Understanding Manual and Auto Scheduling: Lynda 3: Creating Tasks
Understanding Manual and Auto Scheduling: Lynda 3: Creating Tasks
Project has two task modes for scheduling tasks. When you set the task mode to Auto schedule, the
program automatically calculates when the task should occur and how long it should take. With
Manually scheduled mode you can fill in whatever task information you have, set the tasks start and
finish dates and a few other nifty tricks. In this schedule Identify Requirements and Draft Budget are
both auto scheduled tasks. I can see that by the icon in the Task mode cell.
Well with Auto schedule tasks Project uses the task durations and the link between the tasks to figure
out the start and finish dates. So for example, the 25 days determines the finish date, based on the
start date for identify requirements. And then, because of the link, Draft Budget has a start date right
after the finish of Identify Requirements and its duration determines its finish date. In addition, if a
change the duration of Identify Requirements, let's say to 20 days, you can see thar Project
recalculates the finish date for that task, because of the new duration and it also recalculates the
dates for the next task, Draft Budget because of the link.
With Auto Scheduled tasks Project uses task values, the links, and resource assignments to figure out
those start and finish dates. We'll explore how each of these components affect scheduling throughout
this course. Now Manually Scheduled tasks are kind of like do-it-yourself scheduling, but they actually
come in handy for several reasons. The first one is if you don't have all the information you need
about a task. So let's say, you have a new task, review requirements with management, and literally
that's all you know.
Well in that case, we can insert a Manually Scheduled task. So I'm going to click ID 5 because I want
the new task to come in above that and then I go and I insert a new task and I can just type the
name of the task, when I press the Down arrow, you can see a couple of things. First of all the Task
mode cell has a pushpin with a question mark. Well, the pushpin says it's manually scheduled and the
question mark says, that there's more information you are going to have to fill in before this task is
done.
And you can see that the Duration, Start and Finish are all empty. Well let's say, you have to talk to
your manager about when this meeting is going to happen. So you can type yourself a note. Just put
it in the Start field. So now the note is there and you can remind yourself what you have to do. Well
let's say, some time has passed and your manager gets back to you and says that the meeting is
going to be September 5. Well, you can go back to the Start cell, type in September 5 and you can
see that a cap appears in the timescale to say that well, at least you have a start date, but that's still
all you have.
With Manually Scheduled tasks you can actually pin both dates to the calendar. So for example, if you
have things like scheduled meetings or maybe training classes that have specific dates, you can type
both dates in the Start and Finish field. So let's say, this meeting is going to be a two-day meeting, so
we'll type September 6 into the Finish cell. Well now, a couple of things happen. First of all because
there's a Start and Finish date, Project knows how long the task is, so it fills in the duration of two
days.
You can also see that the taskbar has two end caps because you've got both dates and the question
mark is gone from the pushpin because now you've provided all the information you have to; there's a
third reason you might want to use Manually Scheduled tasks and that's if you're fairly new to
scheduling and you just don't have time to master all of Project's other scheduling features, you can
just come in create a quick task list, fill in a few estimated dates and you've got a schedule you can
work with.
Auto Scheduled task simplify your work as a project manager because Project handles calculating
when tasks should occur. But Manually Scheduled tasks are great, when you don't have complete task
information yet, you want to set specific task dates, or you just want to blast out a quick and dirty
schedule.
Creating a Manually Scheduled task is fairly straightforward. Set the Task mode to Manually
Scheduled, name the task and fill in the information you have. Task bars for Manually Scheduled tasks
change their appearance to indicate which values you've entered. In this project, it's set up so that
new tasks are set as manually scheduled. So all we have to do is create a new task. In this case, I'm
going to name it Pack office. Now you can see I've got a Task mode indicator with a pushpin so it's
manually scheduled and the question mark says, there is information that you still have to fill in.
Let's say, it starts on July 15, so I type that date in and now you can see the end cap is in the
timescale. Well let's say your colleague Marco is going to estimate the duration so you can write
yourself a note, put that in the Duration field. Well, the taskbar doesn't change, because you've just
written yourself a note. But few days later when Marco gets back to you and says, that it's going to be
two weeks, you can go and select the Duration cell, type in the two weeks and now you've got a two
week long taskbar in the timescale.
