EN13480-3 Chap12 Modifications

EN 13480-3 ed.
2012
ROHR2 User Meeting 2007
Metallic industrial piping
Part 3: Design and calculation
12 Flexibility analysis and acceptance criteria
Review of problems and open questions:
Alternative Stress equations for ii and io

Axial force
Corrosion allowances
Sectional modulus
Factor Ec/Eh gives strange results for cryo-piping
including solution proposals
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EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Stress Equations
Problem:
Chap.12 describes stress equations and
appendix H1 describes the stress
intensification factors (similar to
FDBR/ASMEB31.1 CODETI)

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Alternative Equations
Problem:
Appendix H3 describes alternative stress
equations (similar to ASME B31.3), but no
equations is given in chapter 12

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Alternative Equations , Solution
Include Stress equations for alternative SIF:

or alternatively using the stress intensification factor from table H3:
(
2
)( )
2
iQA Q x (0,75iM
i
2
iA ) +(0,75ioMoA )
2
i t M tA
1 '= + + f f
Ac Zc Zc
where
M is the in-plane moment from the sustained mechanical loads
iA
M is the out-of-plane moment from the sustained mechanical loads

oA
M is the torsional moment from the sustained mechanical loads

tA
it is the stress intensification factor for torsional moments. Unless more

precise information is available i = 1.0 t
Same modifications for the other equations:

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Alternative Equations , Solution for Range
Include Stress equations for alternating loads:
(
2
)( )
2
iQC Q xC (0,75iM
i
2
iC ) +(0,75i oM oC )
2
i t MtC
3 '= + + f a
A Z Z
iQC is the stress intensification factor for axial forces for alternating loads.
Unless more precise information is available i = 1.0 QC
As in ASME B31.3: use nominal thickness for Z for secondary loads.

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Alternative Equations , Range with pressure
stiffness
in cases where the stress intensification factor is load case dependant (e.g.
pressure stiffening of bends), the stress range is the maximum difference
between all pairs (j,k) of thermal expansion or alternating load cases
calculated in the following way:
(( ))
2
)(
2
iQj Q xCj iQk Q xCk (iijMiCjiikMiCk ) +(iojMoCjiokMoCk )
2 2
i M i M
3 '=max + + tj tCj tk tCk f a
A Z Z j=1, N ,k =1, N
(Basically replace moment rang by calculation stress range directly over all
load case combinations)

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Alternative Equations
Similar as in ASME B31.3 2014 we introduce SIF's for axial force and
torsional moment which are set to 1.0. This allows replacing the factors with
more precise data if available:
(( ))
2
)(
2
iQj Q xCjiQk Q xCk (iijMiCjiikMiCk ) +(iojMoCjiokMoCk )
2 2
i M i M
3 '=max + + tj tCj tk tCk f a
A Z Z j=1, N ,k =1, N
iQL is the stress intensification factor for axial forces in the load case L.
Unless more precise information is available i = 1.0 QL
itL is the stress intensification factor for torsional moments in the load
case L. Unless more precise information is available i = 1.0 tL

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Axial force
Problem:
The stress equations in chap.12 do not consider axial force
(other than that due to internal pressure):
pc do 0.75iM A
1= + f f
4 ec Zc
The stress analysis cannot be used where axial force from other sources is
relevant:
- buried pipes
- axial restrained pipes
- pipes for supporting structures (e.g. in water boilers etc)

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Axial force, Solution
Include axial force into stress equations:
Q x 0.75iMA
1=iQA + f f
Ac Zc
where:
Q x =MAX
(
p c d2o
4
+Q xA ,Q xA )
Q xS is the axial force from the sustained mechanical loads
d i is the inner diameter of the corroded pipe
Ac is the cross section of the pipe (reduced by the corrosion allowances)
iQA is the stress intensification factor for axial forces for sustained loads.
Unless more precise information is available i = 1.0 QA

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Axial force, Solution Alternative Equations
Include axial force into alternative stress equations:
(
2
)( )
2
iQA Q x (0,75iM
i
2
iA ) +(0,75ioMoA )
2
iM
1 '= + + t tA f f
Ac Zc Zc
where:
Q x =MAX
4 (
p c d2o
+Q xA ,Q xA )

