GSM and GPSbased Vehicle TrackingSystem

ABSTRACT
A

vehicletrackingsystemcombinesthe

installation

of

anelectronicdeviceinavehicle,orfleetvehicles,withpurposedesignedcomputersoftwaretoenabletheownerorathirdpartytotrackthevehicleslo
cation,collectingdataintheprocess.Modernvehicletrackingsystemscommonlyu
seGlobalPositioning
System(GPS)technologyforlocatingthevehicle,butothertypesofautomaticvehi
clelocationtechnologycanalsobeused.Vehicleinformationcanbeviewedonelectr
onicmapsviatheInternetorspecializedsoftware.Inthemaintheyareeasytosteal,and
theaveragemotoristhasverylittle
knowledgeofwhatitisallabout.Toavoidthiskindofstealwearegoingtoimplementa
systemitprovidesmoresecuritytothevehicle.ExistingSystem:Intheprevioussyste
msecuritylockandalarmisimplementedinacar.Ifaburglarcanbreakopenthelock,t
henitbecomeseasy

fortheburglartostealthecar.Andinoldsecuritysystemifthe

carisstolenthen

it

isoutoftheownercontrol.Userdoesnthaveanyawarenessaboutthecurrentlocatio
nofthevehicle.TheProposedSystem:TheRFtransmitterisattachedwiththevehic
lewhichhasits

ownidentification.This

datawillbecontinuouslytransmittedtotheRFreceiverconnectedtothemicrocontr
oller.ThisGPSwillbelocationthepositionofvehicleandtransmitthatdatatothemic
rocontroller.SupposetheRFreceivernotreceivingsignalfromthetransmittingunit,
receiverunit
sendthesignaltothemicrocontroller,fromthatw ecanidentifythetheft.Ifthevehicl
eistheftitautomaticallysendslocationofthe
vehicletoitsownerasaSMSthroughGSMmodem.Thiswillbeamuchsimplerandlo
wcosttechniquecomparedtoothers.
IfapasswordlikeSMSissentbytheowner,itautomaticallystops the vehicle.

Sri VenkateswaraInstitute of Technology

Page1

Contents
1 Introduction

2 HistoryofVehicleTracking

2.1 EarlyTechnology.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 HardwareDesign
3.1 GSMSpecifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

7
8
8

3.1.1

Frequency......................................................................8

3.1.2

Modulation................................................................... 8

3.1.3

AccessMethods.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.4

TransmissionRate .........................................................8

3.1.5

Frequency Band.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.6

ChannelSpacing...........................................................9

3.1.7

SpeechCoding..............................................................9

3.1.8

DuplexDistance............................................................9

3.2 GSMModem.............................................................9
3.3 GPSReceiver........................................................................... 11
3.4 ReceiverFeatures:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

11

3.5 WorkingofGPS....................................................................... 12
4 Methodology
4.1 Working.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

13
13

4.2 BlockDiagramanditsDescription............................................ 13
4.3 ConceptandOverview........................................................... 15
5 Applications

16

6 AdvantagesandDisadvantages

17

6.1 Advantages............................................................................. 17
6.2 Disadvantages..........................................................18
7 ConclusionandFutureScope

19

7.1 Conclusion................................................................. 19
7.2 FutureScope............................................................................. 19
References

20

List of Figures
1.1

GPStrackingofvehicle. . . . . . . . .

3.
Generalblockdiagram of GSMmodem
.
.
.
1
1
0
3.
GSM modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
1
2
0
3.
GPSreceiver ..... .........
.
.
.
1
3
1
4.1 Blockdiagram of vehicle trackingsystemusingGPSand GSM...................13

Chapter1
Introduction

VehicleTrackingSystem(VTS)isthetechnologyusedtodeterminethelocationofave
hicleusingdifferentmethodslikeGPSandotherradionavigationsystemsoperatingthroughs
atellitesandgroundbasedstations.Byfollowingtriangulationor trilateration methods the
tracking
systemenables
tocalculate
easyandaccuratelocationofthevehicle.Vehicleinformationlikelocationdetails,speed,andd
istancetraveledetc.CanbeviewedonadigitalmappingwiththehelpofsoftwareviaInternet.E
vendatacanbestoredanddownloadedtoacomputerfromtheGPSunitatabasestation andthat
canlater
be
usedforanalysis.This
systemisanimportanttoolfortrackingeachvehicleatagivenperiodoftimeandnowitisbecom
ingincreasinglypopularforpeoplehavingexpensivecarsandhenceasatheftpreventionandre
trievaldevice.

