East Africa University

Faculty of Business Administration

HTML
Academic year: 2015-2016
FEB- 2016

1
 East Africa University
Faculty of Business Administration
Course Outline of HTML

Academic Year: 2nd 2015/2016

Unit 1: Introduction to WEB

1. History of web
2. W3C and W3C members
3. Why WHATWG
4. Web terminology
5. Advantages of web application
Unit 2: HTML Basics
1. HTML Introduction
2. Building a first html document
3. Structure of the web documents
4. HTML Tags and Elements
5. History of html

Unit 3: Formatting the page

1. Text formatting
2. Heading styles
3. Fonts formatting
4. Paragraphs formatting
5. Colors
6. Marquee

Unit 4: Creating lists and tables /hyperlinks

1. List and types of list
2. Creating Tables
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 3. Creating links and common types of
hyperlinks
Unit 5: Working with images and using audio and
video
- Inserting images to your html files
- Inserting audio and sound formats
- Inserting video and video formats
Unit 6 Creating forms and frames
o Creating forms and form elements and
attributes
o Working with Frames
Unit 7 Introduction to HTML5
o Html 4 draw backs
o Why html5 and new features
o Power of html5 and common terms in html5
o Html 5 syntax, formatting , new elements
o Html5 canvas ,SVG, Drag/drop and
Geolocation
o Html5 media and multimedia video tags
,audio tags
o Html5 input types and new attributes for
<form>
o Html 5 semantic, web storage , web workers
,SSE events and Math ml
Unit 8 Real live website (HTMLBARO.COM)
o Purchasing a domain(Website name)
o Purchase domain Space hosting (Memory)
o Uploading site to the internet
o Haw to upload files and edit your website by
online

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References
Html5&css Develop with tomorrow brain p.hogan
Html5 for web designers jeremy kieth
Websites
1. www.whatwg.org
2. www.webcamtoy.com
3. www.html5rocks.com
4. www.html5demos.com
5. www.w3shools.com

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 Introduction to Web
History of the Web

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, about

20 years after the first connection was established over what is
today known as the Internet. At the time, Tim was a software
engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near
Geneva, Switzerland

By 1991, people outside of CERN joined the new Web

community. Very important to the growth of the Web, CERN
announced in April 1993 that the World Wide Web technology
would be available for anyone to use on a royalty-free basis.
Since that time, the Web has changed the world.

In 1994, Tim berners founded the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C) as a place for stakeholders to reach
consensus around the specification and guidelines to ensure
that the Web works for everyone and that it evolves in a
responsible manner. W3C standards have enabled a single
World Wide Web of information and people, and an increasingly-
rich set of capabilities: Web 2.0 (personal and dynamic), Web
3.0 (a semantic Web of linked data), Web services, voice
access, mobile access, accessibility for people with disabilities
and for people speaking many languages, richer graphics and
video, etc

1.2 W3C and W3C members

Membership in W3C is open to all types of organizations

(including commercial, educational and governmental entities)
and individuals. Any entity that can sign the Membership
Agreement can become a Member. Members may be either for-
profit or not-for-profit organizations,World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) contains 3000 members as the fallowing
:IBM Microsoft corporation
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American online apple mozelle foundation oracle corporation

Adobe micromedia sun micro system Redhat and etc

1.3 Why WHATWG

The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group

(WHATWG) is a community of people interested Maintaining and
evolving HTML and related technologies. The WHATWG was
founded by individuals from Apple, the Mozilla Foundation and
Opera Software in 2004

Web terminology

A computer is an electronic device that is programmed

to accept data (input), process it into useful information
(output), and store it for future use (storage).
Network collection hardware and software resources
between two or more devices
Internet : international network connected with tcp/ip
communication protocols
Web site is collection e-pages globally exchange
information example: www.bbc.co.uk/somali

Web page is one page on web example inbox, send item

Web browser is: a software which is installed user machine

ex: Mozilla ,opera chrome

Protocols are: provides same set of rules to create the

communication between browser and server example :http,
Tcp /ip, FTP

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used in order to have

communication betweenn client (browser) and server

TCP connection two network system

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 IP connection between two computer networking

Port no :unique number given every server

Socket :browser uses socket to establish connection to server

Request and response

Request: - containing information that is sent from client to

website

Response: - contains information that is sent to client from

server

URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of address that is

unique to each resource on the Web example: www.test.com

Web host: company provider hosting your website like

Web master: person who designers and manages web sites
Html is used to create and design static web application

