Embedded systems

kumarasamy
UCS12652 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS L T P C
3003
AIM:
To give sufficient background for undertaking embedded systems design.
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce students to the embedded systems, its hardware and software
To introduce devices and buses used for embedded networking.
To explain programming concepts and embedded programming in C.
To explain real time operating systems, inter-task communication.
UNIT I EMBEDDED COMPUTING 9
Challenges of Embedded Systems Embedded system design process. Embedded
processors
8051 Microcontroller, ARM processor Architecture, Instruction sets and
programming.
UNIT II MEMORY AND INPUT / OUTPUT MANAGEMENT 9
Programming Input and Output Memory system mechanisms Memory and I/O
devices and
interfacing Interrupts handling.
UNIT III PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS 9
Multiple tasks and processes Context switching Scheduling policies Inter
process
communication mechanisms Performance issues.
UNIT IV EMBEDDED SOFTWARE 9
Programming embedded systems in assembly and C Meeting real time constraints
Multistate

systems and function sequences. Embedded software development tools

Emulators and
debuggers.
UNIT V EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 9
Design issues and techniques Case studies Complete design of example
embedded systems.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computer
System Design, Elsevier, 2006.
2. Michael J. Pont, Embedded C, Pearson Education, 2007
REFERENCES:
1. Steve Heath, Embedded System Design, Elsevier, 2005.
2. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay, The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education, Second edition, 2007

Kumaraguru
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 8
Embedded Systems - Processor Embedded into a System Embedded Hardware
units and
Devices - Embedded Software in a System Examples of Embedded systems
Embedded
System-on-chip- Design Process in Embedded System Formalization of System
Design
Design process and examples- Classification of Embedded Systems
DEVICES AND COMMUNICATION BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK 10
I/O Types and Examples Serial Communications Devices Parallel Device Ports

Sophisticated interfacing features in Device Ports Wireless devices -Timer and

Counting
Devices Watchdog Timer -Real Time Clock - Networked Embedded Systems - Serial
bus communication protocols - Parallel bus device protocols
DEVICE DRIVERS & INTERRUPTS SERVICE MECHANISM 10
Programmed I/O ISR concept Interrupt sources Interrupt service mechanism
Multiple
Interrupts Context and the periods for switching, latency and deadlineClassification of
processors Interrupt service mechanism from context saving angle DMA- Device
driver
programming
INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION & SYNCHRONISATION OF
PROCESSES, THREADS & TASKS
9
Multiple processes Multiple threads Tasks- Task states Task and data
Distinction
between functions, ISRs and tasks Semaphores Shared data - Interprocess
communication
Signal functions Semaphore functions Queue functions - Pipe functions - Socket
functions
RPC functions
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS & TOOLS 8
Introduction to Embedded Software Development Process and Tools- Host and Target
Machines- Linking and Locating Software - Getting Embedded Software into the
Target
System- Issues in Hardware-Software Design and Co-design- Testing on host
machineSimulators
Theory: 45 hours Tutorials: 0 Total Hours: 45
References:

1. Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems Architecture Programming an design, Second

Edition ,
TMH, 2008
2. David E.Simon An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education, Fourth
Edition
Reprint, 2007.
3. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Second Edition, Elsevier Publications,
2006.
4. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components; Principles of Embedded Computing
System
Design, Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, First Indian Reprint, 2005.
5. Prasad K.V.K.K, Embedded/Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design and
Programming,
Dream Tech Press, Reprint, 2009.
6. Ajay V Deshmukh, Microcontroller Theory and Applications, Tata McGrawHill,2007

Sona
U10EE606R EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3 100
AIM
To understand the basic concept of embedded system design and its applications.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Introduce to features that build an embedded system.
To help the understanding of the interaction that the various components within
an embedded system have
with each other.
Techniques of inter facing between processors & peripheral device related to
embedded processing.
Design and Architecture of memories and processor & memory organizations.
To acquire an exposure to embedded software development process and tools.


UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 9
Introduction to Embedded systems Processor Embedded into a system
Embedded hardware units Register, memory devices, ports, timer, interrupt controllers.
UNIT II 8051 AND ADVANCED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES,
MEMORY ORGANIZATION 9
8051 Architecture Structural units of advanced architecture Processor and
memory organization memory
types, memory maps and address processor selection memory selection.
UNIT III DEVICES & BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK 9
I/O devices; timer & counting devices; serial communication using I2C, CAN, USB
buses; parallel
communication using ISA, PCI, PCI/X buses, arm bus; interfacing with devices/ports.
UNIT IV REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS) 9
Introduction to basic concepts of RTOS, RTOS Processor management, timer
functions, even functions,
device, file and IO systems managements interrupt routines in RTOs Environment
and handling of interrupt
source Real time operating systems.
UNIT V EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND TOOLS
9
Introduction to Embedded Software Development Process and Tools host and
target machines linking and
locating software Issues in hardware software design- Basic concept of
simulators.
Lecture: 45, Tutorial: 0, TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS

1. P. Rajkamal, Embedded System Architecture, Programming, Design, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Daniel W. Lewis Fundamentals of Embedded Software, Prentice Hall of India,
2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Frank Vahid, Embedded System Design A Unified Hardware & Software
Introduction, John
Wiley, 2002.
2. Sriram V. Iyer, Pankaj Gupte, Embedded Real Time Systems Programming, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2004.
3. Steve Heath, Embedded System Design, II edition, Elsevier, 2003.

PSG
12Z702 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
3003

INTRODUCTION: Application areas Categories of Embedded System - Challenges

for Embedded Systems Fundamental
Components of Embedded Systems Examples Languages for Programming of
Embedded Systems (4)
EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: The Development Process Requirements
Engineering Architecture and Design
Implementation Integration and Testing - Validation and Debugging - Configuration
Management. (6)
MEMORY MANAGEMENT AND INTERRUPTS: Memory Access Procedure - Types of
memory Memory Management methods Interrupts Types of Interrupts Re-entrancy Interrupt priority Types of ISRs
Guidelines for writing ISRs.
(10)
COMMUNICATION INTERFACES: Need for communication interfaces RS232/UART
RS422/RS485 US Infrared IEEE

1394 - Ethernet Bluetooth IEEE 802.1 (6)

REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS: Types of Real-time tasks Task periodicity Task
scheduling - Classification of Scheduling algorithms
Clock driven scheduling Event driven scheduling Resource sharing Commercial
RTOS (8)

PROGRAMMING FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: Development Tools Memory

management Timing of programs Device drivers
Productivity tools Code Optimization (7)
CASE STUDY: Digital Camera, Smart Card (4)
Total L: 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sriram V Iyer and Pankaj Gupta, Embedded Real-time Systems Programming,
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New
Delhi, 2006
2. Dr. Prasad K. V. K. K, Embedded/Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design and
Programming The Ultimate Reference, Himal
Impressions, New Delhi, 2003
REFERENCES:
1. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Newnes An Imprint of Elsevier,
Massachusetts, 2003
2. Wayne Wolf, Computer as Components, Elsevier, New Delhi, 2011
3. Tammy Noergaard, Embedded Systems Architecture, Newnes An Imprint of
Elsevier, Massachusetts, 2006
4. Chattopadhyay, Embedded System Design, PHI Learning Private Limited, New
Delhi, 2010
5. Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008

Anna university
EC6703 EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS L T P C

3003
OBJECTIVES:
The student should be made to:
Learn the architecture and programming of ARM processor.
Be familiar with the embedded computing platform design and analysis.
Be exposed to the basic concepts of real time Operating system.
Learn the system design techniques and networks for embedded systems
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED COMPUTING AND ARM 9
PROCESSORS
Complex systems and micro processors Embedded system design process Design
example: Model
train controller- Instruction sets preliminaries - ARM Processor CPU: programming
input and outputsupervisor
mode, exceptions and traps Co-processors- Memory system mechanisms CPU
performance- CPU power consumption.
UNIT II EMBEDDED COMPUTING PLATFORM DESIGN 9
The CPU Bus-Memory devices and systemsDesigning with computing platforms
consumer
electronics architecture platform-level performance analysis - Components for
embedded programsModels
of programs- Assembly, linking and loading compilation techniques- Program level
performance analysis Software performance optimization Program level energy
and power
analysis and optimization Analysis and optimization of program size- Program
validation and testing.
UNIT III PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS 9
Introduction Multiple tasks and multiple processes Multirate systems- Preemptive
real-time

operating systems- Priority based scheduling- Interprocess communication

mechanisms Evaluating
operating system performance- power optimization strategies for processes
Example Real time
operating systems-POSIX-Windows CE.
UNIT V SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES AND NETWORKS 9
Design methodologies- Design flows - Requirement Analysis Specifications-System
analysis and
architecture design Quality Assurance techniques- Distributed embedded systems
MPSoCs and
shared memory multiprocessors.
UNIT V CASE STUDY 9
Data compressor - Alarm Clock - Audio player - Software modem-Digital still camera
- Telephone
answering machine-Engine control unit Video accelerator.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Describe the architecture and programming of ARM processor.
Outline the concepts of embedded systems
Explain the basic concepts of real time Operating system design.
Use the system design techniques to develop software for embedded systems
Differentiate between the general purpose operating system and the real time
operating
system
Model real-time applications using embedded-system concepts
TEXT BOOK:
1. Marilyn Wolf, Computers as Components - Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design,

