Second Division G.R. No. 202079, June 10, 2013: Brion, J.

G.R. No.
202079
SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 202079, June 10, 2013
FIL-ESTATE GOLF AND DEVELOPMENT, INC. AND FIL-
ESTATE LAND, INC., PETITIONERS, VS. VERTEX SALES AND
TRADING, INC., RESPONDENT.
DECISION
BRION, J.:
Before the Court is the petition for review on certiorari[1]
under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, filed by petitioners Fil-
Estate Golf and Development, Inc. (FEGDI) and Fil-Estate
Land, Inc. (FELI), assailing the decision[2] dated February 22,
2012 and the resolution[3] dated May 31, 2012 of the Court of
Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CV No. 89296. The assailed CA
rulings reversed the decision dated March 1, 2007 of the
Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Pasig City, Branch 161, in Civil
Case No. 68791.[4]
THE FACTS
FEGDI is a stock corporation whose primary

business is the development of golf courses.
FELI is also a stock corporation, but is engaged
in real estate development. FEGDI was the
developer of the Forest Hills Golf and Country
Club (Forest Hills) and, in consideration for its
financing support and construction efforts, was
issued several shares of stock of Forest Hills.
Sometime in August 1997, FEGDI sold, on

installment, to RS Asuncion Construction
Corporation (RSACC) one Class C Common
Share of Forest Hills for P1,100,000.00. Prior to
the full payment of the purchase price, RSACC
sold, on February 11, 1999,[5] the Class C
Common Share to respondent Vertex Sales and
Trading, Inc. (Vertex). RSACC advised FEGDI of
the sale to Vertex and FEGDI, in turn,
instructed Forest Hills to recognize Vertex as a
shareholder. For this reason, Vertex enjoyed
membership privileges in Forest Hills.
Despite Vertexs full payment, the share

remained in the name of FEGDI. Seventeen (17)
months after the sale (or on July 28, 2000),
Vertex wrote FEDGI a letter demanding the
issuance of a stock certificate in its name. FELI
replied, initially requested Vertex to first pay
the necessary fees for the transfer. Although
Vertex complied with the request, no certificate
was issued. This prompted Vertex to make a
final demand on March 17, 2001. As the
demand went unheeded, Vertex filed on January
7, 2002 a Complaint for Rescission with
Damages and Attachment against FEGDI, FELI
and Forest Hills. It averred that the petitioners
defaulted in their obligation as sellers when
they failed and refused to issue the stock
certificate covering the subject share despite
repeated demands. On the basis of its rights
under Article 1191 of the Civil Code, Vertex
prayed for the rescission of the sale and
demanded the reimbursement of the amount it
paid (or P1,100,000.00), plus interest. During
the pendency of the rescission action (or on
January 23, 2002), a certificate of stock was
issued in Vertexs name, but Vertex refused to
accept it.
RULING OF THE RTC
The RTC dismissed the complaint for

insufficiency of evidence. It ruled that delay in
the issuance of stock certificates does not
warrant rescission of the contract as this
constituted a mere casual or slight breach. It
also observed that notwithstanding the delay in
the issuance of the stock certificate, the sale
had already been consummated; the issuance of
the stock certificate is just a collateral matter to
the sale and the stock certificate is not essential
to the creation of the relation of
shareholder.[6]
RULING OF THE CA
Vertex appealed the dismissal of its

complaint. In its decision, the CA
reversed the RTC and rescinded the
sale of the share. Citing Section 63 of
the Corporation Code, the CA held
that there can be no valid transfer of
shares where there is no delivery of
the stock certificate. It considered the
prolonged issuance of the stock
certificate a substantial breach that
served as basis for Vertex to rescind
the sale.[7] The CA ordered the
petitioners to return the amounts
paid by Vertex by reason of the sale.
THE PARTIES ARGUMENTS
FEGDI and FELI filed the present

