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Mathematics Digital Electronics Number: Representation

The document discusses binary numbers and how they are represented and used in computing. It explains that binary numbers are made up of only two digits, 0 and 1, and use a base-2 system with columns representing powers of two. Almost all modern computers use the binary system internally to represent data and instructions. It provides examples of adding and representing numbers in binary notation.

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Ariane Bbiane Corpuz Ariola
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40 views

Mathematics Digital Electronics Number: Representation

The document discusses binary numbers and how they are represented and used in computing. It explains that binary numbers are made up of only two digits, 0 and 1, and use a base-2 system with columns representing powers of two. Almost all modern computers use the binary system internally to represent data and instructions. It provides examples of adding and representing numbers in binary notation.

Uploaded by

Ariane Bbiane Corpuz Ariola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

SUMBITTED BY: ARIOLA, ARIANE BIBIANE C.


In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in
the binary numeral system, or base-2 numeral system, which represents numeric
values using two different symbols: typically 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual
base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Because of its straightforward
implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used
internally by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices such as mobile
phones. Each digit is referred to as a bit.
As you know, the decimal system uses the digits 0-9 to represent numbers. If we wanted to put a
larger number in column 10^n (e.g., 10), we would have to multiply 10*10^n, which would give
10^(n+1), and be carried a column to the left. For example, putting ten in the 10^0 column is
impossible, so we put a 1 in the 10^1 column, and a 0 in the 10^0 column, thus using two columns.
Twelve would be 12*10^0, or 10^0(10+2), or 10^1+2*10^0, which also uses an additional column to
the left (12).
The binary system works under the exact same principles as the decimal system, only it operates in
base 2 rather than base 10. In other words, instead of columns being
10^2|10^1|10^0
they are
2^2|2^1|2^0
Instead of using the digits 0-9, we only use 0-1 (again, if we used anything larger it would be like
multiplying 2*2^n and getting 2^n+1, which would not fit in the 2^n column. Therefore, it would shift
you one column to the left. For example, "3" in binary cannot be put into one column. The first
column we fill is the right-most column, which is 2^0, or 1. Since 3>1, we need to use an extra
column to the left, and indicate it as "11" in binary (1*2^1) + (1*2^0).
Representation
Binary numbers and arithmetic let you represent any amount you want using just
two digits: 0 and 1. Here are some examples:
Decimal 1 is binary 0001
Decimal 3 is binary 0011
Decimal 6 is binary 0110
Decimal 9 is binary 1001
Each digit "1" in a binary number represents a power of two, and each "0"
represents zero:
0001 is 2 to the zero power, or 1
0010 is 2 to the 1st power, or 2
0100 is 2 to the 2nd power, or 4
1000 is 2 to the 3rd power, or 8.
When you see a number like "0101" you can figure out what it means by adding
the powers of 2:
0101 = 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 5
1010 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10
0111 = 0 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
Addition
Adding two binary numbers together is like adding decimal numbers, except 1 +
1 = 10 (in binary, that is), so you have to carry the one to the next column:
0001
+ 0100
0101 (no carries to get this)
0001

+ 0001
0010 (1 plus 1 is 10, carry the 1 to the next column)
0011
+ 0011
0110 (1 + 1 = 10, so carry; then 1 + 1 + 1 = 11, so carry again)
0011
+ 0101
1000 (carry in every column here)
Larger Numbers
Here are the numbers from 0 to 15, in binary:
0000 = 0
0001 = 1
0010 = 2
0011 = 3
0100 = 4
0101 = 5
0110 = 6
0111 = 7
1000 = 8
1001 = 9
1010 = 10
1011 = 11
1100 = 12
1101 = 13
1110 = 14
1111 = 15
How do we Count using Binary?
Binary
0

We start at 0

Then 1

???

But then there is no symbol for 2 ..

Well how do we count


in Decimal?

Decimal
0
...
9

Start at 0
Count 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and then...
This is the last digit in Decimal

10

So we start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

The same thing is done in binary ...


Binary
0

Start at 0

Then 1

10

Now start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

11

1 more

???

But NOW what ... ?

What happens in Decimal ... ?

Decimal
99

When we run out of digits, we ...

100

... start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

And that is what we do in binary ...


Binary
0

Start at 0

Then 1

10

Start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

11

1 00

101

110

111

1 000

Start back at 0 again (for all 3 digits),


add 1 on the left

1001

And so on!

start back at 0 again, and add one to the number on the left...
... but that number is already at 1 so it also goes back to 0 ...
... and 1 is added to the next position on the left

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