You can also see that it shows a dark cap the end because you got a Start and a Finish date. By giving
the task a Start date and a Duration, Project can figure out when it's going to finish. One of the things
because it is a manually scheduled task, the taskbar is teal if it were Auto Scheduled it would be a
blue color. The other thing is the question mark goes away, because now you have all three fields. Well
there's another look for manually scheduled tasks and that's when a task has a duration but no dates.
So let's create another new task and in this case I'm going to type 3d in the Duration cell and that's
for three days and you can see there is a task bar and it is three days long, but the ends are kind of
blurred out and that's the sign that there are no dates assigned to this task. What Project does to put
it in the timescale is basically, it starts it at the Project start date so that's July 7th. With manually
scheduled tasks, you can fill in partial or complete information.
It's easy to see whether you need to provide more info for a task by looking at the Task mode
indicator and the taskbar.
Creating an Auto Scheduled task is simple. You set the task mode if necessary, name the task and fill
in a few values. So let's create a new task in this schedule. Click a blank cell, type the task name,
Move to new office. Well let's set up as Manually Scheduled, so I click the Task mode cell, click the
down arrow and choose Auto Scheduled. You can see the easy indicator changes. Now we've got a
task bar in the timescale.
You might wonder how Project figures out where to put the task in the timescale. Well, this task is
actually a sub task under the walk-through and repair summary task, so it uses the start date of the
summary task. You'll also notice that the Duration cell is filled in with one day with a question mark.
Well that's Project's way of telling you that it put an estimated duration and you need to put in your
estimate for how long the task is going to take. So just click the cell, type in your estimated duration
and press Enter and you can see that the question mark goes away.
In addition, because we've changed it to five days, the taskbar now shows 5 days. If you are going to
set up a project that's auto scheduled, you don't have to change every single task. Just go down to
the status bar and click the NEW TASKS entry and then choose Auto Scheduled; that means all new
tasks will come in automatically as auto scheduled. So for example, let's say I insert a new task, I
right-click this task, and then, choose Insert Task on a shortcut menu.
Now you can see the new task comes in and sure enough the Task mode is Auto Scheduled. You'll see
auto scheduled tasks really shine after you link them with other tasks and assign resources to them.
A Project can have both Manually Scheduled and Auto Scheduled tasks. You can tell Project which
mode you want to use for new tasks at any time. You can also switch the task mode for existing tasks.
To change the task mode for new tasks on-the-fly, head down to the status bar. You can see here, new
tasks are set up to be manually scheduled. If I can click that and choose Auto Scheduled and now new
task will come Auto Scheduled. So for example, I'll create a new task and you can see that it has the
Auto Scheduled icon in the Task mode column.
Well there's another way to change this setting for new tasks and that's in the Project Options dialog
box. So go to the FILE tab and click Options then go to the Schedule category. We'll scroll down a little
bit to the scheduling options for this Project section, you can see new tasks created and its set to Auto
Scheduled, which is the same as what's in the status bar. The advantage to changing the setting here
is that you can choose to apply it only to the active project or to all new projects.
To do that click the down arrow in the heading. In this case, if you choose the project name its just
the active project or you choose All New Projects and it will set new task to be created in that task
mode for every new project you create. Now I'll click OK to close the Project Options dialog box. Now
the other thing you can do is you can change the mode of a task once it exists. In this view, we have
the entry table and it has the Task mode column.
But for the schedule table and the summary table also have a Task mode column so you can change it
in any one of those or you can insert the Task mode column in any table you want, but to change the
mode just click the cell, click the down arrow and choose the mode that you want. So go ahead and
set the mode that you typically use. After that you can switch modes whenever you need to for one
task or all new tasks.
A milestone is a great way to show a key point in a project. A chunk of work completed, a decision
made, or even better, a customer approval the triggers a payment. Milestones are incredibly easy to
create in Project. You can create as many as you want, because they don't have any duration, they
won't affect your project schedule. So to create a new milestone, select where you want to put it in
the schedule. In this case, I want to put it right above Choose new location. So I click that cell and
then on the TASK tab, go to the Insert section and click Milestone.
The Project inserts a new milestone and you can see the duration is set to 0 days, you can see there is
a diamond in the timescale and that's the indication it's a milestone. We're going to type a new name,
Requirements approved. Well it doesn't have a date, so we want to link this to the task that shows
that this milestone has been achieved. Well, that's reviewing the requirements with management. So
in this case you select both and then on the TASK tab in Schedule section, click Link the Selected
Tasks; and now you can see that the milestone occurs after the meeting with management.