Advantages of web sites

The web applications are executed on the Internet and

have a number of advantages to them. The web based
applications have come a long way from the desk top
applications. The advantages of the web applications have
made a number of users move from the desktop
applications to the web applications:

Cheaper and Much More Flexible Than Print

Advertising
The Internet is extremely different from print
advertising in that space is cheap
Market Expansion
The Internet has allowed businesses to break through
the geographical barriers and become accessible,
virtually, from any country in the world by a potential
customer that has Internet access.
No Installation and/or Maintenance
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Unlike the desktop applications, the web applications do not
have to be installed, as they run on a web server. The time and
trouble required for installing software are also done away with.
At the same, since the web servers are used
Multiple Platforms
The beauty of the web applications is that they work on
multiple platforms. Most of the applications work on different
Internet browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
They are often also compatible with most of the computer
operating systems. Immaterial of the browser or the operating
system.

UNIT 2: HTML BASICS

1. HTML Introduction
2. Building a first html document
3. Structure of the web documents
4. History of HTML
1- HTML Introduction
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the most widely
used language on Web. Technically, HTML is not a
programming language, but rather a markup language.
Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML
documents) are linked together. When you click a link in a
Web page, you are using hypertext.Markup Language
describes how HTML works. With a markup language, you
simply "markup" a text document with tags that tell a Web
browser how to structure it to display.
Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining
the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists,
and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information
between researchers.
Pre - Requirement

You should be familiar with:

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 Basic word processing using any text editor.
How to create directories and files.
How to navigate through different directories.
Basic understanding on internet browsing using a browser
like Internet Explorer or Firefox etc.
BUILDING A FIRST HTML DOCUMENT

- Write HTML Using Notepad or Text Edit/notepad++

HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like:

Adobe Dreamweaver

Microsoft Expression Web

Coffee Cup HTML Editor

However, for learning HTML we recommend a text editor like Notepad (PC)

or Text Edit (Mac).

We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the 4 steps below to create your first web page with Notepad.

Step 1: Open Notepad

To open Notepad in Windows 7 or earlier:

Click Start (bottom left on your screen). Click All Programs. Click Accessories

. Click Notepad.

To open Notepad in Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen).

Type Notepad.

Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy some HTML into Notepad.

Example 9
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer.

Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.

You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up
to you.

Step 4: View HTML Page in Your Browser

Double-click your saved HTML file, and the result will look much like this:

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STRUCTURE OF HTML FILES TAGS
<HTML> and </HTML> tags

<HEAD>, </HEAD>, <TITLE>, </TITLE>,

<BODY> and </BODY> tags

1- <HTML> and </HTML> tags

First we need to learn how to set things up properly in an HTML document

<HTML> is the beginning tag and </HTML> is the ending tag.

The forward slash before the tag (</ >)

Thus <HTML> tells the browser that what follows is an HTML document an

</HTML> tells the browser that the HTML document is completed.

2- <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags

Each web page must have the HEAD tag that give
information to a person visiting your website

3 <TITLE> and </TITLE> tags

One of the statements that must be included between the

<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags is the TITLE of your web page.

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 The TITLE of your web page must occur between the
<TITLE> and </TITLE> tags and you are only allowed one
TITLE element per page

Note: In general, the title should be short

4 <BODY> and </BODY> tags

It contains all the text and tags. It is the part that will be
displayed on the browser screen. Thus the BODY element
contains the actual contents of the document.

HTML BASIC TAGS

<BR>
<BR> tells your browser to go to the beginning of the next line

. BR stands for line Break. <BR> acts in the same way as the ENTER key

on your keyboard.

<P>
<P> for Paragraph tells your browser to insert a blank or empty line and th
begin a new line

(a new paragraph).

<HR>
<HR> puts a line across the page. HR stands for Horizontal Rule.

Example

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>WEB PAGE DESIGN - BASIC TAGS</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<p> ICS. Courses<p> <BR>
<p> html for web programming </p>.<HR>
<p> programming languages like c ,c++</p><br>
address <BR>

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<B>behinds of Gools <B/>
</BODY>
</HTML>

HEADER TAGS

Headings are controlled by HEADER tags. HEADER tags

are logical tags and used extensively in HTML
documents to display headings

There are only six HEADER tags and they range from H1 to H6.
H1 produces the largest size heading and is called the "level 1 heading"
H6 produces the smallest size heading and is called the "level 6 heading

EXAMPLE :

