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Matlab Script for Generating a simple 2D

structured and unstructured mesh
Research June 2015
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2092.5603

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Mayur Pal
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Matlab Code Creating a 2-D Simple Mesh Structured and Unstructured

Matlab Code Starts Here: For usage Copy and Paste

function [nodes,xnod,ynod,bnod] = main(nrefine)

% function [nodes,xnod,ynod,nele,tri] = main(nrefine)

% Input Argument: nrefine ===> No of speficied mesh refinements
% Output Arguments
% nodes : Mesh Connectivity
% xnod : coloumn vector containing X - coordinates of the mesh
% ynod : coloumn vector containing Y - coordinates of the mesh
% nele : total no of mesh elements in case of quad mesh
% tri
: total no of mesh elements in case of triangular mesh
% Function Created by M.Pal 12th March 07
% Copyright M.Pal @ Meshzen
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Creating Input Data file:
%
%
20____21_____22______23______24
% !
!
!
!
!
% !
!
!
!
!
%15!______!16____!17_____!18_____!19
% !
!
!
!
%11!______!12
13!_______!14
% !
!
!
!
% !6_____!_7____8______9!_______!10
% !
!
!
!
!
% !
!
!
!
!
% !______!______!_______!_______!
% 1
2
3
4
5
% To draw a mesh on above domain 4 input file have to be created
% xnod.dat ; ynod.dat; nodes.dat; bnod.dat
% xnod contains nodal coordinates in x direction for the above domain
% ynod contains nodal coordinates in y direction for the above domain
% nodes contains nodal connectivity of the elements
% bnod contain values 0 and 1, 0 is the node is inside the domain and 1
% if the node is on the bounday of the domain.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
close all;
clc;
nrefine = 4;
disp('Generating Mesh')
[nodes,xnod,ynod,bnod,nele,nno] = readquad;

%initial quadrilateral mesh

for i=1:nrefine
%refine mesh
[nodes,bnod,xnod,ynod] = refine(nodes,bnod,xnod,ynod);
end
nele = size(nodes,1);nno = length(xnod);
figure;
plotmesh(xnod,ynod,nodes)

title(['Quad mesh containing ',num2str(nele), ' mesh elements']);

tri = triangulate(xnod,ynod,nodes);
%triangulate
figure;
plotmesh(xnod,ynod,tri);
title(['Triangular mesh containing ',num2str(length(tri)), ' mesh
elements']);
figure;
[tri1,xnod,ynod] = triangulate_delaunay(xnod,ynod,nodes,bnod);
plotmesh(xnod,ynod,tri1);
title(['Triangular mesh using delaunay containing
',num2str(length(tri1)), ' mesh elements']);
clear;
disp('exit')
function [t] = eliminate_tri(cg,xnod,ynod,bnod,boundary_nodes,tri);
% function [t] = eliminate_tri(cg,xnod,ynod,bnod,boundary_nodes);
% Output Argument: ==> t
: Triangular Elementds to be eliminated as
%
they lie outside the domain.
%
% Input Arguments:
% nodes : Mesh Connectivity.
% xnod : coloumn vector containing X - coordinates of the mesh.
% ynod : coloumn vector containing Y - coordinates of the mesh.
% boundary_nodes: coloumn vector containing boundary nodes numbering.
% cg
: vector containing the x and y coordinates of cg of triangles.
% Function Created by M.Pal 12th March 07
% Copyright M.Pal @ Meshzen
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This function has to be improved for every domain.
t = [find(((cg(:,1) > 0.25)&(cg(:,1) < 0.75))&((cg(:,2) > 0.25)&(cg(:,2)
< 0.75)))]; % finds the index of the triangle to be eliminated
function nodesn = meshtest(nodes,xnod,ynod)
%
% nodesn = meshtest(nodes,xnod,ynod)
%
% applies different test in order to ensure that the quadrilateral mesh
% given by the data is admissible. Note: nodesn differs from nodes only if
% some elements are not numbered counterclockwise. In nodesn, all
% quadrilaterals are numbered counterclockwise.
%
%
if ~all(nodes(:,1)-nodes(:,2))
error('Degenerated quadrilaterals
end
if ~all(nodes(:,1)-nodes(:,3))
error('Degenerated quadrilaterals
end
if ~all(nodes(:,1)-nodes(:,4))
error('Degenerated quadrilaterals
end
if ~all(nodes(:,2)-nodes(:,3))
error('Degenerated quadrulaterals
end
if ~all(nodes(:,2)-nodes(:,4))

...')
...')
...')
...')

error('Degenerated quadrilaterals ...')