Projects Milestone command makes creating milestones quick and easy. Create as many as you need
to help track the progress you've made on your project.
A recurring task is work that occurs on a regular schedule. In Project you can set up a recurring task
by giving project the basic info about the frequency and other settings. The program then creates the
individual occurrences and a summary task to hold them all. In this case, we're going to add a
recurring task right before the Design Space task. So I scroll down and select the Design space task
and then on the Task tab I click the bottom half of the Task button in the Insert section.
On the dropdown menu choose Recurring Task. The Recurring Task Information dialog box opens and
the first thing you do is name the task. So let's say, it's a Project review. You can see the Duration is
set by default to one 1 day; that's the duration of a single occurrence. So in this case, it's a review
meeting so I'll change that to 2 hours. The next section Recurrence pattern basically tells Project when
this task is going to reoccur.
Now one thing to keep in mind is that you want to keep recurring tasks to a minimum, and one of the
reasons is it makes it really hard for Project to level resource assignments when you have recurring
tasks. So if you have something that recurs really frequently, like on a daily basis, instead of doing a
recurring task you might actually be better off just including that time in your regular work tasks, just
add the time for those daily reviews into the tasks for the work you do everyday.
But in this case, we're going to do a Monthly project review. So it will be fine. Well if you do a daily
recurrence pattern, you can tell it how many days you want to do every say four days or if you do
Weekly, you can tell it which days of the week may be a Monday and a Wednesday and we'll do it
every two weeks, or for our monthly project review, choose the Monthly option. And in that case you
can tell it which day of the month, such as the tenth, or you can set it to be something like The
Second Wednesday.
If you are going to do a quarterly meeting you could actually change this to every three months, but
we're going to do this monthly. So we'll leave it at 1. Yearly is very similar to monthly. Now the next
section, Range of recurrence, that's when it starts and when it finishes. Well you can see it starts here
at the project start date, which is perfect, and it actually ends by the project End date. So in this case,
I'll leave it just the way it is. But the other option is you can choose a different date if you want or you
can tell Project that you want a certain number of occurrences.
In that case you select the End after option and tell it how many times you want it to happen. So then
I click OK and Project adds all the individual occurrences, as well as the summary task to hold them.
So you can see the individual occurrences have day constraints because they're set for specific days.
You can also see that the summary task has this indicator two arrows pointing at each other and that
means that's a recurring task. And if you point at that indicator, it tells you how many times it occurs
and the start and finish.
Well, if you don't want to see rows for all the subtasks you can click this black triangle and collapse
the summary task, and over in the timescale, you can see little tiny task bars for each of the Project
review occurrences. If I click the white triangle to expand the summary task, now I can see all the
individual occurrences; and over in the Timescale, you can see them in the summary task, and you
can also see the ones for the individual occurrences. One thing to keep in mind is that the dates don't
change automatically if your project gets longer.
Well, let's say that the project was delayed. Project is not going to automatically extend this recurring
task to include additional occurrences. So you would have to create a new task for the additional
occurrences. Creating a recurring task is an easy way to set up several individual tasks that recur on a
regular schedule.
Many project team members use Outlook and Word. So you probably get task information from them
in emails and Word documents. Project and these Office programs play well together, so you can easily
copy and paste task information into Project. Well take a look at this task list that's in Word; it's set up
so that the summary tasks are out-dented an they are in bold. The work tasks are indented and they
are just in regular text. There are couple of milestones that have gray background shading.
Well, it's really easy to copy and paste these from Word into Project. To do that just select the tasks
and then on the Home tab in the Clipboard section click Copy. Well now these tasks are on the
clipboard. So we can switchover to Project and I've got this project that I want to copy these tasks
into. I click the first blank task cell. Now on the Task tab, in its Clipboard section, click Paste, and you
can see the task just flow into the blank cells in this project.
Sure enough the work tasks are indented, they are in regular text and those summary tasks are still in
bold and they are summary tasks. So you can see we can click the black triangle to collapse or the
white triangle to expand; and the milestones they don't actually come over as milestones with zero
days because we didn't have any duration in the task list, but they have the gray background shading
so you know they're milestones. Copying task information from other Office programs like Office and
Word is a great way to get task info from team members.