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>HEADING LEVELS</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<H1>THIS IS H1.</H1> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.
<H2>THIS IS H2.</H2> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.
<H3>THIS IS H3.</H3> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.
<H4>THIS IS H4.</H4> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.
<H5>THIS IS H5.</H5> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.
<H6>THIS IS H6.</H6> THIS IS NORMAL SIZE.<HR>
</BODY>
</HTML>

CENTERING TEXT TAXT TAGS

The center command is: ALIGN="CENTER"

And must be used in conjunction with a HEADER tag or

the PARAGRAPH tag

LIKE:<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">a heading goes here</H2>

or

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<P ALIGN="CENTER">a paragraph or block of text goes
here</P>
HTML Comment Tag

Comments are non-executable statements or ignore

statements. Every language or Script they have their
own comments. It is possible to include comments in a
source HTML document that do not appear when seen
through a browser

An HTML comment begins with "<!--", ends with "-->"

and does not contain "--" or ">" anywhere in the
comment.

Example:

<!-----This comment will not appear in the browser----->

HTML Tags and Elements and attributes :

HTML language is a markup language and we use many tags to

markup text. In the above example you have seen <html>,
<body> etc. are called HTML tags or HTML elements.

Every tag consists of a tag name, all placed between opening

and closing brackets (< and >). More complicated tags contain
one or more attributes , which specify or modify the behavior
of the tag.

According to the HTML standard, tag and attribute names are

not case-sensitive. There's no difference in effect between <head>,

<Head>, <HEAD>, or even <HeaD>; they are all equivalent .

Unit 3: HTML Formatting Elements

1. Text formatting
2. Heading styles
3. Fonts formatting
4. Paragraphs formatting
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 5. Color
6. Marquee

Html tags you type in your text To get large print, centered text,
text,

Text in italics and etc, Formatting elements were designed to

Display special types of text:

Bold text

Italic text

Emphasized text

Marked text

Small text

Deleted text

Inserted text

Subscripts

Superscripts

HTML Bold and Strong Formatting

The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any
extra importance.

Example:

<p>This text is normal.</p>

<p><b>This text is bold</b>.</p>

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The HTML <strong> element defines strong text, with
added semantic "strong" importance. Example:

<p>This text is normal.</p>

<p><strong>This text is strong</strong>.</p>

HTML Italic and Emphasized Formatting

The HTML <i> element defines italic text.

Example:

<p>This text is normal.</p>

<p><i>This text is italic</i>.</p>

The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text,
with added semantic importance.

Example:

<p>This text is normal.</p>

<p><em>This text is emphasized</em>.</p>

Note: Browsers display <strong> as <b>, and <em> as <i>.

HTML Small Formatting
The HTML <small> element defines small text:

Example:

<h2>HTML <small>Small</small> Formatting</h2>

HTML Marked Formatting
The HTML <mark> element defines marked or
highlighted text:
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Example:

<h2>HTML <mark>Marked</mark> Formatting</h2>

HTML Deleted Formatting

The HTML <del> element defines deleted (removed)

of text.

Example:

<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>

HTML Inserted Formatting

The HTML <ins> element defines inserted (added)

text.

Example:

<p>My favorite <ins>color</ins> is red.</p>

HTML Subscript Formatting
The HTML <sub> element defines subscripted text.

Example:

<p>This is _subscripted text.</p>

HTML Superscript Formatting

The HTML <sup> element defines superscripted text.

Example
<p>This is ^{superscripted} text.</p>

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HTML Text Fonts

The font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML

element:

EXAMPLE

<Html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

-HTML Text Size

The font-size property defines the text size to be used
for an HTML element:

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-size:300%">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%">This is a paragraph.</p> </body>
</html>

HTML Text Alignment

The text-align property defines the horizontal text
alignment for an HTML element
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center">Centered
Heading</h1>
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 <p>This is a paragraph.</p></body>
</html>

Preserve Formatting - The <pre> Element:

If we specify the text in pre tag, the browser will consider the
line breaks (Return / Enter keys) and spaces specified in the
text editor (notepad). Pre is a container tag.

Syntax: <pre>---------------</pre>

Example:
<html>
<title>
Pre formated Tag
</title>
<head>
<b><h1 align="center">I am Learning Web Language
HTML</b></h1>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
Text in a pre-element is displayed
in a fixed-width font,
and it preserves both spaces and
line breaks
</pre> </body> </html>

HTML Styles
Every HTML element has a default style (background color is white, text color
is black, text-size is 12px ...)