end
if ~all(nodes(:,3)-nodes(:,4))
error('Degenerated quadrilaterals ...')
end
nele = size(nodes,1);
for i = 1:nele
ind = nodes(i,[1,2,3]);
j = nodes(i,4);
b = [xnod(ind)';ynod(ind)';ones(1,3)];
if all(b\[xnod(j);ynod(j);1] > -1e-5) % This is a safety value!!
error('Nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
ind = nodes(i,[1,2,4]);
j = nodes(i,3);
b = [xnod(ind)';ynod(ind)';ones(1,3)];
if all(b\[xnod(j);ynod(j);1] > -1e-5)
error('Nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
ind = nodes(i,[1,3,4]);
j = nodes(i,2);
b = [xnod(ind)';ynod(ind)';ones(1,3)];
if all(b\[xnod(j);ynod(j);1] > -1e-5)
error('Nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
ind = nodes(i,[2,3,4]);
j = nodes(i,1);
b = [xnod(ind)';ynod(ind)';ones(1,3)];
if all(b\[xnod(j);ynod(j);1] > -1e-5)
error('Nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
end
for i = 1:nele
i1 = nodes(i,1);
i2 = nodes(i,2);
i3 = nodes(i,3);
i4 = nodes(i,4);
b = [xnod(i1)-xnod(i3),xnod(i2)-xnod(i4); ...
ynod(i1)-ynod(i3),ynod(i2)-ynod(i4)];
if rcond(b) > 1e-14
% This is a safety factor!!
x = b\[xnod(i4)-xnod(i3);ynod(i4)-ynod(i3)];
if all(x >= 0) & all(x <= 1)
error('Severely nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
end
i1 = nodes(i,2);
i2 = nodes(i,3);
i3 = nodes(i,4);
i4 = nodes(i,1);
b = [xnod(i1)-xnod(i3),xnod(i2)-xnod(i4); ...
ynod(i1)-ynod(i3),ynod(i2)-ynod(i4)];
if rcond(b) > 1e-14
% This is a safety factor!!
x = b\[xnod(i4)-xnod(i3);ynod(i4)-ynod(i3)];
if all(x >= 0) & all(x <= 1)
error('Severely nonconvex quadrilateral ...')
end
end
end

for i = 1:nele
ind = nodes(i,[1,2,3]);
if det([xnod(ind)';ynod(ind)';ones(1,3)]) < 0
warning('Introducing positive orientation ....')
nodes(i,:) = nodes(i,[1,3,2,4]);
end
end
% Testing of planarity. The above tests are assumed to be successful!
nno = max(max(nodes));
M = 10*nele+1;
htable = zeros(M,1);
nodesn = [nodes,nodes(:,1)];
for k = 1:nele
for i = 1:4
key = nodesn(k,i)+(nno-1)*nodesn(k,i+1);
pos = key - M*floor(key/M)+1;
while 1
switch htable(pos)
case 0
htable(pos) = key;
break
case key
error('Double edge ...')
otherwise
pos = pos+1;
if pos > M
pos = 1;
end
end
end
end
end
nodesn = nodes;
function plotmesh(xnod,ynod,nodes,fkt)
%
% plotmesh(xnod,ynod,nodes,fkt)
%
%
plotmesh plots an unstrucured grid in 2D
%
%
nn = nodes(:); % nodes in a long list
xx = xnod(nn); yy = ynod(nn); %coordinates corresponding to nodes
zz = fkt(nn);
xplot = reshape(xx,size(nodes));
yplot = reshape(yy,size(nodes));
zplot = reshape(zz,size(nodes));
clf;
axis equal;
%
fill(xplot',yplot','w');
fill3(xplot',yplot',zplot',zplot')
function plotmesh(xnod,ynod,nodes)
%
% plotmesh(xnod,ynod,nodes)
%
%
plotmesh plots an unstrucured grid in 2D
%

%
nn = nodes(:); % nodes in a long list
xx = xnod(nn); yy = ynod(nn); %coordinates corresponding to nodes
xplot = reshape(xx,size(nodes));
yplot = reshape(yy,size(nodes));
%
zplot = 0.001*sin(2*pi*xplot).*cos(2*pi*yplot);
clf;
axis equal;
fill(xplot',yplot','w');
%
fill3(xplot',yplot',zplot',zplot')
function [nodes,xnod,ynod,bnod,nele,nnot] = readq(ext)
% function [nodes,xnod,ynod,bnod,nele,nnot] = readq(ext)
% Input Argument: nrefine ===> Read the quadrilateral mesh from the files
'xcoor', 'ycoor', 'bnode',
% 'nodes'. The file 'nodes' contains the nodes rowwise, i.e. first the
four
% nodes of the first element, then the four nodes of the second element
% and so on. The argument ext contains the file extension if present.
% If ext='foo', the files to be read are 'xcoor.foo' and so on.
%
%
%
%
%
%
%

