DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

100 SMART CITIES IN INDIA

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE
OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY: TARUN CHOPRA

(2K12/EP/073)

Declaration
I hereby declare that the work presented herein is genuine work done originally by me and has
not been published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of a degree programme. Any
literature, data or works done by others and cited within this dissertation has been given due
acknowledgement and listed in the reference section.

Signature of the candidate

(Tarun Chopra)

Acknowledgement
In the completion of this project report, we received encouragement and support from various
quarters, which need special mention.

We wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. S.C. SHARMA, (H.OD. Department of

Applied Physics) Delhi Technological University, who gave me this opportunity to prepare this
seminar report.

We are also thankful to all those people of Delhi Technological University, who helped us
directly/ indirectly during this period.

MERE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT MAY NOT REDEEM THE DEBT WE OWE TO

OUR PARENTS FOR THEIR DIRECT/INDIRECT SUPPORT DURING THE
ENTIRE COURSE OF THIS PROJECT.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
1. Chapter I
Introduction
Challenge of Urbanization
2. Chapter II
What is a Smart city?
Smart City Solutions
Smart City Features
3. Chapter III
An example: Songdo International Business District
4. Chapter IV
Smart City Mission of India: Coverage and Duration
5. Chapter V
Smart Cities selection process
6. Chapter VI
Implementation of SPVs
7. Chapter VII
Smart city partners
Government owned regional bodies that are managing smart city projects
Technology vendors that will be partnering with government
foreign countries looking for investment
8. Chapter VIII
Smart concept that have been implemented across pan India
Challenges
9. Chapter IX
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Across the world, the stride of migration from rural to urban areas is increasing. By 2050, about 70
per cent of the population will be living in cities, and India is no exception. It will need about 500
new cities to accommodate the influx.
Interestingly, urbanisation in India has for the longest time been viewed as a by-product of failed
regional planning. Though it is inevitable, and will only change when the benefits of urbanisation
overtake the costs involved, it is an opportunity for achieving faster growth.
With increasing urbanisation and the load on rural land, the government has now realised the need
for cities that can cope with the challenges of urban living and also be magnets for investment. The
announcement of 100 smart cities falls in line with this vision.
CHALLENGE OF URBANIZATION
Cities are engines of growth for the economy of every nation, including India. Nearly 31% of
Indias current population lives in urban areas and contributes 63% of Indias GDP (Census 2011).
With increasing urbanization, urban areas are expected to house 40% of Indias population and
contribute 75% of Indias GDP by 2030.
This requires comprehensive development of physical, institutional, social and economic
infrastructure.
All are important in improving the quality of life and attracting people and investments to the City,
setting in motion a virtuous cycle of growth and development. Development of Smart Cities is a step
in that direction.
WHAT IS A SMART CITY?

The first question is what is meant by a smart city. The answer is, there is no universally accepted
definition of a Smart City. It means different things to different people.
The conceptualization of Smart City, therefore, varies from city to city and country to country,
depending on the level of development, willingness to change and reform, resources and aspirations
of the city residents.
A Smart City would have a different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even in India, there is no
one-way of defining a Smart City.
SMART CITY SOLUTIONS
In the approach to the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core
infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and
application of Smart Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea
is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model, which will act like a light house to other
aspiring cities. The Smart Cities Mission of the Government is a bold, new initiative. It is meant to
set examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalyzing the creation of
similar Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the country.
The core infrastructure elements in a Smart City would include:
i.

adequate water supply,

ii.

assured electricity supply,

iii.

sanitation, including solid waste management

iv.

efficient urban mobility and public transport,

v.

affordable housing, especially for the poor,

vi.

robust IT connectivity and digitalization,

vii.

good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation,

viii.

sustainable environment,

ix.

safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly, and

x.

health and education.

Smart City Features

Some typical features of comprehensive development in Smart Cities are described below.
i.

Promoting mixed land use in area-based developments planning for unplanned areas
containing a range of compatible activities and land uses close to one another in order to
make land use more efficient. The States will enable some flexibility in land use and
building bye-laws to adapt to change;

ii.

Housing and inclusiveness expand housing opportunities for all;

iii.

Creating walkable localities reduce congestion, air pollution and resource depletion,
boost local economy, promote interactions and ensure security. The road network is

created or refurbished not only for vehicles and public transport, but also for pedestrians
and cyclists, and necessary administrative services are offered within walking or cycling
distance;
iv.

Preserving and developing open spaces parks, playgrounds, and recreational spaces in
order to enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat effects in Areas and
generally promote eco-balance;

v.

