Any Data Are Required and Not Given May Be Reasonably Assumed

This document contains an exam for a master's level power systems planning course. It includes 5 problems related to distribution system reliability and voltage sags. Problem 3 involves calculating reliability indices and energy not served for a distribution feeder connected through fuses or solidly. Problem 4 involves calculating the voltage sags a sensitive load would experience due to faults on different points of two feeders. Problem 5 involves writing short notes on voltage sag characterization, the effect of grounding on sags, damages from low reliability, and the Interrupted Energy Assessment Rate concept.

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Any Data Are Required and Not Given May Be Reasonably Assumed

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sdsds-54

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Cairo University Power System Planning

Faculty of Engineering Final Exam, June 2014

Electrical Power and Machines Department M. Sc. Program
Time Allowed 3 Hours
.Any Data are required and not given may be reasonably assumed

PART II

3. For A typical Dist. Feeder shown in Figure : 10 Km of 3-Phase 11 kV Main

Feeder. 4 three-phase laterals, evenly distributed on the main feeder. Each lateral 3
Km long. A total of 100 amperes load, 0.8 P.F. Lag. (4 customers x 25 amperes
/lateral. Referred to the H.V. Side). Consider the following interruption data:

Component Interr./Km /Year r Av. Outage Time Hrs.

Feeder (Main or Lateral ) 0.3 5
Transformer 0.5 30
If the laterals are connected to the main feeder:
A. through successfully operated fuses
B. Solidly connection or unsuccessfully operated fuses
Calculate and compare for both case :
i. Load points reliability indices.
ii. System reliability indices.
iii. Annual energy not distributed (consider LF=0.5)

Fig. of Problem 3
4. Consider the system in Figure. It consists of two feeders where faults can cause
sags for the sensitive load on the second feeder. The impedance of feeder and number
of faults per year are shown next to each section. If a symmetrical faults can occur
(one at a time) on the assigned points A, B, C and D on the feeder, calculate the
voltage sags the sensitive load is susceptible to and the frequency (recurrence) of each
sag per year.
.

Fig. of Problem 4

5. Write short notes to explain the following: (representative figures may be used if
necessary)
i. The magnitude and duration characterization for the voltage sag.
ii. The effect of the grounding inserted in the distribution transformer low voltage side
on voltage sag.
iii. " Actually Reliability is a Good Business " Explain damages for both utility and
customer as a result of low reliability.
iv. Explain the concept Interrupted Energy Assessment Rate IEAR and its role in
decision making for improving reliability.

Best Wishes