Output Arguments
nodes : Mesh Connectivity
xnod : coloumn vector containing X - coordinates of the mesh
ynod : coloumn vector containing Y - coordinates of the mesh
bnod : Boundary node
nele : total no of mesh elements in case of quad mesh
nnot : total no of nodes

% Function Created by M.Pal 12th March 07

% Copyright M.Pal @ Meshzen
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ex = '';
if nargin > 0
ex = ['.',ext];
end
xnod = dlmread(['xcoor',ex]);
ynod = dlmread(['ycoor',ex]);
bnod = dlmread(['bnode',ex]);
nno = length(xnod);
if length(ynod) ~= nno | length(bnod) ~= nno
error('Global coordinates errorneous ...')
end
if ~all(bnod == 0 | bnod == 1)
error('Wrong boundary indicator ...')
end
nodes = dlmread(['nodes',ex]);
nele = floor(length(nodes(:))/4);
if nele*4 ~= length(nodes(:))
error('Wrong number of numbers in nodes ...')
end
nodes = reshape(nodes,[4,nele])';
nodes = meshtest(nodes,xnod,ynod);
% Compute the correct number of nodes
tv = zeros(size(xnod));
for i = 1:4
tv(nodes(:,i)) = 1;

end
nnot = sum(tv);
% Eliminate unused nodes
if nnot ~= nno
iv = find(tv);
xnod = xnod(iv);
ynod = ynod(iv);
bnod = bnod(iv);
p = zeros(1,nno);
p(iv) = 1:nnot;
nodes = p(nodes);
end
function [nodesn,bnodn,xnodn,ynodn] = refine(nodes,bnode,xnod,ynod)
%
% [nodesn,bnodn,xnodn,ynodn] = refine(nodes,bnod,xnod,ynod)
%
% refines a quadrilateral mesh once.
%
nele = size(nodes,1);
nno = length(xnod);
nbn = sum(bnode);
nnon = nno+3*nele+nbn/2;
nelen = 4*nele;
nodesn = zeros(nelen,4);
bnodn = zeros(nnon,1);
xnodn = zeros(nnon,1);
ynodn = zeros(nnon,1);
bnodn(1:nno) = bnode;
xnodn(1:nno) = xnod;
ynodn(1:nno) = ynod;
sum_1 = ones(1,4)/4.;
check = sparse(1,1,0,nno,nno,10*nno);
idxn = 1;
nno = nno+1;
for iel = 1:nele
%

new nodes
iv = nodes(iel,:);
xnodn(nno) = sum_1*xnod(iv);
ynodn(nno) = sum_1*ynod(iv);
nodmid = nno;
nno = nno+1;
if check(iv(1),iv(2)) == 0
xnodn(nno) = (xnod(iv(1))+xnod(iv(2)))/2.;
ynodn(nno) = (ynod(iv(1))+ynod(iv(2)))/2.;
check(iv(1),iv(2)) = nno; check(iv(2),iv(1)) = nno;
if bnodn(iv(1)) == 1 & bnodn(iv(2)) == 1
bnodn(nno) = 1;
end
nno = nno+1;
end
if check(iv(3),iv(2)) == 0
xnodn(nno) = (xnod(iv(3))+xnod(iv(2)))/2.;
ynodn(nno) = (ynod(iv(3))+ynod(iv(2)))/2.;
check(iv(3),iv(2)) = nno; check(iv(2),iv(3)) = nno;

if bnodn(iv(3)) == 1 & bnodn(iv(2)) == 1

bnodn(nno) = 1;
end
nno = nno+1;
end
if check(iv(3),iv(4)) == 0
xnodn(nno) = (xnod(iv(3))+xnod(iv(4)))/2.;
ynodn(nno) = (ynod(iv(3))+ynod(iv(4)))/2.;
check(iv(3),iv(4)) = nno; check(iv(4),iv(3)) = nno;
if bnodn(iv(3)) == 1 & bnodn(iv(4)) == 1
bnodn(nno) = 1;
end
nno = nno+1;
end
if check(iv(1),iv(4)) == 0
xnodn(nno) = (xnod(iv(1))+xnod(iv(4)))/2.;
ynodn(nno) = (ynod(iv(1))+ynod(iv(4)))/2.;
check(iv(1),iv(4)) = nno; check(iv(4),iv(1)) = nno;
if bnodn(iv(1)) == 1 & bnodn(iv(4)) == 1
bnodn(nno) = 1;
end
nno = nno+1;
end
ivn = [iv(1) check(iv(1),iv(2)) nodmid check(iv(1),iv(4))];
nodesn(idxn,:) = ivn;
ivn = [check(iv(1),iv(2)) iv(2) check(iv(2),iv(3)) nodmid];
nodesn(idxn+1,:) = ivn;
ivn = [nodmid check(iv(3),iv(2)) iv(3) check(iv(3),iv(4))];
nodesn(idxn+2,:) = ivn;
ivn = [check(iv(1),iv(4)) nodmid check(iv(3),iv(4)) iv(4)];
nodesn(idxn+3,:) = ivn;
idxn = idxn+4;
end
%

meshtest(nodesn,xnodn,ynodn);

function tri = triangulate(xnod,ynod,nodes)