petition for review on certiorari to
assail the CA rulings. They contend
that the CA erred when it reversed
the RTCs dismissal of Vertexs
complaint, declaring that the delay in
the issuance of a stock certificate
constituted as substantial breach that
warranted a rescission.
FEGDI argued that the delay cannot
be considered a substantial breach
because Vertex was unequivocally
recognized as a shareholder of Forest
Hills. In fact, Vertexs nominees
became members of Forest Hills and
fully enjoyed and utilized all its
facilities. It added that RSACC also
used its shareholder rights and
eventually sold its share to Vertex
despite the absence of a stock
certificate. In light of these
circumstances, delay in the issuance
of a stock certificate cannot be
considered a substantial breach.
For its part, FELI stated that it is not

a party to the contract sought to be
rescinded. It argued that it was just
recklessly dragged into the action due
to a mistake committed by FEGDIs
staff on two instances. The first was
when their counsel used the
letterhead of FELI instead of FEGDI
in its reply-letter to Vertex; the
second was when they used the
receipt of FELI for receipt of the
documentary stamp tax paid by
Vertex.
In its comment to the petition,[8]

Vertex alleged that the fulfillment of
its obligation to pay the purchase
price called into action the
petitioners reciprocal obligation to
deliver the stock certificate. Since
there was delay in the issuance of a
certificate for more than three years,
then it should be considered a
substantial breach warranting the
rescission of the sale. Vertex further
alleged that its use and enjoyment of
Forest Hills facilities cannot be
considered delivery and transfer of
ownership.
THE ISSUE
Given the parties arguments,

the sole issue for the Court to
resolve is whether the delay
in the issuance of a stock
certificate can be
considered a substantial
breach as to warrant
rescission of the contract
of sale.
THE COURTS RULING
The petition lacks merit.
Physical delivery is
necessary to
transfer ownership of
stocks
The factual backdrop of this

case is similar to that of
Raquel-Santos v. Court of
Appeals,[9] where the Court
held that in a sale of shares
of stock, physical delivery
of a stock certificate is one
of the essential requisites
for the transfer of
ownership of the stocks
purchased.
In that case, Trans-Phil

Marine Ent., Inc. (Trans-Phil)
and Roland Garcia bought
Piltel shares from Finvest
Securities Co., Inc. (Finvest
Securities) in February 1997.
Since Finvest Securities failed
to deliver the stock
certificates, Trans-Phil and
Garcia filed an action first for
specific performance, which
was later on amended to an
action for rescission. The
Court ruled that Finvest
Securities failure to deliver
the shares of stock
constituted substantial breach
of their contract which gave
rise to a right on the part of
Trans-Phil and Garcia to
rescind the sale.
Section 63 of the Corporation
Code provides:
SEC. 63. Certificate of stock
and transfer of shares. The
capital stock of stock
corporations shall be divided
into shares for which
certificates signed by the
president or vice-president,
countersigned by the
secretary or assistant
secretary, and sealed with the
seal of the corporation shall
be issued in accordance with
the by-laws. Shares of stock
so issued are personal
property and may be
transferred by delivery of
the certificate or
certificates indorsed by the
owner or his attorney-in-
fact or other person legally
authorized to make the
transfer. No transfer,
however, shall be valid, except
as between the parties, until
the transfer is recorded in the
books of the corporation
showing the names of the
parties to the transaction, the
date of the transfer, the
number of the certificate or
certificates and the number of
shares transferred.
No shares of stock against

which the corporation holds
any unpaid claim shall be
transferable in the books of
the corporation.
In this case, Vertex fully

paid the purchase price by
February 11, 1999 but the
stock certificate was only
delivered on January 23,
2002 after Vertex filed an
action for rescission against
FEGDI.
Under these facts, considered