They can use the programs they have and you can copy and paste what they send into Project.
Summary tasks are great for organizing work tasks for a project. They can represent phases of work
or tasks performed by a particular group. In Project you can create a summary task for several
existing tasks or create a new summary task with its own new subtask. Let's say you want to organize
some existing work tasks. For example, you can just drag over the Task Name cells to select the tasks,
like these four, and then on the Task tab in the Insert section click Summary.
You can see the Project adds a new summary task and makes those four selected tasks sub tasks.
Well this is ready for me to type a new task name. So I'll type that name, Document requirements.
When I press Enter there is a black bracket that shows the duration of all the subtasks. That's one of
the things about summary tasks, the duration of the summary task is the duration of the sequence of
subtasks. Well with the summary task, if I wanted to collapse it, so I don't see the subtasks, just click
the black triangle and the subtasks disappear.
If I want to see them again, click the white triangle and they reappear. Now if I change the duration of
Identify requirements let's say to 20 days, you can see that the duration of the summary task reduces
to 41 days, because it still reflects the duration of the sequence of subtasks. Now you can also add
manually scheduled summary tasks. These come in really handy if somebody tells you how long you
have to get some work done and you want to see whether you have enough time to get it done.
So in this case, select these tasks and insert a Summary Task. I'll call this one Eval lease, and initially
the Duration for that summary task is set to the sequence of subtasks, but you can change the
duration of this manually scheduled summary task. So let's say your manager gave you 45 days. Type
45d in, you'll see a couple of things. Well the black bracket shows the amount of time that you've
typed in the Duration field, that's the 45 days.
But this teal bracket shows the duration of the subtasks and what you can see is there is a gap
between the two and that tells you, you actually have a little bit more time than you need. On the
other hand, what if you got 35 days? We'll type 35d in the cell. Now the black bracket shows this 35
days but the other taskbar still shows the duration of the subtasks 37.5 days, and because that bar is
longer than what you got, it turns red to show you that you don't have enough time.
You can also insert a brand-new summary task. So let's say you have some new work you need to add
to the project. In this case, I'll select the first blank cell in the Task Name column and then insert a
summary task by clicking Summary. Well you can see Project inserts a New Summary Task and one
new Subtask, but it's all ready for me to type the task name. So I type the name and press Enter and
it selects the Task Name cell for this subtask, so I can just continue on and type the name for that
task, call this one Get improvement estimates.
I press Enter again and it goes to the next blank cell so now I can type a name for the next subtask,
maybe Identify other costs. And basically I can just keep doing that to add as many subtasks as I
need for this new summary task. Summary Tasks make it manageable to plan and track work you're
doing and what you've accomplished. Project makes it easy to create summary tasks to organize your
work.
You'll often need to look at summary tasks in order to see what's going on in your project. Sometimes
you may want to see certain levels of tasks. For instance, you might want to see just the lowest level
tasks to assign resources to work tasks or to check progress. In Project you can display and hide
summary tasks or show summary tasks down to a specific level of the task outline. Well to hide or
display summary tasks, all you have to go in a Gantt chart view is go to the Format tab.
And you can see in the Show/Hide section that the Summary Tasks checkbox is turned on, and you
can see the summary tasks. Well if you just want to see work tasks turnoff checkbox and all the
summary tasks go away. So these are all the work tasks that have resources assigned. You'll want to
see the Summary Tasks again, turn the checkbox back on and the summary tasks come back. Well
there's also the Project Summary Task checkbox, so turn that one on, and you see that a new row
appears at the top of the table and it has task ID 0, that's a special task that shows the information
for the entire project and you can see that it's got a Task Name for a project and it shows the Duration
of the project and the Start and Finish date, and if you display another table, you can see other
information.
So in this case I'll apply the Work table, and you can see that the total work hours for this project is
1856 hours. You can also choose how many levels of the outline you want to see. So for example, let's
say you are going to do an executive meeting and you really only want to show the first three levels.
To do that go to the View tab and click Outline and choose Level 3 and now you can see Summary
Tasks there at the third level. You can't see their subtasks, because they are lower than Level 3.