Promoting a variety of transport options Transit Oriented Development (TOD), public

transport and last mile para-transport connectivity;
a. Making governance citizen-friendly and cost effective increasingly rely on online
services to bring about accountability and transparency, especially using mobiles to
reduce cost of services and providing services without having to go to municipal
offices; form e-groups to listen to people and obtain feedback and use online
monitoring of programs and activities with the aid of cyber tour of worksites;

vi.

Giving an identity to the city based on its main economic activity, such as local
cuisine, health, education, arts and craft, culture, sports goods, furniture, hosiery, textile,
dairy, etc.:

vii.

Applying Smart Solutions to infrastructure and services in area-based development in

order to make them better. For example, making Areas less vulnerable to disasters, using
fewer resources, and providing cheaper services.

Songdo International Business District (Songdo IBD)

Songdo International Business District (Songdo IBD) is a new smart city built from scratch on 600
hectares (1,500 acres) of reclaimed land along Incheon's waterfront, 65 kilometres (40 mi) southwest
of Seoul,South Korea and connected to Incheon International Airport by a 12.3-kilometre (7.6 mi)
reinforced concrete highway bridge, called Incheon Bridge. Along with Yeongjong and Cheongna, it
is part of the Incheon Free Economic Zone.
The Songdo International Business District will feature the Northeast Asia Trade Tower and
the Incheon Tower. Schools, hospitals, apartments, office buildings and cultural amenities are to be
built in the district. Replicas of architectural hallmarks, including New York City's Central

Park and Venice's waterways, will also be incorporated. This 10-year development project is
estimated to cost in excess of $40 billion, making it one of the most expensive development projects
ever undertaken.
A small number of Japanese residents have sought to live in Songdo IBD after the Tohoku
earthquake

Ownership and design

Gale International, holds a majority stake of 61%, Posco 30%, and the remaining 9% is owned
by Morgan Stanley Real Estate.The plan was designed by the New York office of Kohn Pedersen Fox
(KPF). Infrastructure development, labor, and funding are also being provided by the city of
Incheon.

Development
Built on 600 hectares (1,500 acres) of land reclaimed from the Yellow Sea off Incheon, about 56
kilometres (35 mi) from the South's capital Seoul, Songdo district is the largest private real estate
development in history. By its completion date in 2015, the district was planned to contain 80,000
apartments, 5,000,000 square metres (50,000,000 sq ft) of office space and 900,000 square metres
(10,000,000 sq ft) of retail space.[5] The 65-floor Northeast Asia Trade Tower became South Korea's
tallest building. Computers have been built into the houses, streets, and offices as part of a wide area
network
The Songdo IBD was part of former President Lee Myung-baks effort to promote green and lowcarbon growth as an avenue for future development after 60 years of reliance on export-oriented
manufacturing. The nation launched a $38 billion economic stimulus package in January 2009, with
over 80% of the total earmarked for green investment. The Framework Act for Low Carbon Green
Growth, passed by Korea's National Assembly in 2010, increased this to $83.6 billion spanning five
years. Under this initiative, the Songdo IBD is being developed as a sustainable city with more than
40% of its area reserved for green space, including the park of 40 hectares (100 acres), 26 kilometres
(16 mi) of bicycling lanes, numerous charging stations for electric vehicles and a waste collection
system that eliminates the need for trash trucks. Also, it is the second city in the world to have all of
its major buildings in par or beyond LEEDs requirements, after Greensburg, Kansas

Three additional foreign university campus opened in 2014, for a total of four total universities
located within an international business district some 60 kilometres (40 mi) from Seoul, including the
first overseas university that opened in Korea, the State University of New York, Stony Brook.

TRANSPORT
Songdo IBD has untypically wide roads and has a higher number of bicycle paths and walkways.
Incheon Metro Line 1, serves by buses and the district with eight stations, some with elegant interiors
and interior sky-lit vistas. Although travel to Incheon International Airport is quick with the 12.3
km Incheon Bridge, transportation via subway to Seoul is less direct and requires multiple transfers
but two Red class commuter buses offer direct routes to the capital city.

SMART CITY MISSION OF INDIA

Coverage and Duration

The Mission will cover 100 cities and its duration will be five years (2015-16 to 2019-20). The
Mission may be continued thereafter in the light of an evaluation to be done by the Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD) and incorporating the learning into the Mission.

Strategy
The strategic components of Area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are city
improvement (retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension (greenfield
development) plus a Pan-city initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger parts of
the city. Below are given the descriptions of the three models of Area-based Smart.