Figure1.1: GPStrackingofvehicle

i. Thesystemconsistsofmodernhardwareandsoftwarecomponentsenablingonetotracktheir
vehicleonlineoroffline.Anyvehicletrackingsystemconsistsofmainlythreepartsmobileveh
icleunit,fixedbasedstationand,databaseandsoftwaresystem.
ii.

Veh i c l eUnit:Itisthehardwarec o mp o n e n tattachedtothevehiclehavingeitheraGPS/

iii. FixedBasedStation:Consists
ofawirelessnetworkto
receiveand
forwardthedatatothedatacenter.Basestationsareequippedwithtrackingsoftwareandgeogr
aphicmapusefulfordeterminingthevehiclelocation.Maps
ofeverycityandlandmarksareavailableinthebasedstationthathasanin-builtWebServer.
iv. DatabaseandSoftware:Thepositioninformationorthecoordinatesofeachvisitingpoint
sarestoredinadatabase,whichlatercanbeviewedinadisplayscreenusingdigitalmaps.Howe
ver,theusershavetoconnectthemselvestothewebserverwiththerespectivevehicleIDstoredi
nthedatabaseandonlythens/hecanviewthelocationofvehicletravelled.

Chapter2
HistoryofVehicleTracking
GPSorGlobalPositioningSystemsweredesignedbytheUnitedStatesGover
nmentandmilitary,whichthedesignwasintendedtobeusedassurveillance.Afterseveralyear
swentbythegovernmentsignedatreatytoallowcivilianstobuyGPSunitsalsoonlythecivilian
swouldgetprecisedowngradedratings.YearsaftertheGlobalPositioningSystemsweredeve
lopedthemilitarycontrolledthesystemsdespitethatcivilianscouldstillpurchasetheminstore
s.Inaddition,despitethatEuropehasdesigneditsownsystemscalledtheGalileotheUSmilitar
ystillhascompletecontrol.GPSunitsarealsocalledtrackingdevicesthatarequitecostlystill.
AsmoreofthesedevicesdevelophoweverthemoreaffordabletheGPScanbepurchased.Desp
iteoftheinnovativetechnologyanddesignsoftheGPStodaythedeviceshasseensomenotable
changesorreductionsinpricing.Companiesnowhavemoreaccesstothesedevicesandmanyo
fthecompaniescanfindbenefits.Thesedaysyoucanpay-asyougoorleaseaGPSsystemforyourcompany.Thismeansyoudonothavetoworryaboutspen
dingupfrontmoney,whichoncestoppedcompaniesfrominstallingtheGlobalpositioningsys
temsatonetime.TodaysGPSapplicationshavevastlydevelopedaswell.Itispossibletouseth
eGlobalPositioningSystemstodesignexpensereports,createtimesheets,orreducethecosts
offuelconsumption.Youcanalsousethetrackingdevicestoincreaseefficiencyofemployeed
riving.TheGPSunitallowsyoutocreateGeoFencesaboutadesignatedlocation,whichgivesyoualertsonceyourdriver(s)passesthrough.
Thismeansyouhaveaddedsecuritycombinedwithmorepowerfulcustomersupportforyour
workers.TodaysGPSunitsaregreattracking
devicesthathelpfleetmanagersstayincontroloftheirbusiness.TheapplicationsintodaysGP
Sunitsmakeitpossibletotakefullcontrolofyourcompany.Itisclearthatthetrackingdevicesof
fermanybenefitstocompanies,sinceyoucanbuildautomatedexpensereportsanytime.GPSu
nitsdomorethanjustallowcompaniestocreatereports.Thesedevicesalsohelptoputanendtot
hieves.Accordingtorecentreports,crimeisatahigh,whichmeansthatcartheftisincreasing.If
youhavetherightGPSunit,youcanputanendtocartheftsbecauseyoucanlockandunlockyour
caranytimeyouchoose.GPSaresmalltrackingdevicesthatareinstalledinyourcaranditwills
upplyyouwithfeedbackdatafromtrackingsoftwarethatloadsfromasatellite.Thisgivesyoumo
recontroloveryourvehicles.Thechiefreasonforcompaniestoinstalltrackingdevicesistomo
nitortheirmobileworkforce.Apreventivemeasuredeviceallowscompaniestomonitortheir
employeesactivities.Companyworkerscannolongertakeyourvehiclestounassignedlocati
ons. Theywillnotbeabletogetawaywithunauthorized

