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Dang Nguyen Chau. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Email: Chaudn@hcmut - Edu.vn

This document provides an introduction to a course on digital signal processing. It outlines the learning outcomes, which are to understand analog to digital conversion, signal processing in linear time-invariant systems, z-transforms, and designing FIR and IIR filters. References and assessment criteria are also included. The document then describes signals and systems, classification of signals, elements of a DSP system, and applications in communications, radar, biomedical, speech, image processing, and multimedia. Advantages of digital over analog processing are noted. An overview of course topics is presented.

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Duong N. Khoa
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58 views18 pages

Dang Nguyen Chau. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Email: Chaudn@hcmut - Edu.vn

This document provides an introduction to a course on digital signal processing. It outlines the learning outcomes, which are to understand analog to digital conversion, signal processing in linear time-invariant systems, z-transforms, and designing FIR and IIR filters. References and assessment criteria are also included. The document then describes signals and systems, classification of signals, elements of a DSP system, and applications in communications, radar, biomedical, speech, image processing, and multimedia. Advantages of digital over analog processing are noted. An overview of course topics is presented.

Uploaded by

Duong N. Khoa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 0

Introduction
Dang Nguyen Chau. Click to edit Master subtitle style
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: [email protected]
Learning outcomes

Understand how to convert the analog to digital signal

Have a thorough grasp of signal processing in linear time-invariant


systems.

Understand the z-transform and Fourier transforms in analyzing


the signal and systems.

Be able to design and implement FIR and IIR filters.

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References

Text books:
[1] S. J. Orfanidis, Introduction to Signal Processing, Prentice
Hall Publisher 2010.
[2] J. Proakis, D. Manolakis, Introduction to Digital Signal
Processing, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989.

Reference books:
[3] V. K. Ingle, J. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing Using Matlab,
Cengage Learning, 3 Edt, 2011.

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Assessment

Mid-term exam + Project : 40%

Final exam: 60%

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1. Signal and Systems

A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time,


space, or any other independent variables.
Speech, image, video and electrocardiogram signals are information-bearing
signals.
Mathematically, we describe a signal as a function of one or more
independent variables.
Examples: x(t ) 110 sin(2 50t )
I ( x, y ) 3 x 2 xy 10 y 2
A system is defined as a physical device that performs any operation
on a signal.
A filter is used to reduce noise and interference corrupting a desired
information-bearing signal.

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1. Signal and Systems

Signal processing is to pass a signal


through a system.

A digital system can be


implemented as a digital computer
or digital hardware (logic circuits).

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2. Classification of Signal

Multichannels and Multidimensional signals


Signals which are generated by multiple sources or multiple sensors
can be represented in a vector form. Such a vector of signals is
referred to as a multichannel signals
Ex: 3-lead and 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) are often used in practice,
which results in 3-channel and 12-channel signals.

A signal is called M-dimensional if its value is a function of M


independent variable
Picture: the intensity or brightness I(x,y) at each point is a function of 2
independent variables
Color TV picture is 3-dimensional signals I(x,y,t)

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2. Classification of Signal

Continous-time versus discrete-time signal


Signals can be classified into four different categories depending on
the characteristics of the time variable and the values they take.
Time Continuous Discrete
Amplitue
x(t) x(n)

Continuous t
(Analog signal) n
Analog signal Discrete time signal
xQ(t) 111 xQ(n)
110
Discrete 101
100
(Digital signal) t 011 n
010
001
000
Quantized signal Digital signal

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3. Basic elements of a DSP system

Most of the signals encountered in science and engineering are


analog in nature. To perform the processing digitally, there is a need
for an interface between the analog signal and the digital processor

Fig: Analog signal processing

Fig: Digital signal processing


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4. DSP applications-Communications

Telephony: transmission of information in


digital form via telephone lines, modem
technology, mobile phone.

Encoding and decoding of the


information sent over physical
channels (to optimize
transmission, to detect or
correct errors in transmission)

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4. DSP applications-Radar

Radar and sonar:

Target detection:
position and
velocity estimation

Tracking

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4. DSP applications-Biomedical

Analysis of biomedical signals, diagnosis, patient monotoring,


preventive health care, artificial organs.
Examples:
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal provides
information about the condition of the
patients heart.

Electroencephhalogram (EEG) signal


provides information about the
activity of the brain.

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4. DSP applications-Speech

Noise reduction: reducing


background noise in the sequence
produced by a sensing device (a
microphone).

Speech recognition: differentiating


between various speech sounds

Synthesis of artificial speech :


text to speech systems

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4. DSP applications-Image Processing

Content based image retrieval-


browsing, searching and retrieving
images from database.

Image enhancement

Compression: reducing the


redundancy in the image data to
optimize transmission/storage

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4. DSP applications-Multimedia

Generation storage and transmission


of sound, still images, motion
pictures.

Digital TV

Video conference

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The Journey

Learning digital signal processing is not something


you accomplish; its a journey you take.

R.G. Lyons, Understanding Digital Signal Processing

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5. Advantages of digital
over analog signal processing

A digital programmable system allows flexibility in reconfiguring the


DSP operations simply by changing the program.
A digital system provides much better control of accuracy
requirements.
Digital signals are easily stored.
DSP methods allow for implementation of more sophisticated signal
processing algorithms.

Limitation: Practical limitations of DSP are the quantization errors


and the speed of A/D converters and digital signal processors -> not
suitable for analog signals with large bandwidths.
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Course overview

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing (3 periods)


Sampling and reconstruction, quantization (6 periods)
Analysis of linear time invariant systems (LTI)(3 periods)
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) of LTI systems (3 periods)
Z-transform and its applications to the analysis of linear systems (6
periods)
Mid-term Exam
Fourier transform & FFT Algorithm (9 periods)
Digital filter realization(3 periods)
FIR and IIR filter designs (9 periods)
Final Exam
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