CE052492006 March Supp

Code No: RR410104 Set No.
1
IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March -2006
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. Explain how the principle of minimum potential energy forms the basis for the
displacement formulation for Finite Element Analysis? [16]
2. For a simply supported Beam of uniformly distributed load of Intensity P0 per unit
length and a concentrated load P at center, Find the Transverse deflection using
Raleigh-Ritz method of Functional Evaluation and compare the result with exact
Analytical solution. [16]
3. Derive the differential equations of equilibrium for a body subjected to three di-
mensional stress system. [16]
4. (a) Compare and contrast Element Stiffness Matrix and structure stiffness matrix.
(b) Does the determinant exists for the above matrices? Explain. [16]
5. Using the Finite Element procedure with Two axial elements, Obtain the stress
value at salient points for the stepped bar shown in figure1. [16]
Figure 1:
6. Derive the strain-displacement [B] Matrix for plane stress analysis using a three
Node Triangular element. [16]
7. Compare and contrast the area coordinates and volume coordinates in plane elas-
ticity problems. [16]
8. (a) What are the Advantages of expressing a displacement field in terms of shape
functions using natural coordinate over the generalized Coordinate displace-
ment Model?
(b) Explain local and global Coordinates. [16]
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1 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No.2
(Civil Engineering)
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1. (a) Enumerate the types of finite elements that are commonly employed in des-
critization of a continuum?
(b) Explain the two general approaches associated with the FEM for structural
problems? [16]
2. A uniform axial rod of length L is clamped at both ends. It can resist only axial
loads. The load varies uniformly with q0 per metre run. Assuming one generalized
coordinate (one Ritz paramenter), establish the displacement field. Also find the
stresses at salient points. Exploiting the symmetry, show that your answer is the
correct one. [16]
3. (a) What are the assumptions made in plane stress problems?

(b) Cite suitable examples for a plane stress problem.
(c) Express the stress-strain relationship for a plane stress problem in matrix form.
[16]
4. Compare the Formulation of one-dimensional Finite Element problems using Two

Node quadratic Elements. [16]
5. (a) Generate the shape functions for the Two Noded one dimensional element in
terms of Natural Coordinate system.
(b) Describe the characteristics of shape functions. [16]
6. (a) Formulate the displacement function for a Rectangular element and express it
in matrix form.
(b) Explain the displacement function in terms of Nodal displacements. [16]
7. Show that area Coordinate are related to shape functions for a three Node Triangu-
lar element and that area Coordinates lead to a different but equivalent formulation
for the shape function. [16]
8. Determine the Jacobian Matrix for a four Node Two dimensional quadrilateral
element? [16]
?????
1 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
?????
1. (a) Sketch four types of simple elements.

(b) How will you determine the minimum number of degree of freedom in each
node for the above elements.
(c) Illustrate with sketches the descritization of a structure using each of above
elements. [16]
2. A cantilever beam of under uniformly distributed load of intensity P0 per unit
length and end moment M0 . Find the Transverse deflection using Raleigh-Ritz
functional evaluation and compare the result with exact analytical solution. [16]
3. Explain the requirements for method of theory of elasticity and give the necessary
expressions for the same. [16]
4. (a) Distinguish between local and global axes.
(b) What are the types of nodes? Explain.
(c) What is meant by higher order element? Explain. [16]
5. (a) Explain the static condensation of stiffness matrix.
(b) Formulate the condensed stiffness matrix 2x2 from the stiffness matrix 3x3
given below. [16]

12 6 6
[K] = 6 4 2
6 2 4
6. (a) What are the advantages of expressing a displacement field in terms of shape
functions using Natural Coordinate over the generalized Coordinate displace-
ment model?
(b) Compare and contrast Linear Strain Triangle (LST) element with Constant
Strain Triangle (CST) Element. [16]
7. Using Area Coordinates, develop shape functions for a six Node Triangular element.
[16]
8. (a) Discuss subparametric and super parametric elements.
(b) Concept of Isoparametric element.
(c) Isoparametric elements for Two dimensional stress analysis. [16]
?????
1 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
?????
1. (a) What is a boundary value problem?

(b) Explain the boundary conditions for a structural mechanics continuum prob-
lems.
(c) Explain an Initial value problem. [16]
2. A uniform column is fixed at the bottom and is free at the top. It carries a
compressive load P at the free end. Investigate the critical load of the column
by assuming
(a) a second degree polynomial

(b) a third degree polynomial
Use Raleigh Ritz method. Comment on the result with exact one. [16]
3. Develop stress-strain relationship for Axisymmetric solids subjected to axially sym-

metric loading. [16]
4. (a) Prove that structure stiffness matrix is always symmetric?

(b) Does the determinant of an element stiffness matrix exist? Explain. [16]
5. The stepped bar shown in figure 2 is subjected to an axial load P=200KN. [16]
(a) Determine the Nodal displacements

(b) Determine the stresses in each material
(c) Determine the reactions.
6. Enumerate the typical finite elements employed for the following conditions.
(a) Plane stress

(b) Plane strain
(c) Axisymmetric Analysis
(d) Three dimensional stress Analysis. [16]
7. Show that volume Coordinates are Related to shape functions for a Four Node
quadrilateral element. [16]
8. Write short notes on:
1 of 2
Figure 2:
(a) Lagrangian Elements

(b) Serendipity Elements. [16]
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2 of 2

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Code No: RR410104 Set No.

3. (a) What are the assumptions made in plane stress problems?

4. Compare the Formulation of one-dimensional Finite Element problems using Two

1. (a) Sketch four types of simple elements.

1. (a) What is a boundary value problem?

(a) a second degree polynomial

3. Develop stress-strain relationship for Axisymmetric solids subjected to axially sym-

4. (a) Prove that structure stiffness matrix is always symmetric?

(a) Determine the Nodal displacements

(a) Plane stress

8. Write short notes on:

(a) Lagrangian Elements

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