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Isentropic Efficiency II

The document provides information about steam entering and leaving an adiabatic turbine. It then uses this information to calculate (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the turbine, (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine, and (c) the increase in entropy. A similar process is done for carbon dioxide entering and leaving an adiabatic compressor, where the isentropic efficiency, power required, and change in entropy are calculated.

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rgopikrishna313
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49 views4 pages

Isentropic Efficiency II

The document provides information about steam entering and leaving an adiabatic turbine. It then uses this information to calculate (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the turbine, (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine, and (c) the increase in entropy. A similar process is done for carbon dioxide entering and leaving an adiabatic compressor, where the isentropic efficiency, power required, and change in entropy are calculated.

Uploaded by

rgopikrishna313
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 7 MPa, 600C, and 80 m/s and

leaves at 50 kPa, 150C, and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 6
MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam flowing through the
turbine (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine and(c) the increase in
entropy.

Sol:
P1=7 MPa, T1=600C, Ve1=80 m/s
P2=50 kPa, T2=150C, Ve2=140 m/s
W a 6 MW , m ?, T ?

(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2 z1 )


1
Q W a m
2
For adiabatic turbine, and negligible the change in potential energy
(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 )
1
W a m
2
W
T a
W s

State 1:

P1=7 MPa=7000 kPa, T1=600C, Ve1=80 m/s


At Psat= P1=7000 kPa, Tsat=285.83 C
Since T1> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h1=3650.6 kJ/kg, s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K

State 2:
P2=50 kPa, T2=150C, Ve2=140 m/s
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, Tsat=81.32 C
Since T2> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h2=2780.2 kJ/kg, s2=7.9413 kJ/kg.K

State 2s:
P2=50 kPa, s2s=s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, sg=7.5931 kJ/kg.K, sf=1.0912 kJ/kg.K
Since sf < s2s< sg, the steam is wet (liquid-vapor mixture)
s2s =sf +x2s (sfg)
7.091 = 1.0912 + x2s (6.5019), x2s =0.9227
h2s =hf+x2s (hfg)=340.54+0.9227(2304.7)=2467.08 kJ/kg
(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 )
1
W a m
2

(2780.2 - 3650.6) +
1
6 *1000 m (140 2 - 80 2 )
2000
m 6.946 kg/s

(h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 2 - Ve1 2 )


1
W s m
2

1 2
W s - m (h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 - Ve1 )
2

2
1
6.946 2467.08 3650.6 (1402 802 ) 8174.88 kW
2000

W 6000
T a 0.734
Ws 8174.88

s s2 s1 7.9413 7.091 0.8503 kJ / kg.K


Ex: Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at
a rate of 1.8 kg/s and exits at 600 kPa and 450 K. Neglecting the kinetic
energy changes, determine the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, the
power required and the change in entropy. Take k = 1.260 and Cp = 0.917
kJ/kg.K.

Sol:
P1=100 kPa, T1=300 K, m 1.8 kg / s
P2=600 kPa, T2=450 K
c ?, s s2 s1 ?

h2 s h1
c
h2 h1

T2 s T1
c
T2 T1

(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2 z1 )


1
Q W a m
2

For adiabatic compressor and neglecting the change in potential and kinetic
energies, we get:

W a m (h1 - h2 )
T
s s2 s1 s2 s2 s C p ln 2
T2 s
k 1
T2 s P
( 2) k
T1 P1
1.26 1
T2 s 600 1.26
( ) , T2s=434.202 K
300 100
T T 434.202 300
c 2 s 1 0.895
T2 T1 450 300
W a m
(h1 - h2 ) m
C p (T1 - T2 ) 1.8 * 0.917(300 - 450) -247.59 kW

T 450
s s2 s1 s2 s2 s C p ln 2 0.917 ln 0.0327kJ / kg.K
T2 s 434.202

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