If you want to go back to seeing all subtasks click Outline again and choose All Subtasks. Now the
ones that were hidden come back. If you want to collapse a Summary Task, click the black triangle to
the left of its task name and it hides all the subtasks, and you can see the triangle changes to white.
So then if you want to expand it just click that white triangle and everything below comes back.
Showing and hiding Summary Tasks is something you do often, and it's as easy as turning a checkbox
on or off
As you build and manage your project, you'll probably end up reorganizing the tasks in your task list.
You can change their outline levels, move them to a different summary task or delete tasks you don't
need. If you have similar work in different portions of a project, you can copy tasks too. Well changing
the Outline level depends really on where our task is in the outline. For example, Identify costs is a
summary task; then it has a subtask, Identify additional costs.
Well if I select the Identify additional costs and then on the TASK tab click the Outdent Task button, it
pushes that task higher in the outline and you can see now it's at the same level as Identify costs, so
Identify costs is no longer a summary task. If I decide that I want Identify costs to be part of the
Choose new location summary task, I can then indent that one. So I go up to the Task tab and click
the Indent Task button, and now Identify costs is part of the Choose new location summary task.
You can also move tasks to another location in the project. For example, let's look at the Prep phone
system task. It turns out, that really needs to be down under Set up services. Well the first thing I am
going to do is I'll click the white triangle so I can see all of the subtasks and then I am going to select
the tasks, the summary task and its sub tasks, and now you can see that the pointer changes to a
four-headed arrow and that tells me I can drag these tasks somewhere else in the project.
So that's what I do, I start to drag down and you can see this horizontal gray line tells me where
Project is going to drop these tasks when I let go of the mouse button. So once I get underneath the
Set up services, I let go of the mouse button and the Prep phone system summary task and its
subtasks show up under Set up services. You can also copy tasks from one place in the project to
another. Let's go back up to the top, and in this case I am going to click the Task Name cell for Review
requirements with management.
It turns out, because I just selected the Task Name cell. If I go up to the Clipboard and click Copy, all
it's going to copy is the Task Name, but that's not what I want. I want to copy this entire task. So to
do that, I click the Task ID cell and then click Copy. Now I am going to go down to the very bottom of
the project. I click the Task ID cell for the first blank row and in the Clipboard section click Paste, and
sure enough, there is the copy of the task and it has all of the values.
Well in this case it's no longer Review requirements, so I am going to edit that name, maybe it's
reviewing the project. So now I have a copied task with a new name but it still has the other values
and I can change any of those if I want. The other thing you can do is delete tasks. Well if you have a
regular task, not a summary task, the easiest thing to do is to click the Task ID cell and then press
Delete on the keyboard and the task goes away.
Well what about deleting a summary task? If I click the ID cell for Post-Move, which is a summary
task, and then press the Delete key, this dialog box pops up and it asks me and it says, well do you
want to continue and delete Post-Move and its subtasks or do you not want to delete any tasks. Well
all I want to delete is that summary task, not its subtasks, so I'll click Cancel. And the solution here is
to move the subtasks to the same level as Post-Move.
So I select them all, go back up to the Task tab and click Outdent. And now that they're all the same
level Post-Move is now a regular task not a summary task. That means I can click the Task ID cell and
press the Delete key, but I want to show you one other thing about delete. Let me select the Task
Name cell instead. Now when I press the Delete key, you can see that the Task Name goes away but
this X indicator shows up, and that tells me I have a couple of options.
So I click the down arrow and I can see two options. Well Delete the task name is selected because, I
mean that makes sense. I selected the Task Name cell, so maybe I want to delete the task name and
type a new one. But in this case I really want to Delete the task, so I just select that option and the
task goes way. Project has plenty of tools for organizing your task list. You can use them anytime you
want during planning or once the project gets underway.
A Work Breakdown Structure, also called a WBS, is the Project management term for a hierarchy of
tasks. By breaking tasks down in this way, project work is easy to assign, track and manage. To
uniquely identify each task in your project, you'll need WBS codes. Well if you look at this view, you'll
see the Task ID column. Well these numbers, the task IDs, are not a WBS, because if you move tasks
around, those task IDs change and you really want WBS codes, for the most part you want them to
stay the same.
So the easiest thing to do is to insert a WBS field into a table. So I right-click the Task Name heading
and choose Insert Column and then type WBS. Click the WBS field and now the codes are in this table.
