Chapter 19-Multimedia-1-2oP PDF

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K.
Sinha & Priti Sinha
Computer Fundamentals
Pradeep K. Sinha
Priti Sinha
Chapter 19
Multimedia
Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 1/36
Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you will learn about:

What is multimedia?
What is a multimedia computer system?
Main components of multimedia and their associated
technologies
Common multimedia applications
Media center computer
1
What is Multimedia?
Multimedia
A medium (plural media) is something that a presenter can

use for presentation of information
Two basic ways to present information are:
Unimedium presentation: Presenter uses a single
medium to present information
Multimedia presentation: Presenter uses more than one
medium to present information
Multimedia presentation of any information enhances
comprehension capability of its user because it involves use of
multiple senses by the user
Ref. Page 392 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 4/36
2
Common Media
Common media for storage, access, and transmission of
information are:
Text (alphanumeric characters)
Graphics (line drawings and images)
Animation (moving images)
Audio (sound)
Video (Videographed real-life events)
Multimedia in information technology refers to use of more
than one of these media for information presentation to
users
Multimedia Computer System
Multimedia computer system is a computer having

capability to integrate two or more types of media (text,
graphics, animation, audio, and video)
In general, data size for multimedia information is much
larger than plain text information
Hence, multimedia computer systems require:
Faster CPU
Larger storage devices (for storing large data files)
Larger main memory (for large data size)
Good graphics terminals
I/O devices to play any multimedia
(Continued on next slide)
3
Multimedia Components
Text Media
Alphanumeric characters are used to present information

in text form. Computers are widely used for text
processing
Keyboards, electronic writing pads, OCRs, terminal
screens, and printers are some commonly used
hardware devices for processing text media
Text editing, text searching, hypertext, and text
importing/exporting are some highly desirable features
of a multimedia computer system for better presentation
and use of text information
4
Graphics
Computer graphics deals with tools and technologies for

generating, representing, manipulating, and displaying
pictures with a computer
Graphics is an important component of multimedia
applications because a picture is a powerful way to illustrate
information
Graphics Types
Line drawings
Drawings are illustrations in the form of 2D and 3D pictures
created from mathematical representation of simple objects like
lines, circles, arcs, etc.
Area of computer graphics that deals with this type of pictures is
known as generative graphics
Images
Computers store pixels of an image as a two-dimensional matrix
This two-dimensional representation is called image resolution
Each pixel is composed of three components: red (R), green (G),
blue (B)
On a display screen, each component of a pixel corresponds to a
phosphor
5
Graphics Types
Phosphor glows when excited by an electron gun

Number of bits used to represent a pixel is called color depth
Color depth in turn is determined by the size of video buffer in
display circuitry
Resolution and color depth determine the presentation quality
and size of image storage
Applications use image compression techniques to compress
images to reduce their size before storing or transmitting them
Area of computer graphics that deals with this type of pictures
is known as cognitive graphics
Ref. Page 395 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 11/
An Image Composition
Image sample Divided into pixels A pixel composition
R G
6
Graphics: Hardware Requirements
Locating device with a video display terminal and

drawing software
Flatbed or rectangular coordinate digitizer
Scanners
Digital camera or frame-capture hardware
Computer screens with graphics display capability
Laser printers
Plotters
Graphics: Software Requirements
Drawing and painting software

Screen-capture software
Clip art
Graphics importing
Software support for high resolution
7
Animation Media
Computer animation deals with generation, sequencing,

and display (at a specified rate) of a set of images
(called frames) to create an effect of visual change or
motion, similar to a movie film (video)
Animation is commonly used in those instances where
videography is not possible or animation can better
illustrate the concept than video
Animation deals with displaying a sequence of images at
a reasonable speed to create an impression of
movement. For a jerk-free full motion animation, 25 to
30 frames per second is required
Animation: Hardware Requirements
Image generation tools and devices such as scanners, digital

cameras, and video capture board
Computer monitor with image display capability and a
graphics accelerator board
8
Animation: Software Requirements
Animation-creation software
Screen-capture software
Animation clips
Animation file importing
Software support for high resolution
Recording and playback capability
Transition effects
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality is a relatively new technology using

which the user can put a pair of goggles and a glove
and tour a three-dimensional world that exists only in
the computer, but appears realistic to the user
Virtual reality applications use animation extensively
9
Audio
Computer audio deals with tools and technologies for

synthesizing, recording, and playing of audio or sound with a
computer
Analog and Digital Audio
Audio information travels in natural medium in the form of

sound waves that are analog
To enable a computer to deal with audio information, a device
must convert sound waves from analog to digital form
Transducer is a device that converts signals from one form to
another
Microphone is a transducer that converts sound waves to
electrical signals, and loudspeaker is a transducer that
converts electrical signals to sound waves
Analog signals are continuous tone of smooth fluctuations,
while digital signals are discrete values in the form of
numbers
10
Analog and Digital Audio
A/D conversion transforms an analog input into a series of

numeric representation by digitization
D/A conversion is the reverse process of transforming a
sequence of discrete numbers back into continuous analog
signal
Roles of A/D and D/A Converters