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Axial force
For occasional loads
iQA Q x 0.75iMA +0.75iMB
2= + kf f
Ac Zc
Axial force must include:

- Pressure effect (acting or not)
- Sustained loads QxA (acting all the time)
- Occasional loads QxB (acting or not, reversing or not)
for reversing loads : Q x =MAX

p c d2o
4 (
+Q xA +QB,Q xA+QB
)
non reversing: Q x =MAX
4 (
p c d2o

+Q xA ,Q xA,
pc d 2o
4 )
+Q xA +QB ,Q xA +QB

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Problem:
The internal pressure design considers corrosion and erosion but
stress equations in chap.12 is not clear about it:
First look: Manufacturing tolerance + Corrosion allowance does not need to be

considered
Second look: Normal manufacturing tolerance does not need to be considered.
So what about corrosion?

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
How it is done in other codes:
FDBR: Calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

calculation of SIF using nominal thickness
calculation of stresses using corroded thickness
Codeti: Calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

calculation of SIF using corroded thickness
calculation of stresses using corroded thickness
ASME B31.3: calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

calculation of SIF using nominal thickness
calculation of primary stresses using corroded thickness
calculation of secondary stresses using nominal thickness
EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Solution:
Define calculation thickness ec
Define nominal sectional modulus:
4 4
do di
Z=
32 do
and corroded sectional modulus:

4 4
do (do 2 ec )
Zc=
32 do
Use nominal thickness for forces, moments and stiffness

Use corroded sectional modulus for stress analysis

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
In order to avoid confusion about corroded or non corroded thickness in

calculation of sectional modulus, all sectional modulus are calculated using
the thick wall formula in 12.3.1
4 4
d d
Z= o i
32 do
4 4
d (do 2 ec )
Zc = o
32 do
The stress intensification
factors are corrected so that
the thick-wall formula
can be used everywhere.
No need to have Z in table H1-H3
any more.
EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Sectional Modulus and Stress Intensification
Problem:
Appendix H1 gives SIF and sectional
modulus Z. But for Tees Z is modified
for the branch.
So for the run:
0.75iM A
1=Slp+
Z run
and for the branch
0.75iMA
1=Slp+ 2
/ 4 dm,b MIN(en ,i en ,b )
1=Slp+MAX
( 0.75MA
/4 d
2
m, b
,
0.75iMA
2
en,b /4 dm , b en )
EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Problem:
for branches with big wall thickness
0.75iMA
1=Slp+ 2
/ 4 dm ,b en
with constant outer diameter:
2
dm,b =do ,b en,b
this leads to higher stresses for bigger wall thickness en ,b

0.75iMA
1=Slp+ 2
/ 4(do ,ben ,b )en

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Stress verification for the branch is done at two sections:
At the branch itself without

SIF
In the shell of the run at

the average diameter of the
branch including SIF en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Stresses calculated at the branch

as function of branch wall thickness
(OD constant)
en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Stresses calculated at the run shell

as function of branch wall thickness
(OD constant)
en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Code stresses calculated as function

of branch wall thickness
(OD constant)
en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Stresses in the shell should

not increase with
wall thickness of the branch.
Calculate stresses
at outside diameter
not average diameter
of the branch
en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
When using outside diameter, stresses remain constant

when increasing branch wall in the area where
stresses are maximum in the run of the header
en ,b

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
New SIF must like old one but multiplied by

ratio of Zexact(average diameter)
and Zthin(outer diameter)
Z exact (en,b , dm , b )
inew=iold
Zthin (en ,dm ,b +en, b )
4 4 en ,b
0,9 (dm ,b +en, b ) (dm,b en ,b )
inew= 2/3
h 8 en(dm ,b +en ,b )3

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Add same corrections to table H3
Previously
nothing was
specified
about Z.
This is not needed

in new version
as Z is defined
in chapter 12
exclusively

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
For other components where calculation was based on thin wall formula we need
to change the SIF by the ratio
Z exact (en,b , dm ,b )
Zexact(average diameter) and inew=iold
Z thin (en , dm ,b )
Zthin(average diameter).
This does not change the results.