Changing the default style of an HTML element, can be done with the style
attribute.

This example changes the default background color from white to lightgrey:

<body style="background-color:lightgrey">
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<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
HTML Text Color
The color property defines the text color to be used for an HTML
element:

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="color:blue">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Font color

COLOR: sets the font's color as color name or hexadecimal value.

HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for the
combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB).

The lowest value that can be given to one of the RGB is 0 (hex 00). The highest
value is 255 (hex FF).

Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

<BODY BGCOLOR = "#00FF00" TEXT = "DARKBLUE">

<HR COLOR = "BLUE">

<FONT COLOR = "#0000FF">

Note that HTML does not have separate tag for setting colors. Colors come as
attributes of some tags, such as <BODY>,
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HTML supports 16.88 million unique color definitions.

The following table shows some more examples of creating a color:

Value Color Value Color

00FF00 Green 0000FF Blue
FFFFFF White 000000 Black
FFFF00 Yellow FF00FF Magenta
00FFFF Cyan 808080 Gray

RGB Colors
RGB color values are supported in all browsers.

An RGB color value is specified with: rgb(red, green, blue).

Each parameter (red, green, and blue) defines the intensity of the color as an
integer between 0 and 255.

For example, rgb(0, 0, 255) is rendered as blue, because the blue parameter is
set to its highest value (255) and the others are set to 0.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<style>

div { background-color: rgb(0, 191, 255);

color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

padding: 20px;

}</style>

<body><div><h1>bosaso is the capital city of bari r.</h1>

</div> </body></html>
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Summary
HTML Text Formatting Elements
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small
Defines smaller text
>
<stron
Defines important text
g>
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<mark Defines marked/highlighted
> text
<font size="3" color="red">This is some text!</font>
<font size="2" color="blue">This is some text!</font>
<font face="verdana" color="green">This is some
text!</font>

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 HTML <marquee> Tag
The HTML <marquee> tag is used for scrolling piece of text or image

displayed either Horizontally across or vertically down your web site page

Syntax

A simple syntax to use HTML <marquee> tag is as follows:

<marquee attribute_name="attribute_value"....more attributes>

One or more lines or text message or image

</marquee>

Example

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>

</head>

<body>

<marquee>This is basic example of marquee</marquee>

<marquee direction="up">The direction of text will be from bottom to

top.</marquee>

</body>

</html>

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The <marquee> Tag Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes which can be used with <marquee> tag.
Attribute Description
This specifies the width of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20%
width
etc.
This specifies the height of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20%
height
etc.
This specifies the direction in which marquee should scroll. This can be
direction
value like up, down, left or right.
This specifies the type of scrolling of the marquee. This can have a value like
behavior
scroll, slide and alternate.
This specifies how long to delay between each jump. This will have a valu
scrolldelay
like 10 etc.

This specifies how many times to loop. The default value is INFINITE, which

loop means that the marquee loops endlessly.

bgcolor This specifies background color in terms of color name or color hex value.
This specifies horizontal space around the marquee. This can be a value lik
hspace
10 or 20% etc.
This specifies vertical space around the marquee. This can be a value like 10
vspace
or 20% etc.

Example 2

<html>
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<head>

<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>

</head>

<body>

<marquee width="50%">This example will take only 50% width</marquee>

</body> </html>

Example 3

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>

</head>

<body>

<marquee direction="right">This text will scroll from left to right</marquee>

</body> </html>

Example 4

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>

</head>

25
<body>

<marquee direction="up">This text will scroll from bottom to up</marquee>

</body>

</html>

Example 5

<html> <head>

<title>HTML marquee Tag all attributes </title>

</head> <body>

<marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left" scrollamount="1">Slow scroll

speed</marquee>

<marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left" scrollamount="10">Medium scroll

speed</marquee>

<marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left" scrollamount="20">Fast scroll

speed</marquee></body> </html>

26
UNIT 4: CREATING LISTS AND TABLES AND
HYPERLINKs

1. List and types of list

2. Creating Tables
3. Creating links and common types of
hyperlinks

CREATING LISTS

There are three fundamental types of lists

Unordered list: A list that defines a group of items that are

related to one another By bullets

Ordered list: A list that defines an order or a series of events.

Using numbers

Definition list: A list that defines glossary list, terms and its
definition.

Un-ordered Lists
The first, <UL> and </UL>, defines the beginning and end of
the entire list.

The second, <LI> and </LI> defines each item within the list.

