STROBE Checklist BMJ-Open Cross-Sectional-Studies

STROBE 2007 (v4) StatementChecklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies
Ite
Section/Topic Reported on
m Recommendation
page #
#
Title and 1 (a) Indicate the studys design with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract
abstract
(b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced summary of what was done and what was
found
Introduction
Background/ration 2 Explain the scientific background and rationale for the investigation being reported
ale
Objectives 3 State specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses
Methods
Study design 4 Present key elements of study design early in the paper
Setting 5 Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates, including periods of recruitment, exposure,
follow-up, and data collection
Participants 6 (a) Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of selection of participants
Variables 7 Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect modifiers. Give
diagnostic criteria, if applicable
Data sources/ 8* For each variable of interest, give sources of data and details of methods of assessment
measurement (measurement). Describe comparability of assessment methods if there is more than one group
Bias 9 Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias
Study size 10 Explain how the study size was arrived at
Quantitative 11 Explain how quantitative variables were handled in the analyses. If applicable, describe which
variables groupings were chosen and why
Statistical 12 (a) Describe all statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding
methods
(b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions
(c) Explain how missing data were addressed
(d) If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of sampling strategy
(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses
Results
Participants 13* (a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of studyeg numbers potentially eligible,
examined for eligibility, confirmed eligible, included in the study, completing follow-up, and
analysed
(b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage
(c) Consider use of a flow diagram
Descriptive data 14* (a) Give characteristics of study participants (eg demographic, clinical, social) and information on
exposures and potential confounders
(b) Indicate number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest
Outcome data 15* Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures
Main results 16 (a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their precision
(eg, 95% confidence interval). Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and why they were
included
(b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized
(c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative risk into absolute risk for a meaningful time
period
Other analyses 17 Report other analyses doneeg analyses of subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity analyses
Discussion
Key results 18 Summarise key results with reference to study objectives
Limitations 19 Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account sources of potential bias or imprecision.
Discuss both direction and magnitude of any potential bias
Interpretation 20 Give a cautious overall interpretation of results considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity of
analyses, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence
Generalisability 21 Discuss the generalisability (external validity) of the study results
Other
information
Funding 22 Give the source of funding and the role of the funders for the present study and, if applicable, for
the original study on which the present article is based
*Give information separately for cases and controls in case-control studies and, if applicable, for exposed and unexposed groups in cohort and
cross-sectional studies.
Note: An Explanation and Elaboration article discusses each checklist item and gives methodological background and published examples of
transparent reporting. The STROBE checklist is best used in conjunction with this article (freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine at
http://www.plosmedicine.org/, Annals of Internal Medicine at http://www.annals.org/, and Epidemiology at http://www.epidem.com/). Information
on the STROBE Initiative is available at www.strobe-statement.org.

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STROBE 2007 (v4) StatementChecklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies

Objectives 3 State specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses

Bias 9 Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias

Study size 10 Explain how the study size was arrived at

(b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions

(c) Explain how missing data were addressed

(d) If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of sampling strategy

(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses

(b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage

(c) Consider use of a flow diagram

(b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized

Key results 18 Summarise key results with reference to study objectives

Generalisability 21 Discuss the generalisability (external validity) of the study results

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