%
% tri = triangulate(xnod,ynod,nodes)
%
%
triangulate the quadrilateral mesh
%
nele = size(nodes,1);
tri = zeros(3,2*nele)';
iv = [];
ii1 = [2 3 1];
jj1 = [4 1 3];
ii2 = [1 2 4];
jj2 = [2 3 4];
nrtri = 0;
for iel = 1:nele
iv = nodes(iel,:);
d1 = norm([xnod(iv(1))-xnod(iv(3));ynod(iv(1))-ynod(iv(3))]);
d2 = norm([xnod(iv(2))-xnod(iv(4));ynod(iv(2))-ynod(iv(4))]);
if d1 < d2

nrtri = nrtri+1;
tri(nrtri,:) = iv(ii1);
nrtri = nrtri+1;
tri(nrtri,:) = iv(jj1);
else
nrtri = nrtri+1;
tri(nrtri,:) = iv(ii2);
nrtri = nrtri+1;
tri(nrtri,:) = iv(jj2);
end
end
function [tri,xnod,ynod] = triangulate_delaunay(xnod,ynod,nodes,bnod);

% function [tri] = triangulate_delaunay(xnod,ynod,nodes);

% Output Argument: ==> tri
: Total no
triangular mesh
%
xnod : modified
%
ynod : modified
% Input Arguments
% nodes : Mesh Connectivity
% xnod : coloumn vector containing X % ynod : coloumn vector containing Y -

of mesh elements in case of

nodal values in x
nodal values in y
coordinates of the mesh
coordinates of the mesh

% Function Created by M.Pal 12th March 07

% Copyright M.Pal @ Meshzen
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

tri = delaunay(xnod,ynod);
% calling matlab delaunay function
v1=tri(:,1);
v2=tri(:,2);
v3=tri(:,3);
d = (xnod(v2)-xnod(v1)).*(ynod(v3)-ynod(v1)) - (xnod(v3)ynod(v1)).*(ynod(v2)-ynod(v1));
% rearranging delaunay tessellations
rvrs = d>0;
tri(rvrs,:)=[tri(rvrs,1) tri(rvrs,3) tri(rvrs,2)];
% Testting critera to eleminate triangles generated on empty region by
% delaunay

% calculate centroid of the triangles

Cg =
[(xnod(tri(:,1))+xnod(tri(:,2))+xnod(tri(:,3)))/3,(ynod(tri(:,1))+ynod(tri(
:,2))+ynod(tri(:,3)))/3];
boundary_nodes = [find(bnod==1)];
% finding boundary nodes
[t] = eliminate_tri(Cg,xnod,ynod,bnod,boundary_nodes,tri); % function
returns the triangles to be eliminated.
tri(t,:)=[];
% finds the index of the triangle to be
eliminated
numx = length(xnod);
numy = length(ynod);
X_rand = (rand(length(xnod)))/((numx)); % Generate random Perturbation
in x

Y_rand = (rand(length(ynod)))/((numx)); % Generate random Perturbation

in y
X_rand = X_rand(:,1);
values
Y_rand = Y_rand(:,1);
x_boundary = xnod(boundary_nodes);
y_boundary = ynod(boundary_nodes);
xnod = xnod+X_rand;
ynod = ynod+Y_rand;
xnod(boundary_nodes)=x_boundary;
intact
ynod(boundary_nodes)=y_boundary;

% Removing unnecessary
% storing boundary nodes
% adding perturbation
% keeping boundary nodes

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% INPUT FILES
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%bnode%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% copy lines below and save in bnode.txt
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
%nodes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% save as nodes.txt lines below
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1
2
7
6
2
3
8
7
3
4

9
8
4
5
10
9
6
7
12
11
9
10
14
13
11
12
16
15
13
14
19
18
15
16
21
20
16
17
22
21
17
18
23
22
18
19
24
23
%xcoor%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% save as xcoor.txt lines below
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
0.0
0.25
0.75
1.0
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
0.0

0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
%ycoor%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% save as ycoor.txt lines below
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

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