<html>

<Head> <title> Un-ordered Lists</title> <head>

<Body>

<h1> list of student </h1>

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<Ul>

<li> asad Mohamed</li>

<li> faaduma ahmed</li>

<li> ibrahin ali</li>

<li> naima abd1</li>

</Ul>

</body>

</html>

Attributes of Un Ordered list:

Use of the type attribute in an unordered HTML list:

Value Description
disc Default. A filled circle
circle An unfilled circle
square A filled square
Example

<ul type="square">
<li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Milk</li>

</ul>

Ordered list tags and attributes :

The first, <OL> and </OL>, defines the beginning and end of
the entire list. The second, <LI> and </LI> defines each item
within the list.

<html>
28
<Head> <title> ordered Lists</title> <head>

<Body>

<h1> list of items </h1>

<ol>

<li> pen</li>

<li> book</li>

<li> pencil </li>

<li> mobile</li>

<li> computers </li>

</ol>

</body>

</html>

Attributes of Un Ordered list:

Use of the type attribute in an unordered HTML list:

Value Description
Specifies that the list order
Reversed
should be descending (9,8,7...)
Start(number) Specifies the start value of an
ordered
type Specifies the kind of marker to
use in the list
Example

An ordered list with uppercase roman numbers

29
<ol type="I">
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

30
Definition list

The first, <DL> and </DL>, defines the beginning and end of
the entire list.

The second, <DT> and </DT> defines each term within the list.

The third, <DD> and </DD> defines term's definition.

<html>

<Head> <title> Definition list </title> <head>

<Body>

<h1> list of terms </h1>

<Dl>

<dt> html</dt>

<dd> hyper text markup languages </dd>

<dt> php </dt>

<dd> personal home page </dd> </dl> </body> </html>

31
 CREATING TABLES
Tables are commonly used to create three-column and two-
column

newsletter layouts.

Tables also play an important role when it comes to a users

screen resolution

you will first learn about the table tags shown in the following
table:

Starting Tag Ending Tag Description

<TABLE> </TABLE> Defines the table.
<TR> </TR> Defines a new row.
<TD> </TD> Defines a new cell (column).
<TH> </TH> Defines a table header cell.
<CAPTION> </CAPTION> Defines a caption for the table
that can be placed to the left,
top, bottom, or right of the table.
<THEAD> </THEAD> Row grouping.
<TBODY> </TBODY> Row grouping.
<TFOOT> </TFOOT> Row grouping.
<COL> </COL> Column grouping.
<COLGROUP </COLGROUP Column grouping.
> >
EXAMPLE

<html>
32
<head>

<title>HTML Tables</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>

<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>

<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>

</tr>

</table> </body> </html>

Table Heading

Table heading can be defined using <th> tag. This tag will be
put to replace

<td> tag, which is used to represent actual data cell.

Normally you will put your top row as table heading

<html>

<head> 33
<title>HTML Table Header</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th>Salary</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Asad</td>

<td>5000</td>

</tr><tr>

<td>Hussein</td><td>7000</td></tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Cellpadding and Cellspacing Attributes

There are two attribiutes called cellpadding and cellspacing

which you will use

to adjust the white space in your table cells. The cellspacing

attribute defines the width of the border, while cellpadding
34
represents the distance between cell borders and the content
within a cell.

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML Table Cellpadding</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th>Salary</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Ramesh Raman</td>

<td>5000</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>

<td>7000</td>

</tr> 35
</table>

</body></html>

Colspan and Rowspan Attributes

You will use colspan attribute if you want to merge two or more
columns into a single column. Similar way you will use rowspan
if you want to merge two or more rows.

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML Table Colspan/Rowspan</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Column 1</th>

<th>Column 2</th>

<th>Column 3</th>

</tr>

<tr><td rowspan="2">Row 1 Cell 1</td><td>Row 1 Cell

2</td><td>Row 1 Cell 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>Row 2 Cell 2</td><td>Row 2 Cell 3</td></tr>

36
<tr><td colspan="3">Row 3 Cell 1</td></tr>

</table></body> </html>

Table Caption

The caption tag will serve as a title or explanation for the table

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML Table Caption</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1" width="100%">

<caption>This is the caption</caption>

<tr>

<td>row 1, column 1</td><td>row 1, columnn 2</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>row 2, column 1</td><td>row 2, columnn 2</td>

</tr>

</table></body>

</html>
37
38
Table Header, Body, and Footer

Tables can be divided into three portions: a header, a body, and

a foot.