Third Edition Morgan Kaufmann Publisher (An imprint from Elsevier), 2012.
94
REFERENCES:
1. Jonathan W.Valvano, Embedded Microcomputer Systems Real Time Interfacing,
Third Edition
Cengage Learning, 2012.
2. David. E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, 1st Edition, Fifth Impression,
Addison-Wesley
Professional, 2007.
3. Raymond J.A. Buhr, Donald L.Bailey, An Introduction to Real-Time Systems- From
Design to
Networking with C/C++, Prentice Hall,1999.
4. C.M. Krishna, Kang G. Shin, Real-Time Systems, International Editions, Mc Graw
Hill 1997
5. K.V.K.K.Prasad, Embedded Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design &
Programming, Dream
Tech Press, 2005.
6. Sriram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, Embedded Real Time Systems Programming, Tata
Mc Graw Hill,
2004.

MGR UNIVERSITY

BCSE1255 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Unit I Introduction To Embedded Systems 9 0 0
Definition and Classification Overview of Processors and hardware units in an
embedded systemSoftware
embedded into the system Exemplary Embedded systems-Embedded Systems on
a Chip (SoC) and the
use of VLSI designed circuits.

Unit II Devices And Buses For Devices Network 9 0 0

I/O Devices Device I/O Types and examples Synchronous ISO Synchronous
and Asynchronous
Communications from serial Devices Examples of Internal Serial Communication
Devices UART and HDLC
Parallel Port Devices Sophisticated interfacing features in Devices / Ports Timer
and Counting Devices 12C, USB, CAN and advanced I/O Serial high speed buses ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI
and advanced buses
Unit III Programming Concepts And Embedded Programming In C, C++ 9 0 0
Programming in assembly language (ALP) vs. High level language C Program
Elements, Macros and
functions Use of Pointers NULL pointers Use of Function calls Multiple function
calls in a Cyclic order in
the Main function pointers Function Queues and Interrupt Service Routines
Queues, Pointers Concepts of
EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C++ - Object Oriented Programming Embedded
Programming in C++, C
Program compilers Cross compiler Optimization of memory codes.
Unit IV Real Time Operating Systems Part 1 9 0 0
Definitions of process , tasks and threads Clear cut distinction between functions
ISRs and tasks by
their characteristics Operating System Services Goals Structures Kernel
Process Management
Memory Management Device Management File System Organization and
Implementation I/O Subsystems
Interrupt Routines Handling in RTOS, REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS: RTOS Task
Scheduling models
Handling of task scheduling and latency and deadlines as performance metrics Co
operative Round Robin
SchedulingCyclic Scheduling with Time slicing (Rate Monotonics Co operative
Scheduling) Preemptive

scheduling model strategy by a scheduler critical section service by a Preemptive

scheduler Fixed (Static) Real
time scheduling of tasks INTER PROCESS COMMUNICATION AND
SYNCHRONIZATION Shared data
problem Use of semaphore(s) Priority inversion problem and Deadlock situations
Inter process
communications using signals semaphore Flag or mutex as Resource keyMessage
Queues Mail boxes Pipes
Virtual (Logical) Sockets Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs).
Unit V Real Time Operating Systems Part 2 9 0 0
Study of Micro C/OS-II or Vx works or any other popular RTOS RTOS system level
functions Task
service functions Time Delay Functions Memory Allocation Related Functions
Semaphore related functions
Mailbox related functions Queue related functions Case studies of programming
with RTOS
Understanding case definition multiple tasks and their functions creating a list of
tasks Function and IPCs
Exemplary Coding steps.
Total No of periods: 45hrs
Text Book:
1. Rajkamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH, 2/e,
2008.
References:
1. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Second Edition - 2003 Newnes
2. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of embedded computing
system design
Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, First Indian Reprint 2001
3. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design A unified Hardware /
Software
Introduction, John Wiley, 2002

4. Marilyn wolf, computers as components:principle of embedded computing

systems design,third
edition 2012