City Development:

Retrofitting will introduce planning in an existing built-up area to achieve Smart City
objectives, along with other objectives, to make the existing area more efficient and livable.
In retrofitting, an area consisting of more than 500 acres will be identified by the city in
consultation with citizens. Depending on the existing level of infrastructure services in the
identified area and the vision of the residents, the cities will prepare a strategy to become
smart. Since existing structures are largely to remain intact in this model, it is expected that

more intensive infrastructure service levels and a large number of smart applications will be
packed into the retrofitted Smart City. This strategy may also be completed in a shorter time
frame, leading to its replication in another part of the city.

Redevelopment will effect a replacement of the existing built-up environment and enable cocreation of a new layout with enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and increased
density. Redevelopment envisages an area of more than 50 acres, identified by Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs) in consultation with citizens. For instance, a new layout plan of the identified
area will be prepared with mixed land-use, higher FSI and high ground coverage. Two
examples of the redevelopment model are the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in Mumbai
(also called the Bhendi Bazaar Project) and the redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar in New
Delhi being undertaken by the National Building Construction Corporation.

Greenfield development will introduce most of the Smart Solutions in a previously vacant
area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning, plan financing and plan
implementation tools (e.g.
pooling/ land reconstitution) with provision for affordable
housing, especially for the poor. Greenfield developments are required around cities in order
to address the needs of the expanding population. One well known example is the GIFT City
in Gujarat. Unlike retrofitting and redevelopment, greenfield developments could be located
either within the limits of the ULB or within the limits of the local Urban Development
Authority (UDA).

Pan-city development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to the existing citywide infrastructure. Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology,
information and data to make infrastructure and services better. For example, applying Smart
Solutions in the transport sector (intelligent traffic management system) and reducing average
commute time or cost to citizens will have positive effects on productivity and quality of life
of citizens. Another example can be waste water recycling and smart metering which can
make a substantial contribution to better water management in the city.

Smart Cities Selection Process

Different steps in the selection of Smart Cities are given below.

How Many Smart Cities in Each State/UT?
i)

The total number of 100 Smart Cities has been distributed among the States and UTs on
the basis of equitable criteria. The formula gives equal weightage (50:50) to urban
population of the State/UT and the number of statutory towns in the State/UT. Based on
this formula, each State/UT will, therefore, have a certain number of potential Smart
Cities, with each State/ UT having at least one. This distribution is given in Annexure 2.
The number of potential Smart Cities from each State/UT will be capped at the indicated
number. (This distribution formula has also been used for allocation of funds under Atal
Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation - AMRUT).

ii)

The distribution of Smart Cities will be reviewed after two years of the implementation of
the Mission. Based on an assessment of the performance of States/ULBs in the Challenge,
some re-allocation of the remaining potential Smart Cities among States may be required
to be done by MoUD.

The Process of Selection of Smart Cities

Each aspiring city competes for selection as a Smart City in what is called a City Challenge. There
are two stages in the selection process. After the number has been indicated to the respective Chief
Secretaries, as outlined in above, the State/UT will undertake the following steps:i)

Stage 1 of the competition: Shortlisting of cities by States

The State/UT begins with shortlisting the potential Smart Cities on the basis of conditions
precedent and scoring criteria and in accordance with the total number allocated to it. The
first stage of the competition will be intra-state, in which cities in the State will compete on
the conditions precedent and the scoring criteria laid out. These conditions precedent have to
be met by the potential cities to succeed in the first round of competition and the highest
scoring potential Smart Cities will be shortlisted and recommended to participate in Stage 2
of the Challenge. The conditions precedent and the forms are given in the Annexure 3. The
information sent by the ULBs in the forms has to be evaluated by the State Mission Director
and the evaluation placed before the State-level High Powered Steering Committee (HPSC)
for approval. The cities emerging successful in the first round of competition will be sent by
the State/UT as the recommended shortlist of Smart Cities to MoUD by the stipulated date (to
be indicated in the letter to Chief Secretaries). The State Government has to fill the form
(given in Annexure 3) and send with the recommended list. The MoUD will thereafter
announce the list of 100 Smart Cities.

ii)