activitiesatanytimebecauseyoucanmonitortheireveryactiononadigitalscreen.Thephanto
m
pixelis
anotherthing
somewebmastersdotogetbetterrankings.Unfortunatelyitwillbackfireonyousincethesearc
henginesdonotwantthistooccur.Yousee,thephantompixeliswhenyoumighthavea1pixeli
mageoranimagesosmallitcannotbeseenbytheregulareye.Theyusethepixeltostuffitwithke
ywords.Thesearchenginecanviewitinthecode,whichishowtheyknowitisthereandcangive
youbetterrankforthekeywordsintheory.Ofcoursesincethesearchenginesdontlikethispha
ntompixelyouareinsteadnotgettinganythingfortheextrakeywordsexcept sent to the
bottomlesspit.

2.1 EarlyTechnology
Intheinitialperiodoftrackingonlytworadioswereusedtoexchangetheinformation.
Oneradiowasattachedtothevehiclewhileanotheratbasestationbywhichdrivers
wereenabled to talk to theirmasters.
Fleetoperatorcouldidentifytheprogressthroughtheirroutes.Thetechnologywasnot
withoutitslimits.Itwasrestrictedbythedistancewhichbecameahurdleinaccuracyandbetter
connectivitybetweendriver
andfleetoperators.Basestationwasdependentonthedriverfortheinformationandahugesize
fleetcouldnothavebeenmanageddependingonmanpoweronly.ThesceneofvehicletrackingunderwentachangewiththearrivalofGPStechnolo
gy.Thisreducedthedependenceonmanpower.Mostoftheworkoftrackingbecameelectronic.Computersprovedagreathelpinmana
gingalargefleetofvehicle.Thisalsomadetheinformationauthentic.Asthistechnologywasa
vailableataffordablecostallwhethersmallorbigfleetcouldtakebenefitofthistechnology
Becauseofthecheapaccessibilityof
thedevicecomputertrackingfacilitieshascometostayandassociatedwithenhancedmanage
ment.Todayeachvehiclecarriestrackingunitwhichismonitoredfromthebasestation.
Basestationreceivesthedatafromtheunit.
Allthesefacilitiesrequireaheavyinvestmentofcapitalfortheinstallationoftheinfrastructure
oftrackingsystem formonitoringand dispatching.

Chapter3Hardw
areDesign

3.1

GSM Specifications:

GSMmodemisusedfortransmittingandreceivingthedata.SIM300isatri-band
GSM/GPRS engine.It works on variousfrequenciesi.e.EGSM 900MHz, DCS
1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz.

3.1.1 Frequency
900MHzor1800
MHz(Somecountriesin
theAmericasincludingCanadaandtheUnitedStatesusethe850MHzand1900MHzbands,4
00and450MHzfrequencybands are assigned in somecountries,notablyScandinavia)

3.1.2 Modulation
Modulationisaformofchangeprocesswherewechangetheinputinformationintoasuit
ableformatforthetransmissionmedium.Wealsochangedtheinformationbydemodulatingth
esignalatthereceivingend.TheGSMusesGaussianMinimumShift
Keying(GMSK)modulation method.

3.1.3 AccessMethods
Becauseradiospectrumisalimitedresourcesharedbyallusers,amethodmustbedevise
dtodivideupthebandwidthamongasmanyusersaspossible.GSMchoseacombinationofTD
MA/FDMAasitsmethod.TheFDMApartinvolvesthedivisionbyfrequencyofthetotal25M
Hzbandwidthinto124carrierfrequenciesof200kHzbandwidth.Oneormorecarrierfrequenc
iesarethenassignedtoeachBS.Eachofthesecarrierfrequenciesisthendividedintime,usinga
TDMAscheme,intoeighttimeslots.One
timeslot
isusedfortransmissionbythemobileandoneforreception.Theyareseparatedintimesothatth
emobileunitdoesnotreceiveandtransmitatthesametime.
3.1.4

TransmissionRate:

ThetotalsymbolrateforGSMat1bitpersymbolinGMSKproduces270.833Ksymbols
/second. Thegross transmissionrate ofthe timeslot is 22.8 Kbps.

3.1.5 FrequencyBand
TheuplinkfrequencyrangespecifiedforGSMis933960MHz(basic900MHzbandonly).Thedownlinkfrequencyband890915MHz(basic900MHzbandonly).

3.1.6 ChannelSpacing
Thisindicatesseparationbetweenadjacentcarrierfrequencies.InGSM,thisis200
kHz

3.1.7 SpeechCoding
GSM uses linearpredictive coding(LPC).Thepurpose ofLPC is toreduce thebit
rate.The LPCprovidesparameters for afilter that mimics the vocaltract.
Thesignalpassesthroughthisfilter,leavingbehindaresidualsignal.Speechisencoded
at 13 kbps.

3.1.8 DuplexDistance
Theduplexdistanceis80MHzDuplexdistanceisthedistancebetweentheuplink
downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHzapart

3.2

and

GSMModem

SystemcontainshighPerformanceARMcontroller,aGPS,andGSMmodemandovera
llsystemresideintoavehicle.Atrackingsystemwillprovideeffectiverealtimevehiclelocatio
nreporting.Trackingsystemwillinformwhereyourvehicleisandwhereithasbeen,howlonge
rithasbeenthere.Thebasicfunctionofinvehicleuniteistoacquire,Monitorandtransmitthepo
sitionlatitude,longitude,timetomanagementcentereitheratfixedintervalorondemand.Mic
rocontrollerunitformtheheartoftrackingunit,whichacquiresandprocessthepositiondatafr
omtheGPSmodule.TheGPSreceiverofvehicleterminalreceivesandresolvesthenavigation
messagebroadcastedbyGPSpositionsatellites,computesthelongitudeandlatitudeofvehicl
ecoordinates,transformsitintotheGSMmessageformbyGSMcommunicationcontroller,andsendsthemessagetomonitoringcenter
viatheGSMnetworkThecoreofdatacommunicationaboutthissystemliesinwirelesscommu
nicationcontrolterminalsthatusesGSMModulestotransferlongdistancedataextensivelyandreliably.
ItSupportinstructionsofATcommands.SIM300canbeintegratedwithawiderangeofapplica
tions.SIM300isaTribandGSM/GPRSenginethatworksonfrequenciesEGSM900MHz,DCS1800MHzandPC
S1900MHzSIM300providesGPRSmulti-slotclass10capabilitiesandsupportthe
GPRScodingschemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 andCS-4.

Withatinyconfigurationof40mmx33mmx2.85mm,SIM300canfitalmostallthespacerequi
rementinourapplication.Therefore,theMCUcanconnectwithGSMmodules
veryexpedientlythroughserialinterfaces.

Figure3.1: Generalblockdiagram ofGSM modem

Figure3.2:GSMmodem

Sri VenkateswaraInstitute of Technology

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3.3

GPSReceiver

ThehardwareinterfacesforGPSunitsaredesignedtomeetNMEArequirements.TheG
PSreceiverprovidesdatainNMEA0183formatwitha1Hzupdaterate.
Generallymessagereceived
NMEANationalMarineElectronicsAssociation]messageformatandNMEA
protocolwhichismost commonlyusedis NMEA0183 protocol.

byGPSisin

Figure3.3: GPSreceiver

3.4

ReceiverFeatures:

Verygoodacquisition andgood trackingsensitivity.

Sri VenkateswaraInstitute of Technology

Page11

3.5

WorkingofGPS

GPSreceiverworkson9600baudrateisusedtoreceivethedatafromspaceSegment
(fromSatellites),theGPSvaluesofdifferentSatellitesaresenttomicrocontrollerheblocks
thatareconnectedhereareMicrocontroller,LCDdisplay,GPS,GSM,Powersupply,Infrared
sensor,Firedetector.AT89S52,wheretheseareprocessedandforwardedtoGSM.Atthetimeo
fprocessingGPSreceivesonlyGPRMC valuesonly.
Fromthesevaluesmicrocontrollertakesonlylatitudeandlongitudevaluesexcludin
gtime,altitude,nameofthesatellite,authenticationetc.E.g.LAT:1728:2470LOG:7843.308
9GSMmodemwithabaudrate57600.AGPSreceiveroperatedbyauseronEarthmeasuresthe
timeittakesradiosignalstotravelfromfourormoresatellitestoitslocation,calculatesthedista
ncetoeachsatellite,andfromthiscalculation
determinestheuserslongitude,
latitude,andaltitude.The
U.S.DepartmentofDefenseoriginallydevelopedtheNavistarconstellationformilitaryuse,b
utalesspreciseformoftheserviceisavailablefreeofchargetocivilianusersaroundtheglobe.T
hebasiccivilianservicewilllocateareceiverwithin10meters(33feet)ofitstruelocation,thou
ghvariousaugmentationtechniquescanbeusedtopinpointthelocationwithinlessthan1cm(0
.4inch).Withsuchaccuracyandtheubiquityoftheservice,GPShasevolvedfarbeyonditsorig
inalmilitarypurpose andhascreateda revolution in personal and commercial navigation.
BattlefieldmissilesandartilleryprojectilesuseGPSsignalstodeterminetheirposit
ionsandvelocities,butsodotheU.S.spaceshuttleandtheInternationalSpaceStationaswellas
commercialjetlinersandprivateairplanes.Ambulancefleets,familyautomobiles,andrailroa
dlocomotivesbenefitfromGPSpositioning,whichalsoservesfarmtractors,oceanliners,hik
ers,andevengolfers.ManyGPSreceiversarenolargerthanapocketcalculatorandarepowere
dbydisposablebatteries,whileGPScomputerchipsthesizeofababysfingernailhavebeenins
talled in wristwatches,cellulartelephones,and personaldigital assistants.

Chapter4Me
thodology

4.1

Working

TheprojectconsistsofGPSreceiverandGSMmodemwithamicrocontroller.Thewh
olesystemisattachedtothevehicle.Intheotherend(mainvehiclestation)oneGSMmobileph
oneisattachedtothecomputerwithVBapplication.SotheGPSsystemwillsendthe
longitudinal
andaltitudevaluescorrespondingtothepositionofvehicletoGSMModem.Imaginethebush
asleftBangaloreat6oclockinthemorning.Iftheofficerinchargeforthatvehiclewantstoknow
wherethevehicleis,hewillcometothecomputerand
clickonthe
vehiclenumber
ontheVBprogram.TheVBprogramwillsendanSMStothevehiclenumber.TheSMSsentwo
uldcomethroughtheGSMserviceproviderandthenreachthevehicle,whichistraveling,beca
usethevehiclehasaGSMdevicewithsimcard.ThisGSMmodemwillreceivetheSMSandsen
dtothemicrocontrollerinthevehicle.ThemicrocontrollerwillreceivethisSMS
andcomparethepasswordandthecommand.Ifeverythingmatches thenitwill perform the
requestrequiredbythe office.

4.2

BlockDiagramanditsDescription

Theblockdiagramofthevehicletrackingsystemisshownbelow.Theblockdiagramsh
owstheoverallviewofthesystem.TheblocksthatareconnectedhereareMicrocontroller,LC
Ddisplay,GPS,GSM,Powersupply,Infraredsensor,Firedetector.

Figure4.1:BlockdiagramofvehicletrackingsystemusingGPSandGSM

DESCRIPTION

InthisProjectitisproposedtodesignanembeddedsystemwhichisusedfor
trackingandpositioning
ofanyvehiclebyusingGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)andGlobalsystem for mobile
communication (GSM).
Inthisproject8052microcontrollerisusedforinterfacingtovarioushardwareperipherals.Thecurrentdesignisanembe
ddedapplication,whichwillcontinuouslymonitoramovingVehicleandreportthestatusofth
eVehicleondemand.Fordoingsoan8052microcontrollerisinterfacedseriallytoaGSMMod
em and GPSReceiver.
AGSMmodemisusedtosendtheposition(LatitudeandLongitude)ofthevehiclefr
omaremoteplace.TheGPSmodemwillcontinuouslygivethedatai.e.Thelatitudeandlongitu
deindicatingthepositionofthevehicle.TheGPSmodemgivesmanyparametersastheoutput,
butonlytheNMEAdatacomingoutisreadanddisplayedontotheLCD.Thesamedataissenttot
hemobileattheotherendfromwherethe position of thevehicle is demanded.
AnEEPROMisusedtostorethedatareceivedbyGPSreceiver.Thehardwareinterfa
cestomicrocontrollerareLCDdisplay,GSMmodemandGPSReceiver.InordertointerfaceG
SMmodemandGPSReceivertothecontroller,aMUXis used.
Thedesignuses
RS-232
protocolforserialcommunicationbetweenthemodemsandthemicrocontroller.Aserialdriv
erICisusedforconvertingTTLvoltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels.
Differenttypesorsensorssuchasinfraredsensorsandfiredetectorareusedfordetecti
ngdifferenttypesofproblemencounteredinthevehiclesuchastheft,accident,firewarningetc
.Inanyofthesecasesmessageswillbeautomaticallysendto the intendedreceiver.
Whenarequestbyuserissenttothenumberatthemodem,thesystemautomaticallyse
ndsareturnreplytothatparticular
mobileindicatingthepositionofthevehicleintermsoflatitudeandlongitude.AProgramhasb
eendevelopedwhichisusedtolocatetheexactpositionofthevehicleandalsotonavigatedtrac
kofthemovingvehicle onGoogleMap.