The three elements for separating the head, body, and foot of a
table are:

<thead> - to create a separate table header.

<tbody> - to indicate the main body of the table.

<tfoot> - to create a separate table footer.

A table may contain several <tbody> elements to indicate

different pages or groups of data.

Example

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML Table</title>

</head>

<body>

<table border="1" width="100%">

<thead>

<tr>

<td colspan="4">this is the head of the table</td>

</tr>
39
</thead><tfoot>

<tr>

<td colspan="4">This is the foot of the table</td>

</tr>

</tfoot>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>Cell 1</td>

<td>Cell 2</td>

<td>Cell 3</td>

<td>Cell 4</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</body>

</html>

40
 CREATING HYPERLINKS

Hyperlinks allow visitors to navigate between Web sites

by clicking on words, phrases, and images. Thus you
can create hyperlinks using text or images available on
a webpage

Linking Documents

A link is specified using HTML tag <a>. This tag is

called anchor tag and anything between the opening
<a> tag and the closing </a> tag
Syntax
< A HREF="FIRST.HML" TARGET="-SELF">
MYPAGE</A>

<Html>
<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href="FIRST.PAGE" target="_self">MYPAGE</a>
</body>
</html>

41
 The target Attribute

This attribute is used to specify the location where linked document is

opened. Following are possible options:

Optio
Description
n

_blank Opens the linked document in a new window or tab.

_self Opens the linked document in the same frame.

_paren
Opens the linked document in the parent frame.
t

Opens the linked document in the full body of the

_top
window.

<html>

<head><title>Hyperlink Example</title>

</head> <body>

<p>Click any of the following links</p>

<a href="FIRST.HTML" target="_blank">Opens in New</a> |

<a href="SECOND.HTML" target="_self">Opens in Self</a> |

<a href="THID.HTML" target="_parent">Opens in Parent</a> |

<a href="FOUR.HTML" target="_top">Opens in

Body</a</body></html> 42
Linking to a Page Section
You can create a link to a particular section of a given webpage
by using name attribute.

This is a two step process.

First create a link to the place where you want to reach with-in
a webpage and name it using <a...> tag as follows:

<h1>HTML Text Links <a name="top"></a></h1>

Second step is to create a hyperlink to link the document and

place where you want to reach:

<a href="FIRST.HTML#top">Go to the Top</a>

This will produce following link, where you can click on the link
generated Go to the Top to reach to the top of the HTML Text
Link tutorial.

Setting Link Colors

You can set colors of your links, active links and visited links
using link, alink and vlink attributes of <body> tag.

Example

Save the following in test.htm and open it in any web browser

to see how link, alink and vlink attributes work.

<html>

<head>

<title>Hyperlink Example</title>

<base href="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/">

</head>

<body alink="#54A250" link="#040404" vlink="#F40633">

43
<p>Click following link</p>

<a href="index.htm" target="_blank" >HTML LINKS</a>

</body>

</html>

44
Image Links
We just need to use an image inside hyperlink at the place of
text

<Html>

<head>

<title>Hyperlink Example</title>

</head>

<body>

<p>Click following link</p>

<a href="FIRST.PAGE" target="_self">

<img src="logo.png" alt="HTMLCOURSE" border="0"/>

</a> </body> </html>

Link to another web site:

To link to another web site, for example East Africa University
web site:

<A HREF = "http://www.eastafricauniversity.net" TITLE = "Visit

EAU Web site" TARGET = "_blank">East Africa University official
web site</A>

Do not forget to precede the domain name for example,

www.example.com, with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
colon sign, and double forward slash (http://).

45
E-Mail Links:
Many sites include hyperlinks that will launch a users e-mail
application and create a new e-mail message. The new e-mail
message will be automatically addressed to the individual(s)
defined by the hyperlink.

An anchor tag for an e-mail address looks like the following:

<A HREF = "mailto:[email protected]?subject =

Inquiry">E-Mail Me</A>

The word mailto is a protocol that launches Outlook Express

program. The E-Mail Me text appears just like any other text-
based hyperlink.

At the bottom of each and every Web page, it is customary to

include at least one e-mail address. This is where users
typically look to find either the Webmasters e-mail address or
some type of support address to send questions or comments .

46
47
UNIT 5: WORKING WITH IMAGES AND USING
AUDIO AND VIDEO
1. Inserting images to your html files
2. Inserting audio and sound formats
3. Inserting video and video formats

INSERTING IMAGES
HTML Images Syntax
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have
a closing tag.