Stage 2 of the competition: The Challenge round for selection

In the second stage of the competition, each of the potential 100 Smart Cities prepare their
proposals for participation in the City Challenge. This is a crucial stage as each citys Smart
City 12 Proposal is expected to contain the model chosen, whether retrofitting or
redevelopment or greenfield development or a mix thereof, and additionally include a PanCity dimension with Smart Solutions. The SCP will also outline the consultations held with
the city residents and other stakeholders, how the aspirations are matched with the vision
contained in the SCP and importantly, what is the proposal for financing of the Smart City
plan including the revenue model to attract private participation. An evaluation criteria for the
SCPs has been worked out by MoUD based on professional advice and this should act as
guidance to the cities for preparing their proposal. The criteria and the documents to be sent
with the application are given in Annexure-4.
iii)

By a stipulated date, to be indicated by MoUD to the States/UTs, proposals will be submitted

to MoUD for all these 100 cities. A Committee involving a panel of national and international
experts, organizations and institutions, will evaluate these. MoUD will announce the winners
of the first round of Challenge. Thereafter, while the winning cities start taking action on
making their city smart, those who do not get selected will start work on improving their
SCPs for consideration in the second round. Depending on the nature of the SCPs and
outcomes of the first round of the Challenge, the MoUD may decide to provide handholding
assistance to the potential Smart Cities to upgrade their proposals before starting the second
round

Implementation by Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)

The implementation of the Mission at the City level will be done by a Special Purpose
Vehicle (SPV) created for the purpose. The SPV will plan, appraise, approve, release funds,
implement, Manage, operate, monitor and evaluate the Smart City development projects.
Each Smart City will have a SPV which will be headed by a full time CEO and have
nominees of Central Government, State Government and ULB on its Board. The
States/ULBs shall ensure that, (a) a dedicated and substantial revenue stream is made
available to the SPV so as to make it self sustainable and could evolve its own credit
worthiness for raising additional resources from the market and (b) Government contribution
for Smart City is used only to create infrastructure that has public benefit outcomes. The
execution of projects may be done through joint ventures, subsidiaries, public-private
partnership (PPP), turnkey contracts, etc. suitably dovetailed with revenue streams.

The SPV will be a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 at the citylevel, in which the State/UT and the ULB will be the promoters having 50:50 equity

shareholding. The private sector or financial institutions could be considered for taking equity
stake in the SPV, provided the shareholding pattern of 50:50 of the State/UT and the ULB is
maintained and the State/UT and the ULB together have majority shareholding and control of
the SPV.

Funds provided by the Government of India in the Smart Cities Mission to the SPV will be in the
form of tied grant and kept in a separate Grant Fund.

SMART CITY PARTNERS

The launch of three mega urban schemes in India, i.e., Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), and Housing for All in urban areas, will set in
motion the process of urban transformation to enable better living. MoUD is organizing smart cities
expo to attract investors from all across the Globe.

Here's the timeline of the countries showing their intent to join the Modi
mission:
August 30, 2014: Japan signed an MoU with India to develop Varanasi into 'smart city' by using the
experience of Kyoto, the 'smart city' of Japan
November 14, 2014: Singapore expressed interest to help India make a "good decision" in realising
its ambitious plan to develop 100 smart cities across the country
December 15, 2014: Canada decided to help India in building smart cities and achieving its target of
housing for all by offering wooden multi-storey housing technology
January 26, 2015: United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) signed agreements to
provide technical and financial assistance to develop Allahabad, Ajmer and Vishakhapatnam as smart
cities
January 29, 2015: Germany also signed up to help India develop three more smart cities. A sixmember joint committee was set up to evolve in three months a way forward including identification
of three cities to be taken for making them smart, projects to be taken up with German assistance,
etc.
April 10, 2015: France President Francois Hollande announced that France will invest 2 billion
Euros in India and help in the development of three smart cities in India, including Pondicherry and
Nagpur.
April 27, 2015: Spain proposed to cooperate with India in developing smart and sustainable cities in
the country and presented a draft of a memorandum of understanding in this regard.
Apart from these nations, Chinese President Xi Jinping is understood to be keen on investing $100
billion in India in the next five years in fast trains and smart cities.
Government owned regional bodies that are managing smart city projects

Technology vendors are partnering with Government to assist the mission of smart cities

Challenges
The concept is not without challenges, especially in India. For instance, the success of such a city
depends on residents, entrepreneurs and visitors becoming actively involved in energy saving and
implementation of new technologies. There are many ways to make residential, commercial and
public spaces sustainable by ways of technology, but a high percentage of the total energy use is still
in the hands of end users and their behavior. Also, there is the time factor such cities can
potentially take anything between 20 and 30 years to build.

REFRENCES
WWW.SMARTCITIES.GOV.IN
WWW.SMARTCITIESINDIA.COM
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM