CSC 307 1.

Graphics Programming

Graphics Programming

GLUT
Budditha Hettige
Department of Statistics and Computer Science

Events in OpenGL
Event

Example

GLUT Callback functions

OpenGL Callback
Function

Event-driven: Programs that use windows

Keypress KeyDown
KeyUp

glutKeyboardFunc

Mouse

leftButtonDown
leftButtonUp

glutMouseFunc

Motion

With mouse press

Without

glutMotionFunc
glutPassiveMotionFunc

Window

Moving
Resizing

glutReshapeFunc

Events key press, mouse button press and

release, window resize, etc.

System

Idle
Timer

glutIdleFunc
glutTimerFunc

Your OpenGL program will be in infinite loop

Software What to draw

Input/Output
Wait until an event happens and then execute
some pre-defined functions according to the users
input

glutDisplayFunc
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GLUT Callback Functions

Rendering Callback

Callback function : Routine to call when an

event happens

Callback function where all our drawing is done

Every GLUT program must have a display callback

Window resize or redraw

User input (mouse, keyboard)
Animation (render many frames)

glutDisplayFunc( my_display_func );
/* this part is in main.c */
void my_display_func (void )
{
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glBegin( GL_TRIANGLE );
glVertex3fv( v[0] );
glVertex3fv( v[1] );
glVertex3fv( v[2] );
glEnd();
glFlush();
}

Register callbacks with GLUT

glutDisplayFunc( my_display_func );
glutIdleFunc( my_idle_func );
glutKeyboardFunc( my_key_events_func );
glutMouseFunc ( my_mouse_events_func );

Idle Callback Function

User Input Callbacks

Use for animation and continuous update

Can use glutTimerFunc or timed callbacks for animations

glutIdleFunc( idle );

Process user input (Keyboard/ Mouse)

glutKeyboardFunc( my_key_events ); // for keyboard
glutMouseFunc( my_mouse ); // for mouse
glutKeyboardFunc(void (*func)(unsigned char key, int x, int y))

glutIdleFunc(void (*func)(void)).
glutIdleFunc(MyidleFun);

glutKeyboardFunc sets the keyboard callback for the current window

void my_key_events (char key, int x, int y )
{
switch ( key )
{
case q :
case Q :
exit ( EXIT_SUCCESS);
break;
case r :
case R :
rotate = GL_TRUE;
break;
...
}
}

Function Name

void MyidleFun( void )

{
/* change something */
t += dt;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
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glutSpecialFunc

glutSpecialFunc Example

The new special callback function

sets the special keyboard callback for the
current window

void SpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y)

{
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
// Some functions
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
// Some functions
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
// Some functions
glutPostRedisplay();
}

GLUT_KEY_F1
GLUT_KEY_F2
GLUT_KEY_F3
GLUT_KEY_F4
GLUT_KEY_F5
GLUT_KEY_LEFT
GLUT_KEY_UP
GLUT_KEY_RIGHT

F1 function key.
F2 function key.
F3 function key.
F4 function key.
F5 function key.
Left directional key.
Up directional key.
Right directional key.

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE |
GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys);
glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}

Example

Mouse Callback
Captures mouse press and
glutMouseFunc( my_mouse );

Insert a keyboard function to display the

simple polygon with following optons

Left
Right
Up
Down
F1
F2
F3
F5

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Increase the width

Descries the width
Increase the height
Descries the height
Change the color as red
Change the color as blue
Change the color white
Set the default values

release events

void myMouse(int button, int state, int x, int y)

{
if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON)
{

}
}
Button
State
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GLUT LEFT BUTTON, GLUT MIDDLE BUTTON, or

GLUT RIGHT BUTTON.
GLUT_DOWN GLUT_UP
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Reshape

Example
void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y)
{
switch (button)
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE |
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
GLUT_RGB);
glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay);
glutInitWindowSize(250, 250);
break;
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
case GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON:
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
init();
glutIdleFunc(NULL);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
break;
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
default: break;
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
}
glutMainLoop();
}
return 0;
}

glutReshapeFunc(void (*func)(int w, int h))

indicates what action should be taken when the window is resized

Example
glutReshapeFunc(resize);
void resize(GLsizei w, GLsizei h)
{
if (h==0)
h=1;
// avoid div by 0
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if (w<=h)
glOrtho(0, 250, 0, 250*h/w, 1.0, -1.0);
else
glOrtho(0, 250*w/h, 0, 250, 1.0, -1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();