The src attribute defines the url (web address) of the image:

Example

<Html>
<HEAD> <TITLE> SAWIRR</TITLE></HEAD>
<body>
<h2>SAWIKAN EEG </h2>
<img src="ABC.jpeg" alt="SAWIR View"
style="width:304px;height:228px">
</body>

</html>

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternate text for the image, if it cannot
be displayed. 48
<Html>
<HEAD> <TITLE> SAWIRR</TITLE></HEAD>
<body>
<h2>SAWIKAN EEG </h2>
<img src="ABC.jpeg" alt="SAWIR View"
style="width:304px;height:228px">
</body> </html>

Definition and Usage

The border attribute specifies the width of the border
around an image.
Note: An image has no border by default.

<img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" border="5">

49
 MULTIMEDIA IN HTML

Audio on the Web

Before HTML5, there was no standard for playing audio files on a
web page.

Before HTML5, audio files could only be played with a plug-in (like
flash).

The HTML5 <audio> element specifies a standard way to embed

audio in a web page.

Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Safari support the
<audio> element.

Note: Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions, do not support the

<audio> element.

The HTML <audio> Element

To play an audio file in HTML, use the <audio> element:

<html>
<head>
<TITLE> vidoi</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> KU SOO DHAWAAW GABayGAN WACAN </h2>
<audio controls>
<source src="xaq.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
50
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio> </body> </HTML>
Note: HTML Audio - How It Works
The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and
volume.

Text between the <audio> and </audio> tags will display in browsers
that do not support the <audio> element.

HTML Audio - Media Types

File
Media
Forma
Type
t

audio/mp
MP3
eg
audio/og
Ogg
g
audio/wa
Wav
v

The HTML <video> Element

To show a video in HTML, use the <video> element:

<video width="320" height="240" controls>

<source src="1234.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

EXAMPLE
<html> 51
<head>
<TITLE> vidoi</title>
</head>
<body>
Gabaygan
<video width="320" height="240" controls>
<source src="1234.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video> </body> </HTML>

HTML Video - Media Types

File Media
Format Type

video/mp
MP4
4

video/web
WebM
m
video/og
Ogg
g

52
UNIT 6 CREATING FORMS AND FRAMES

1. Creating forms and form elements and

attributes
2. Working with Frames
What Are Form?

A form is made up of a collection of input controls. Each HTML document can

have zero, one, or many forms within its page.

Form controls are elements that allow the user to enter information such as text
fields, password fields, hidden buttons, radio buttons, checkboxes, text area
fields, drop-down menus, file uploads, buttons, submit button, image button,
reset button, etc.

You use <FORM> tag to enter form and it has closing tag
/FORM>.<FORM> tag attributes

Attribute Description

NAME Name of the form.

ACTION Tells the server which page to go to once the user

has clicked a submit button on the form.

METHOD Controls the way that information is sent to the

server.

Form Controls

Forms can contain a variety of controls. The various types of controls,

all derivatives of three tags (<INPUT>, <TEXTAREA>, and
<SELECT>). The following table shows form controls, their tag
syntax and descriptions:
53
Control Type Syntax Description

Text box <INPUT TYPE = Allows the user to enter one

"text"> line text.

Password <INPUT TYPE = Allows the user to enter text

"password"> but masks each character with
an asterisk "*".

Radio <INPUT TYPE = Allows users to choose a single

button "radio"> item from a group of items.

Checkbox <INPUT TYPE = Allows users to choose a single

"checkbox"> or multiple item/items from a
group of items.

Submit <INPUT TYPE = Creates a button that, when

button "submit"> activated, sends the form data
to the Web server.

Reset <INPUT TYPE = Clears all controls on the form

button "reset"> and sets them to the default
values.

Button <INPUT TYPE = Creates a user-defined button.

"button">

Hidden <INPUT TYPE = Same as textbox but it is

button "hidden"> hidden so user cannot control
it.

File <INPUT TYPE = 54Upload file to a web server

upload "file"> (attachment).

Image <INPUT TYPE = Image acts as submit button.

button "image">

Dropdow <SELECT SIZE = Allows users to pick from a

n "1"> list. If the SIZE attribute is
equal to 1 then the menu is a
Dropdown otherwise it is a List
box.

Textarea <TEXTAREA> Allows users to enter multi-line

text.

<INPUT> Tag

The <INPUT> tag is used to create a number of controls. You use the
TYPE attribute to specify the specific type of control. This attribute
and others are summarized in the following table:

Attribute Applies To Description

Sets the type of control. Default is

TYPE All
text.