Well this shows you that Project actually has a WBS numbering scheme behind the scenes and it's just
numbers at every level. So Planning Move is at the top level, so it has a number of 1 and you can see
down here Construct and set up space has a number of 2, because it's another top-level task.
On the other hand, Draft budget is actually three levels down, so it has a code of 1.1.2. Well if this
numbering scheme works for you, that's great, because you're done. You don't have to do anything
else with the WBS codes. But you can also customize WBS codes to fit what your organization uses. To
do that, on the Project tab, click WBS and then choose Define Code. Well this dialog box lets you
define the numbering scheme for your WBS codes.
The first box that you can fill in is the Project Code Prefix. Basically that comes in handy if you're
going to have multiple projects in one master project, and you need a prefix to uniquely identify each
project in this big master project, even if all the WBS codes in each project are the same. So just to
see how this works I'll type in a prefix and we'll make it Ofc1 for the office move and put a hyphen (-)
as a separator. Well now the next section is a Code mask and that's where you really get into defining
your scheme.
So the first thing you do is click the first Sequence cell and click the down arrow, and you have a
couple of options. The first one is Ordered Numbers and that just means numbers that come in
sequence. You can also do Ordered Uppercase Letters, which means uppercase A to Z, or Lowercase
ordered numbers so that's lowercase a to z. Then the last one is Characters (unordered). That means
you can mix numbers and letters, but Project is not going to put them into sequence, so you are going
to have to type those values.
Those are really good for abbreviating phases, for example PLN for planning. So at the top we're going
to choose Characters (unordered). Now the next thing is the Length. Project fills in Any and that
means that level can be any length long. But WBS codes should be on the short side, so we'll this
length to 3. Now that means it can actually go from one to three characters. The separator is a Period
(.) and that's actually a pretty nice separator to use, but you can also use a Hyphen (-) a Plus (+) sign
or a Slash (/) if you want, but we'll stick with the Period (.).
Now in the second Sequence cell, we'll choose Ordered Numbers, and we'll change the Length to 3
again. In this case, with this Length of 3, Project will actually increment the numbers, but it's going to
go from one to the maximum length you can get in three, so it's to 1 to 999 and then it would actually
re-cycle again, but 999 should be plenty. The third level, we're going to choose Uppercase Letters
(ordered) and we'll change the Length to 3 and the last level we'll make Lowercase (ordered) and we'll
make that 2.
There are two checkboxes that you want to look at. They are both turned on and that's really what
you want. The first one, Generate WBS code for new task; that means if you add a task to your
project, Project will automatically assign a WBS code to it. And since you want every task to have one
of these codes, you really want that checkbox on. The second one is Verify uniqueness of new WBS
codes. Well you want the codes to be unique, so what this will do is if you create a new task with a
new code, it will check and make sure it's not a duplicate.
If it is a duplicate, it will warn you so you can fix it. The other thing to notice up at the top there is a
Code preview, so you can actually see what your code is going to look like. And if it isn't what you
want, then just make the changes that you need. So now we are ready to click OK. When I do that,
you can see that the new code mask shows up in the WBS column. Well because we used those
unordered characters, we just have to do one other thing and that's to type some values in for those
top levels.
So Planning Move is a top level task, so click the WBS cell and I'll type Pln for the planning phase, and
when I press Enter you can see that it fills in for all the tasks that are in the planning phase. The next
one is Construct and set up space, that's another top level task. So in this one it's construction, so I'll
type Con and press Enter, and you can see that Project substitutes the Con in all of those tasks. Now
let's say you end up assigning the WBS codes, but then you do a lot of work on your schedule and you
move a lot of tasks around and things get out of order.
Well if you haven't used the codes for anything, for example like naming documents that go with the
tasks, you can renumber the WBS codes in Project. To do that, on the Project tab, click the WBS down
arrow and in this case, choose Renumber. The Entire project option is selected and so we can leave it
that way. If I had Selected tasks, then the other option would be selected and you could just
renumber just those selected tasks. But in this case we'll renumber the Entire project.
It asks you to confirm, so click Yes and then it will go through and renumber everything. WBS codes
uniquely identify each task in your project. Project comes with a basic numbering scheme in place, but
you can set up your own to match what your organization uses.