4.3

Concept andOverview

ThisvehicletrackingsystemtakesinputfromGPSandsendsitthroughtheGSMmo
duletodesiredmobile/laptopusingmobilecommunication.VehicleTrackingSystemisoneo
fthebiggesttechnologicaladvancementstotracktheactivitiesofthevehicle.Thesecurity
systemusesGlobalPositioningSystemGPS,tofindthelocationofthemonitoredortrackedve
hicleandthenusessatelliteorradiosystemstosendtosendthecoordinatesandthelocationdata
tothemonitoringcenter.Atmonitoring
centervarioussoftwaresare
usedtoplottheVehicleonamap.InthiswaytheVehicleownersareabletotracktheirvehicleon
areal-timebasis.Duetorealtimetrackingfacility,vehicletrackingsystemsarebecomingincreasinglypopularamongow
ners of expensivevehicles.

Chapter5Ap
plications

Whensometechnologycomestobeusedatpracticallevelithappenstocherishbothpl
usaswellasminuspointsofitsown.Butsometimestechnologymaybepositiveinitselfbutitsa
pplicationcanbemisused.Beforewegoaheadtogivespacetoanytechnologyinourhouseorw
orkplaceweshouldhavepre-estimatesofits fall outs.
Inviewoflongjourneysandnightjourneysbycarthetechnologycanprovideasafetynetworkt
othepersoninconditionofemergency.Itcancuttimeofjourneyshortbyprovidingtheinforma
tionregardinglocation,speed,distancefromthedestinationleadingto best routeplanning
Inviewoflongjourneysandnightjourneysbycarthetechnologycanprovidea
safetynetwork to theperson in condition ofemergency
Itcancuttimeofjourneyshortbyprovidingtheinformationregardinglocation,speed,distanc
efrom thedestinationleadingto best route planning.
Bestfeatureofthetechnologyisthatitiseasytouse.Justanautomatedunitisneededtobeinstall
edinthevehicleandconnectedtothecenterwhichmaybeprovidedbysomecompany.Thisinst
rument
ismonitoredbytheGPStrackingcompanywhichkeepsalltherecordsoritscustomerslocatio
ns.Alldetailsoflocationetc.arecommunicatedtotheuserbycellphoneorinternetconnection.
Increasingproductivityof your mobile workers.
It helps monitoringemployeedrivinghabits andactivities.
Helpsyou locateyouremployeesareon-the-road.
Helpsyou verifytheemployee timesheet.
Helpsyou in monitoringallyourvehicles.
Helpsyou in timelydeliveryof theconsignments
Helpsyoumonitor thevehicle speeds
Helpsyou in trackingthe movement of vehicleson the road