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Minor corrections:
Remove bad page brake in table H2 (SIF of Tee was below heading of Y-piece):

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Minor corrections:
New version
at new location
with new SIF and
without Z.
This does not change

the results.

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Summary:
Define sectional modules once and for all in chapter 12 based on thick wall formula
advantages:
- allows to remove Z from tables H1-H3
- allows to integrate Z and Zcorroded (for equations 1-6)
- all stress intensifications now are directly visible in SIF and not hidden in different
section modulus
- clarification of Z for table H3
- remove inverse effect of wall thickness of branch

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Problem:
The allowable stress for Stress Range is defined as:
For cryo piping where hot condition is assembly temperature the cold
condition is -200C the thermal expansion is already calculated based on Ec but
the allowable stresses are again reduced by Eh/Ec.

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Solution:
Change the definition of Ec in the equation (12.1.3.1)
Eh
f a=U(1.25f c +0.25 f h )
Ec
E c is the value of the modulus of elasticity at the minimum metal temperature

consistent with the loading under consideration. In cases where operation
conditions with temperatures below assembly temperature exist, E may be c
taken as the modulus of elasticity at assembly temperature .

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends at high pressure ?
The current code limits the use of mitre bends to 20 bar :
6.3.1 ...Time independent design stress:

the calculation pressure pc is less or equal to 20 bar (2,0 MPa );
This limitation is not given in other stress codes (FDBR, ASME

B31.3). Is this limit required to prevent non-conservative designs
or are the provisions for maximum pressure calculation
(6.3.4 and 6.3.5) sufficient? e.g:
pa =
2 f zea
( ea
Dm ea +0.643 tan 0,5 Dm ea )
EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends at high pressure ?

What reasons for the limitation:
1) Internal pressure design formula?

2) Longitudinal stresses (SIF)
FE- Series Analysis (16900 Bends)

- 1-5 Segments
- 19*DN : 300-3200
- 17*s : 2-40mm
- 7* Internal pressure
(for pressure stiffening)

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends Internal Pressure design ?
1) Internal pressure design formula:
pa =
2 f zea
( ea
Dm ea +0.643 tan 0,5 Dm ea )
Stresses are proportional to pressure!
Stresses from FE Analysis are proportional with pressure unless
internal pressure stiffening is considered.

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends Internal Pressure design ?
Pressure stiffening : design formulas are more conservative at

higher pressure than FE-Analysis!

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends Longitudinal Stresses ?
SIF is less conservative at higher pressure for very thin walled bends.
(But these are rejected in the internal pressure design at higher pressure)

EN 13480-3 ed.2012
Mitre Bends at high pressure Yes!
Conclusion:
There is not systematic limitation in the stress code which make

the design process invalid above 20 bars.
The limitation:
6.3.1 ...Time independent design stress:

the calculation pressure pc is less or equal
to 20 bar (2,0 MPa );
can be removed

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EN 13480-3 ed.

12 Flexibility analysis and acceptance criteria

Review of problems and open questions:

Alternative Stress equations for ii and io

including solution proposals

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

Include Stress equations for alternative SIF:

M is the out-of-plane moment from the sustained mechanical loads

M is the torsional moment from the sustained mechanical loads

it is the stress intensification factor for torsional moments. Unless more

Same modifications for the other equations:

Include Stress equations for alternating loads:

As in ASME B31.3: use nominal thickness for Z for secondary loads.

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

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Axial force must include:

for reversing loads : Q x =MAX

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

First look: Manufacturing tolerance + Corrosion allowance does not need to be

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

How it is done in other codes:

FDBR: Calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

Codeti: Calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

ASME B31.3: calculation of stiffness using nominal thickness

and corroded sectional modulus:

Use nominal thickness for forces, moments and stiffness

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

In order to avoid confusion about corroded or non corroded thickness in

this leads to higher stresses for bigger wall thickness en ,b

SIGMA Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH - www.rohr2.de www.rohr2.com

Stress verification for the branch is done at two sections:

At the branch itself without

In the shell of the run at

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Stresses calculated at the branch

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Stresses calculated at the run shell

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Code stresses calculated as function

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Stresses in the shell should

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When using outside diameter, stresses remain constant

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New SIF must like old one but multiplied by

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This is not needed

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This does not change

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