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Timer Function

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OpenGL Menu

glutTimerFunc registers a timer callback to be

triggered in a specified number of milliseconds

GLUT supports simple cascading pop-up menus

designed to let a user select various modes
within a program
pop-up menu facility with an attempt to create a
full-featured user interface
It is illegal to create, destroy, change, add, or
remove menu items while a menu are in use

Wait ms, value pass to call back function

void glutTimerFunc(unsigned int msecs, void
(*func)(int value), int value);
void TimerFunction(int value)
{
}
Main

glutTimerFunc(33, TimerFunction, 1);

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Menu Functions

Menu Functions

glutCreateMenu

glutRemoveMenuItem
glutRemoveMenuItem remove the specified menu
item.
void glutRemoveMenuItem(int entry);

glutCreateMenu creates a new pop-up menu.

int glutCreateMenu(void (*func)(int value));

glutAddSubMenu

glutAttachMenu

glutAddSubMenu adds a sub-menu trigger to the

bottom of the current menu.
void glutAddSubMenu(char *name, int menu);

glutAddMenuEntry

attaches a mouse button for the current window to

the identifier of the current menu;
void glutAttachMenu(int button);

glutDetachMenu
detaches an attached mouse button from the current
window.
void glutDetachMenu(int button);

glutAddMenuEntry adds a menu entry to the

bottom of the current menu
void glutAddMenuEntry(char *name, int value);
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Menu Example

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Window Management
GLUT supports two types of windows: top-level
windows and subwindows
glutCreateWindow

glutCreateMenu(ProcessMenu);
glutAddMenuEntry("Save Image",0);
glutAddMenuEntry("Draw Pixels",1);
glutAddMenuEntry("Flip Pixels",2);
glutAddMenuEntry("Zoom Pixels",3);

glutCreateWindow creates a top-level window.

int glutCreateWindow(char *name);

glutCreateSubWindow

glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);

glutCreateSubWindow creates a subwindow.

int glutCreateSubWindow(int win, int x, int y, int width, int
height);

void ProcessMenu(int value)

{
if(value == 0)
{
// TASK FOR 0 VALUE
}

glutSetWindow, glutGetWindow
glutSetWindow sets the current window;
glutGetWindow returns the identifier of the current
window.
void glutSetWindow(int win);
int glutGetWindow(void);

glutPostRedisplay();
}
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Window Management

Window Management

glutDestroyWindow

glutPositionWindow

glutDestroyWindow destroys the specified window.

void glutDestroyWindow(int win);

glutPostRedisplay

glutPositionWindow requests a change to the

position of the current window.
void glutPositionWindow(int x, int y);

glutReshapeWindow

glutPostRedisplay marks the current window as

needing to be redisplayed.
void glutPostRedisplay(void);

glutReshapeWindow requests a change to the size of

the current window.
void glutReshapeWindow(int width, int height);

glutSwapBuffers

glutFullScreen

glutSwapBuffers swaps the buffers of the current

window if double buffered.
void glutSwapBuffers(void);

glutFullScreen requests that the current window be

made full screen.
void glutFullScreen(void);

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Window Management

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Window Management

glutPopWindow, glutPushWindow
glutPopWindow and glutPushWindow change the stacking order
of the current window relative to its siblings.
void glutPopWindow(void);
void glutPushWindow(void);

glutSetWindowTitle, glutSetIconTitle
glutSetWindowTitle and glutSetIconTitlechange thewindow or
icon title respectively of the current top-level window.
void glutSetWindowTitle(char *name);
void glutSetIconTitle(char *name);

glutSetCursor

glutSetCursor changes the cursor image of the current

window.
void glutSetCursor(int cursor);
glutSetCursor(GLUT_CURSOR_NONE);

glutShowWindow, glutHideWindow, glutIconifyWindow

glutShowWindow, glutHideWindow, and glutIconifyWindow
change the display status of the current window.
void glutShowWindow(void);
void glutHideWindow(void);
void glutIconifyWindow(void);
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GLUT_CURSOR_RIGHT_ARROW
GLUT_CURSOR_LEFT
GLUT_CURSOR_INFO
GLUT_CURSOR_DESTROY.
GLUT_CURSOR_HELP
GLUT_CURSOR_CYCLE
GLUT_CURSOR_SPRAY
GLUT_CURSOR_WAIT
GLUT_CURSOR_NONE
GLUT_CURSOR_INHERIT
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