Analog data A
input device A/D
converter
D
Secondary Network
Memory
storage I/O
D
Data in analog form
D/A
converter Analog data
Data in digital form
A output device
11
Audio Processing
Audio processing requires a sound-board which has:

A/D and D/A converters
Connector for a speaker or headphone
MIDI input port to input sound from an external MIDI device
MIDI output port to output recorded sound to the MIDI
device
MIDI synthesizer
Volume control
Audio: Hardware Requirements
Sound-board with A/D and D/A converters

Input device for audio input to record sound
Output device to listen audio output
Computer may use MIDI devices
Computer may also enable generation of synthesized
sound by using keyboard
Sound editors enable cut and paste of sound sequences
Audio mixers enable combining of multiple channels of
sound with controls like synchronization points
12
Audio: Software Requirements
Audio clips
Audio file importing
Software support for high quality sound
Text-to-speech conversion software
Speech-to-text conversion software
Voice recognition software
Video
Video deals with tools and technologies for recording and

displaying a sequence of images (frames) at a reasonable
speed to create an impression of motion
For jerk-free full motion video, the display device must
display 25 to 30 frames per second
Video is an important component of multimedia
applications because it is useful for illustrating concepts
involving movement
13
Analog and Digital Video
Video information travels in natural medium in the form of

light waves that are analog
To enable a computer to deal with video information, a device
must convert light waves from analog to digital form
Video camera is a transducer that converts light waves to
electrical signals, and monitor is a transducer that converts
electrical signals to light waves
Analog-to-digital conversion of video also involves sampling
and quantization of analog video signals
Video: Hardware Requirements
Video camera
Video monitor
Video board with A/D and D/A converters, and
connectors for video camera and video monitor
Video editors
14
Video: Software Requirements
Video clips
It is a library of video clips
A user can import a video clip directly from this library for
use in a multimedia application
Enables users to control recording and display of a video
sequence
Multimedia Applications
15
Multimedia Applications
Multimedia books and e-Books
Digital library
Multimedia presentation
Foreign language learning
Video games
Special effects in movies
Animation films
Animated advertisements
Multimedia kiosk
Virtual shops and shopping malls
Multimedia conferencing
Interactive TV
A Video-on-Demand System
Disks
Set-top box
Remote
control
Tapes
TV monitor
Video server
Customers home
Switch Transport Switch

network
16
Media Center Computer

There is a growing trend of owning a personal computer
(PC) at home like other electronic equipment
New terminologies like infotainment and edutainment
have evolved to refer to computers as versatile tools
Media center PC provides following functionalities:
Server as PC, TV, radio, and music system
Serve as digital photo album and digital library
Server as Game station and DVD/CD Player
Allows play, pause, and record of TV programs
Provides Electronic Programming Guide (EPG)
17
Any PC with good graphics display card, multimedia

components, and a TV tuner card can serve as a media
center PC by installing media center applications on it
Some operating systems provide features of media centre
applications integrated into OS itself
Such operating systems are called media center OS
High-resolution display screen

System unit
Remote control
Mouse
Keyboard
Keywords/Phrases
Animation
Audio
Clip art
Cognitive graphics
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Digital library
Frames
Generative graphics
Graphics
Interactive TV
Multimedia
Pixel
Refresh rate
Text
Transducer
Transition effects
Unimedia presentation
Video
Virtual reality
18

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Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K.

Sinha & Priti Sinha

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

In this chapter you will learn about:

Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 2/36

Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 3/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

A medium (plural media) is something that a presenter can

Ref. Page 392 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 4/36

Ref. Page 392 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 5/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Multimedia Computer System

Multimedia computer system is a computer having

(Continued on next slide)

Ref. Page 393 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 6/36

Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 7/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Alphanumeric characters are used to present information

Ref. Page 394 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 8/36

Computer graphics deals with tools and technologies for

Ref. Page 395 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 9/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Ref. Page 395 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 10/36

Phosphor glows when excited by an electron gun

Ref. Page 395 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 11/

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Image sample Divided into pixels A pixel composition

Ref. Page 396 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 12/

Graphics: Hardware Requirements

Locating device with a video display terminal and

Ref. Page 396 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 13/

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Graphics: Software Requirements

Drawing and painting software

Ref. Page 396 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 14/

Computer animation deals with generation, sequencing,

Ref. Page 397 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 15/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Animation: Hardware Requirements

Image generation tools and devices such as scanners, digital

Ref. Page 397 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 16/36

Animation: Software Requirements

Ref. Page 398 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 17/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Virtual reality is a relatively new technology using

Ref. Page 397 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 18/36

Computer audio deals with tools and technologies for

Ref. Page 399 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 19/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Analog and Digital Audio

Audio information travels in natural medium in the form of

Ref. Page 399 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 20/36

Analog and Digital Audio

A/D conversion transforms an analog input into a series of

Ref. Page 399 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 21/36

Computer Fundamentals : Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

Roles of A/D and D/A Converters

Ref. Page 399 Chapter 19: Multimedia Slide 22/36

Audio processing requires a sound-board which has: