelecommunationandnetworkengineer.Hisambitionto
IP networks and endtoend system installation made him to prepare this
website. By sharing his experiences about various networking protocols
beside different system installation experiences and Cisco, Juniper, Alcatel
Lucentdevicesconfigurations,heisaimedtobehelpfulforhiscolleguesin
allovertheworld.HeiscurrentlylivesinIstanbul,Turkey.

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