in relation to the governing
law, FEGDI clearly failed to
deliver the stock certificates,
representing the shares of
stock purchased by Vertex,
within a reasonable time from
the point the shares should
have been delivered. This was
a substantial breach of their
contract that entitles Vertex
the right to rescind the sale
under Article 1191 of the Civil
Code. It is not entirely correct
to say that a sale had already
been consummated as Vertex
already enjoyed the rights a
shareholder can exercise. The
enjoyment of these rights
cannot suffice where the law,
by its express terms, requires
a specific form to transfer
ownership.
Mutual restitution is
required in cases involving
rescission under Article 1191
of the Civil Code; such
restitution is necessary to
bring back the parties to their
original situation prior to the
inception of the contract.[10]
Accordingly, the amount paid
to FEGDI by reason of the sale
should be returned to Vertex.
On the amount of damages,
the CA is correct in not
awarding damages since
Vertex failed to prove by
sufficient evidence that it
suffered actual damage due to
the delay in the issuance of
the certificate of stock.
Regarding the involvement of

FELI in this case, no privity of
contract exists between
Vertex and FELI. As a
general rule, a contract is a
meeting of minds between
two persons. The Civil Code
upholds the spirit over the
form; thus, it deems an
agreement to exist, provided
the essential requisites are
present. A contract is upheld
as long as there is proof of
consent, subject matter and
cause. Moreover, it is
generally obligatory in
whatever form it may have
been entered into. From the
moment there is a meeting of
minds between the parties,
[the contract] is perfected."[11]
In the sale of the Class "C"

Common Share, the parties
are only FEGDI, as seller, and
Vertex, as buyer. As can be
seen from the records, FELl
was only dragged into the
action when its staff used the
wrong letterhead in replying
to Vertex and issued the
wrong receipt for the payment
of transfer taxes. Thus FELl
should be absolved from any
liability.
WHEREFORE, we hereby
DENY the petition. The
decision dated February 22,
2012 and the resolution dated
May 31, 2012 of the Court of
Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No.
89296 are AFFIRMED with
the MODIFICATION that Fil-
Estate Land, Inc. is
ABSOLVED from any liability.
SO ORDERED.
Del Castillo, Perez, Perlas-

Bernabe, and Leonen,** JJ.,
concur.
*
In lieu of Associate Justice
Antonio T. Carpio per Special
Order No. 1460 dated May 29,
2013.
**
Designated as Acting
Member in lieu of Associate
Justice Antonio T. Carpio per
Special Order No. 1461 dated
May 29, 2013.
[1]
Rollo, pp. 9-35.
[2]
Id. at 43-53; penned by
Justice Isaias P. Dicdican, and
concurred in by Justices Jane
Aurora C. Lantion and Ramon
A. Cruz.
[3]
Id. at 55-56.
[4]
Id. at 202-208; penned by
Presiding Judge Nicanor A.
Manalo, Jr.
[6]
Id. at 207.
[7]
Id. at 51.
[8]
Id. at 350-372.
[9]
G.R. Nos. 174986, 175071
and 181415, July 7, 2009, 592
SCRA 169, 197-198.
[10]
Laperal v. Solid Homes,
Inc., 499 Phil. 367, 378
(2005.)
[11]
Sta. Clara Homeowners'
Association v. Sps. Gaston,
425 Phil. 221, 235-236 (2002);
citations omitted.
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Second Division G.R. No. 202079, June 10, 2013: Brion, J.

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G.R. No.

FEGDI is a stock corporation whose primary

Sometime in August 1997, FEGDI sold, on

Despite Vertexs full payment, the share

The RTC dismissed the complaint for

Vertex appealed the dismissal of its

FEGDI and FELI filed the present

For its part, FELI stated that it is not

In its comment to the petition,[8]

Given the parties arguments,

The petition lacks merit.

The factual backdrop of this

In that case, Trans-Phil

No shares of stock against

In this case, Vertex fully

Under these facts, considered

Regarding the involvement of

In the sale of the Class "C"

Del Castillo, Perez, Perlas-

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