NAME All Sets the name of the control. The

name of the control gets passed
along to the Web server to help
you identify the data. All radio
buttons within the form should be
55
 the same name.

text, For text, password, and hidden

password, controls it sets the initial value.
hidden, radio, For radio and checkbox it sets the
VALUE checkbox, value sent if control is selected.
submit, reset, For submit, reset, and button it
sets the caption of the control.
and button

Text and Sets the display width in

SIZE
password characters.

MAXLENGT Text and Sets the maximum number of

H password characters the user may enter.

Radio and Sets the default state of the

checkbox control. For radio, it will be
CHECKED
selected. For checkbox, it will be
checked.

Specifies image source and takes

SRC Image
image name plus extension.

Specifies width of the image in

WIDTH Image
pixels or percentage.

Specifies height of the image in

HIEGHT Image
pixels or percentage.

Study the following example: 56

<BODY>

<CENTER><B>Application Form</B></CENTER>

<FORM>

<B>Your Name: <INPUT TYPE = "TEXT" VALUE = "MOHAMED"><P>

Your Password:<INPUT TYPE = "PASSWORD"><P>

Gender: Male<INPUT TYPE = "RADIO" NAME = "A"

CHECKED>Female<INPUT TYPE = "RADIO" NAME = "A"><P>

Faculty: <INPUT TYPE = "CHECKBOX">Sharia <INPUT TYPE =

"CHECKBOX">BBA <INPUT TYPE = "CHECKBOX" CHECKED>BCS<P>

<INPUT TYPE = "RESET" VALUE = "CLEAR">

<INPUT TYPE = "SUBMIT" VALUE = "SEND">

</FORM>

</BODY>

The output of the code will be as follows:

57
<SELECT> Tag

HTML uses the <SELECT> tag to create both the dropdown

(combobox) control and the listbox control. What sets these two apart
is the value of the SIZE attribute.

Using the <SELECT> tag with the SIZE attribute of 1 will generate a
dropdown control. Using a SIZE attribute greater than 1 will generate
a listbox control.

Both the listbox and dropdown controls are useful in providing the
user with a long list of options to choose from. Dropdown controls
allow the user to select only one item from the list, while the listbox
controls can be configured to allow multiple selections.

The following table shows the attributes available for the <SELECT>
tag.

Attribute Description

NAME Sets the name of the control. The name of the control
gets passed along to the Web server to help you
identify the data.

SIZE Creates a dropdown control if set to 1. Creates a

listbox control if set to greater than 1. Values greater
than 1 set the number of elements the listbox will
show at one time.

MULTIPL If present, allows the user to select more than one

E item. Only valid if SIZE is greater than 1.

58
Between the opening and closing tags of <SELECT> there are one or many
<OPTION> tags. Each <OPTION> tag represents one item in the list. Between
the opening and closing <OPTION> tags is the string you wish to include as
that item and they will be ordered in the order they appear between the
<SELECT> tags.

To have an item default to being selected, include the SELECTED attribute

within the <OPTION> tag of that item.

<TEXTAREA> Tag

The text control created by the <INPUT> tag cannot accept carriage
returns because it is a single-line control. If you need to allow your users to
enter multi-line text-based data, like for a comments field or for shipping
instructions, you need to use the textarea control.

The <TEXTAREA> tag includes ROWS and COLS attribute to allow you to set
the width and height of the control. These attributes do not limit the number of
characters the user can enter; it simply defines how many characters the user
can see at one time. Between the opening and closing <TEXTAREA> tag,
include any content you would like to appear within the textarea control as a
default.

Here is an example of dropdown menu and Textarea:

<BODY>

<CENTER><B>Application Form</B></CENTER>

<FORM>

<B>Secondary school:

<SELECT> <OPTION>Omar Samatar<OPTION>Imam

Nawawi<OPTION>Hamdan<OPTION>Shafici<OPTION>Ibn Hajar

<OPTION>Najah<OPTION>Al-Waha
<OPTION>Qardho<OPTION>Baran<OPTION>Al-Furqan

</SELECT><BR>

59
Other comment: <BR><TEXTAREA ROWS = "15" COLS =
"20">Further information</TEXTAREA><BR><P><P>

<IPUT TYPE = "RESET" VALUE = "CLEAR"></B>

<INPUT TYPE = "SUBMIT" VALUE = "SEND">

</FORM>

</BODY>

The following is the output of the code:

60