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Work Energy Power SOL

This document contains a marking scheme for a physics exam. It provides the answers and marks allocated for questions on various topics: 1) Pole vaulting, including the energy changes and maximum height achieved. 2) Power calculations related to work, force and time for an ideal gas. 3) Linear and projectile motion questions involving calculations of kinetic energy, potential energy, work, force, and distance/time relationships. 4) Escalator power calculations using energy, power and efficiency. The marking scheme provides detailed answers and working for multi-part physics problems related to mechanics.

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Avinash Boodhoo
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505 views7 pages

Work Energy Power SOL

This document contains a marking scheme for a physics exam. It provides the answers and marks allocated for questions on various topics: 1) Pole vaulting, including the energy changes and maximum height achieved. 2) Power calculations related to work, force and time for an ideal gas. 3) Linear and projectile motion questions involving calculations of kinetic energy, potential energy, work, force, and distance/time relationships. 4) Escalator power calculations using energy, power and efficiency. The marking scheme provides detailed answers and working for multi-part physics problems related to mechanics.

Uploaded by

Avinash Boodhoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MARKSCHEME M01/430/H(2)M

B2. Part 1. Pole vault

(a) Any four of the following five energy aspects, provided the narrative makes sense.
! KE in runup; [1]
! Is converted to Elastic PE and Gravitational PE while swinging up on bending pole; [1]
! Also muscular energy used doing work while going up; [1]
! Energy is nearly all Gravitational PE at top of vault; [1]
! PE converted to KE on way down; [1]
[4 max]

1 2
(b) mv = mgh ; [1]
2

v2
h = ; [1]
2g
92
= = 4 m (increase in height of centre of gravity) ; [1]
2 10

But centre of gravity starts off 1 m above the ground,


so max height vaulted should be 4 + 1 = 5 m approximately; [2]
[5 max]

(c) Going up, pulling self up by say m (from experience of pulling self upward?);
Near the top, pushing down, to raise self another m say;
Gives extra height of 1 m in all;
[2 max]

(d) World record: 5 + 1 = 6 m approximately; [1 max]


M03/430/H(2)M+

MARKSCHEME

[3]

B2. (a) force % distance (moved);


in the direction of the force; [2]

(b) (i) force = weight = mg;


work done = mgh; [2]
Award [0] for quote of answer.

mgh
(ii) power = ;
t
h
but = v, so power = mgv; [2]
t
Award [1] for power = Fv = mgv.

(c) kinetic energy is constant;


gravitational potential energy t thermal energy;
as a result of air resistance; [3]
M07/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+

MARKSCHEME

A2. (a) (i) initial momentum 500 6 3000 Ns ;


final momentum 500 ( 1) 700 5 3000 Ns ; [2]
(working must be shown to award marks)
Allow approach that shows equal and opposite momentum changes.

(ii) initial kinetic energy 12 500 36 9000 J ;


final kinetic energy 12 500 1 12 700 25 9000 J ; [2]
(working must be shown to award marks)

(b) impulse change of momentum 700 5 3500 Ns ;


duration of collision 2.0s ;
3500
to give F 1800 N ; [3]
2.0
Accept force in the range 1700 N to 1800 N even with three significant figures.
MARKSCHEME

B4. Part 1 Power and an ideal gas

work
(a) the rate of working / ; [1]
time
Ratio or rate must be clear.

s
(b) let s = distance moved in time t such that v = ;
t
work Fs
P= = ;
time t
= Fv [2]

All symbols must be defined for full marks.


16 M08/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+

(c) (i) friction; [1]

(ii) recognize that F= rate of change of momentum;


m
= v = ( 60 2.0 ) = 120 N; [2]
t
(iii) ( P = 120 2.0 ) = 240 W; [1]

1 m 2
(iv) K= v ;
2 t
1
= 60 4.0 = 120 W; [2]
2
Award full marks for bald correct answer.

(v) the sand on the conveyor belt must slip to be accelerated;


in slipping kinetic energy is dissipated / lost as internal energy / heat in the
sand and conveyor belt;

or

there is friction between the sand and conveyor belt;


therefore kinetic energy is dissipated / lost as internal energy / heat in the sand
and conveyor belt; [2]
Award zero for bald statement energy is lost as heat.

(d) temperature:
the molecules gain energy by collision with the moving piston;
therefore average KE of the molecules increases;
temperature is a measure of average KE of the molecules (so temperature increases);

pressure:
pressure is caused by the force that the molecules exert on collision with the walls of
the cylinder;
the volume is decreased so there are more molecules per unit volume / more
collisions per unit time;
increased temperature means greater speed;
rate of change of momentum per unit area is greater; [7]
N04/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+

MARKSCHEME

A3. (a) Note: for part (i) and (ii) the answers in brackets are those arrived at if 19.3 is
used as the value for the height.

(i) height raised = 30sin 40 = 19 m ;


gain in PE = mgh = 700 19 = 1.3 10 4 J (1.4 104 J) ; [2]

(ii) 48 1.3 104 J = 6.2 105 J (6.7 105 J) ; [1]

(iii) the people stand still / dont walk up the escalator / their average weight is
700 N / ignore any gain in KE of the people; [1 max]

6.2 105
(b) (i) power required = = 10 kW (11kW) ;
60
P P
Eff = out , Pin = out ;
Pin Eff
Pin = 14 kW (16 kW) ; [3]

(ii) the escalator can in theory return to the ground under the action of gravity /
OWTTE; [1]

(c) power will be lost due to friction in the escalator / OWTTE; [1]
The location of the friction must be given to obtain the mark.
MARKSCHEME N07/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+

SECTION B

B1. Part 1 Linear motion

(a) (i) EK 12 72 232 ;


1.9 104 J ; [2]

(ii) uses area between the t-axis and the line;


correctly converts area distance (one 1cm 1cm square 5.0m );
distance between 90 m and 105 m;
improved accuracy, distance between 95 m and 100 m; [4]
Do not accept kinematic formulas. Distance can only be found from area.

(b) (i) EP 72 9.8 41 ;


2.9 10 4 J ; [2]
2
Accept 3.0 10 J for responses using g 10 m s .
4

(ii) energy loss 1.0 104 J ;


(1.0 104 )
average force ;
98
100 N ; [3]
N.B. follow through workinganswer is {(b)(i)(a)(i)} / (a)(ii).

(iii) e.g. air resistance;


friction between skis and slope;
force to push snow away from skis; [2 max]
To award marks responses must specify where friction is acting.

(c) 1.8 12 9.8 t 2 ;


time of flight 0.61s ;
horizontal distance travelled ( 23 0.61) 14m ;
distance CD( 14 12) 2.0m ; [4]
Accept a time of 0.60 s and CD 1.8 m for responses using g 10 m s 2 .

(d) (i) D is further from the edge C; [1]

(ii) sensible reason e.g. velocity not normal to ground;


hence impact is less; (any other sensible comment) [2]

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