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Contract For SOG

There are four essential elements for a valid contract of sale: 1) There must be two parties - a buyer and seller. One person cannot buy their own goods. 2) The subject matter must be movable goods, not immovable property or services. 3) There must be a transfer of ownership of the goods from the seller to the buyer. Physical delivery is not required to transfer ownership. 4) There must be consideration in the form of money paid. Goods offered in exchange are not valid consideration and make it a barter, not a sale.

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140 views1 page

Contract For SOG

There are four essential elements for a valid contract of sale: 1) There must be two parties - a buyer and seller. One person cannot buy their own goods. 2) The subject matter must be movable goods, not immovable property or services. 3) There must be a transfer of ownership of the goods from the seller to the buyer. Physical delivery is not required to transfer ownership. 4) There must be consideration in the form of money paid. Goods offered in exchange are not valid consideration and make it a barter, not a sale.

Uploaded by

neha gala
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elements of Contract of Sale

Some essential elements are to be present in a contract which makes the contract of sale valid.
If, the essential elements are missing, then the contract of sale will not be valid. For example,
Ram agrees to sell his Car to Shyam without any consideration. This contract of sale is not
valid since there is no consideration.

From the Section 4 of the Sale of Good Act, we can understand that the following essential
elements must be present in the Contract of Sale.
1. There must be Two parties.

There must be at least two parties, i.e. one buyer and the other seller. A person cannot buy his
own goods. For example Shyam is the owner of certain goods, but he is not aware of this fact.
Ram pretends to be the owner of the goods and sells them to Shyam. Since the goods already
belongs to Shyam, he cannot buy his own goods, hence there is no sale and the contract is not
valid. (Bell V. Lever Bros. Ltd.) There is exemption in the case of a part owner. For the purpose
of sale of partnership property, partners are not regarded as separate persons. They cannot be
both seller and buyer. But a partner may sell goods to the firm or buy goods from the firm.
However, a part owner can sell his ownership to another part owner.

2. Subject matter of Sale must be "goods"

The subject matter of contract of sale must be movable goods. Sale and purchase of immovable
property is regulated by the Transfer of Property Act. Contracts relating to services are also not
treated as contract of sale. So the subject matter of contract must be goods which can be
movable.

3. Transfer of property in the goods: It is the ownership that is transferred in a Contract of


sale. The ownership is agreed to be transferred in an agreement to sell as in case of pledge.
According to Section 2 (II) of the Act, property means the general property in the goods and not
merely a special property. The general property is transferred from seller to the buyer in a
contract of sale. When the goods are pledged, it is only the special property which is transferred
i.e., possession of the goods is transferred to the pledgee while the ownership rights remain
with the pledger. You should note that for transferring the ownership of goods, the physical
delivery of the goods is not essential.

4. Consideration in Price:

Consideration in a contract of sale has necessarily to be money. Thus, if for instance, goods are
offered as consideration for goods, it will not amount to sale, but it will be called a 'brater'.
Similarly, in case there is no consideration, it amounts to gift and not sale. However the
consideration may be partly in money and partly in goods.

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