Chapter6Advantage
sandDisadvantages

6.1

Advantages

Commercialfleetoperatorsarebyfarthelargestusersofvehicletrackingsystems.Thesesyste
msareusedforoperationalfunctionssuchasrouting,security,dispatchandcollectingonboard information.
Thesesystems are alsousedin consumer vehiclesasdevicesforpreventingtheft
andretrievingstolen/lostvehicles.Thesignalsentoutbytheinstalleddevicehelpthepolicetotr
ackthevehicle.Thesetrackingsystemscanbeusedasanalternativefortraditionalcaralarmsor
incombinationwithit.Installingtrackingsystemscanthusbringdown
theinsurancecostsforyourvehiclebyreducingthe risk factor.
VehicleTrackingsystemsoftenhaveseveralalternatives,likesendingautomaticalertstoaph
oneoremailifthevehicleismovedwithoutdueauthorization.They canalso work as one
layer ofseveralcombined securitymeasures
Apartfromsecurityconcerns,thetrackingsystemscanalsohelpuserssuchastaxiservicesto
improvetheir customerservice.Thesystemsenabletheoperatorsto identifythe emptytaxis
and direct thenearest one to pick up the customer
Vehicletrackingsystemscanalsobeappliedformonitoringdrivingbehaviorforbothcommer
cialandindividualsituations.Parentsforinstancecanusetrackingdevices to keepaneye on
their
teenage
sons
driving.The
applications
forthis
projectareinmilitary,navigation,automobiles,aircrafts,fleetmanagreement,remotemonitoring,remotecontrol, securitysystems,teleservices,etc.
Fleetmonitoring
Vehicle scheduling
Route monitoring
Drivermonitoring
Accidentanalysis
Geo-fencing geo-coding

6.2

Disadvantages

Thisprogramishighlysensitivetothecamerapositionandtheenvironment,soaconsiderable
amountoftuninghastobedoneeachtimeanewvideoistakenorcamerapositionischangedand
evenmoresoifthevideoisofanentirelynewenvironment.
Ifthereisnoiseintheedgedetectedimage,wecantreallytrackthevehicle.Whatismeantbynoi
seisthatifsomehumansarecomingneartothecarthentheedgedetectedimagewillhavetheedg
esofthathumanoranimalortree,thentheprogramwilltrytomatchthoseedgeswiththecarmod
el.Theprogrammighttreatthis matchas a success but reallyit will beoff the track.
We couldnotmodel thecurves inthemaruti-800, likein someimagesthedriverandthe
steering canbeseen,but wecould not findasolution forthat.Also thebodyoftheMartincan
bebest modeled ascombination of curves andthe lines.
Alsoifdistancebetweenthevehiclepositionsinthe
two
consecutive
framesistoomuchthenthistrackingprogramcantdetectthevehicleinthesecondframeand
will tryto track it in the subsequent frame
Themainlimitationofthesoftwareistherealtimeimplementation,thiscantbeimplemented
withthismuchtimeefficiencyinanyoftherealtimeapplications.Thislimitation
ismainlydueto the processingtime.

Chapter7Conclusion
andFutureScope

7.1

Conclusion

Trackingsystemisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinlargecitiesanditismore
securedthanother
systems.Itiscompletelyintegratedsothatonceitisimplementedinallvehicles,thenitis
possibletotrackanytimefromanywhere.Ithasrealtimecapability,emergesinordertostrengthentherelationsamongpeople,vehicleandroadby
puttingmoderninformationtechnologiestogetherandabletoformsarealtimeaccurate,effectivecomprehensivetransportationsystem.Thissystemhasmanyadvanta
gessuchaslargecapability,wideareasrange,lowoperationcosts,effective,Strongexpandabi
lityandEasytouseinvehicletrafficadministration.Upgradingthissetupisveryeasywhichma
kesitopentofuturearequirement which alsomakes it moreefficient.

7.2

FutureScope

WecanusetheEEPROMtostorethepreviousNavigatingpositionsupto256locationsand
wecannavigate upto N number oflocations byincreasingitsmemory.
We canreduce the sizeofthe kit byusingGPS+GSM on the same module.
Wecanincrease theaccuracyup to 3m byincreasingthe costoftheGPSreceivers.
We can useour kitfordetection ofbomb byconnectingto thebomb detector.
With the help of highsensitivityvibration sensorswecan detect the accident.
Whenevervehicleunexpectedlyhadanaccidentontheroadwithhelpofvibrationsensorweca
ndetecttheaccidentandwecansendthelocationtotheowner,hospitalandpolice.
Wecanuseourkittoassistthetraffic.
Bykeepingthekitsintheentirevehiclesandbyknowingthelocations of all the vehicles.
Ifanybodystealsourcarwecaneasilyfindourcararoundtheglobe.Bykeepingvehicle
positioningvehicle on the vehicle.

References

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2. AsaadM.J.AlHindawi,IbraheemTalib,ExperimentallyEvaluationofGPS/GSMBasedSystemDesign,J
ournalofElectronicSystemsVolume 2Number 2 June2012
3. AbedkhanM.E.
(Student),,RaviMishra,GPSGSMBasedTrackingSystemSSCET,CSVTU,Bhilai,IndiaInt
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