CAE Exam-Linking Words 8 Pages

COLEGIO INTERNACIONAL SEK-EL CASTILLO
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Modern Foreign Languages Department
Linking Words and Phrases

To introduce or give an example:
For example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to
demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, after all, even, indeed, in fact, of course, specially, such as, the following
example, in another case, to take another example, namely, as shown by, as illustrated by, as expressed by, frequently,
specifically, to take the case of.
Examples:
An apple does not contain, for example, as many calories as a cheesecake. There are many ways to eat rice, for instance
you may use a fork or chopsticks.
To show agreement:
Of course, certainly, admittedly, no doubt, it is true that.
To express alternative:
Or, either or, neither nor
To introduce an additional idea:

And, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, still, next, lastly, what is more,
moreover, in addition, first (second, third), as well as, not only but, that could only say, not to mention
Examples:
I would like to see you tomorrow, and also the next day.
We could sell the car; besides, we do not use it much.
First, I do not like seafood; second, I hate boats
To indicate sequence or order, or logically divide the idea:

First, second, third, and so forth, next, then, and then, soon, following this, followed by, eventually, at this time, now, at
this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, currently, thus,
therefore, hence, concurrently.
To indicate or show time:

Immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, after a bit, after a while, afterwards, as long as, as soon as, at last, at
length, at that time, before, earlier, meantime, in the meantime, in the past, lately, later, previously, formerly, first
(second, third), finally, next, then, and then, now, presently, shortly, simultaneously, since, when, so far, initially, during.
Examples:
Stay as long as you like! Qudate cuanto quieras!.
We can have the meeting last as long as we need to.
John was studying; in the meantime his brother was playing basketball.
To compare or show similarity

Whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up
against, balanced against, vis a vis, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true,
again, also, in the same way, likewise, once more, similarly, in a similar manner, like, in the same way, analogously,
another way to view this, unlike.
Examples:
She is not the only the boss daughter but also the company vice-president
We walk to work in the same way we usually do.
To prove your point:

Because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in
addition, in any case, that is, demonstrably.
To show contrast:
Although, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the one hand on the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet, one may object that,
whereas, rather, conversely, meanwhile, after all, otherwise, alternatively, balanced against, up against, not only but
also, differing from, a different view is, even so, unlike.
Examples:
He earns a huge salary: yet cant pay his debts
The weather is nasty; nevertheless, I am going to drive to Montreal.
To introduce an opposite idea or show exception:
Yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes.
To show cause and effect and to show purpose:

Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for this purpose, hence, so, then, therefore, thereupon, thus, to this end,
due to, owing to, on account of, because of, thanks to, and so, so that, so as to, as a consequence, for this reason, hence,
in order to, in order that.
To express repetition:
In brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted, as we have seen, as mentioned earlier, in other words, as
suggested above.
To express location:
Above, adjacent, below, closer to, elsewhere, far, further on, here, near, nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to the
right.
Examples:
My apartment is on the fifth street, above the bank.
Our cottage is on Lac-des-Piles, near jean Chretiens
To place what you have just said in a particular context:

In this connection, in this perspective.
To express concession:
Although it is true that, granted that, I admit that, it may appear that, naturally, of course.
Examples:
There were many people in the crowd; I admit that I was a little nervous.
If I win the lottery, of course I will give some money to charity
To emphasize:
Definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever,
perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, without reservation.
To summarize or conclude:
In brief, on the whole, summing up, to summarize, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have said, as I have shown,
hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole, as we have seen, as mentioned earlier, in any
event, in short, lastly, in other words, ultimately.
Examples:
In conclusion, connecting words may also be called transitions
The economy is doing well, in short everybody is happy.
Glossary
Admittedly: adv.:
Admittedly, there may be problems Hay que reconocer que, a lo mejor, habr problemas.
Afterwards: (USA, afterward). Adv: despus. Shortly/soon afterwards: Poco despus
Against: COLLOCATIONS
o
o
For and against: En pro y en contra

Up against sth.: Enfrentado con algo (Coloq.). Up against the wall. Junto al a pared
Brief: adj. In brief: En pocas palabras

Certainly: adv: Ciertamente. He will certainly die if you do not call a doctor. Morir con toda seguridad/con toda certeza si
no llamas a un medico.
(Como respuesta) Desde luego: Do you consider yourself a rude person?, Certainly not!- Se considera una persona
maleducada?, Claro que no!
Concurrently: adv.: al mismo tiempo
Conversely: adv.: A la inversa
Demonstrably: adv.: Irrefutablemente. His story was demonstrably untrue. Su historia era claramente falsa.
Emphatically: adv.. Categricamente, inequvocamente
Eternally: adv.: eternamente, para siempre. I am eternally grateful to you. Te estar eternamente agradecido
Even: adv.: An, hasta, incluso (Uso enftico): Even a child can understand it. Hasta un nio puede entenderlo / Everyone
fell silent even the children. Todos se callaron, hasta los nios / It was cold there even in July. An en julio haca fro all /
Its unattractive, even ugly/ugly even.
o
o
o
o
Not even: Ni siquiera. He did not open the letter. Ni siquiera abri la carta.
Con adj. o adv. Comparativo: An, todava: Even less tan I do. An menos que yo / Even faster: An ms
rpido.
LOCUCIONES:
Even as (formal): En el mismo momento que, mientras.
Even better:
An ms: I like this one even better. Esto me gusta an ms
Lo que es mejor: And even better, Ive passed. Y lo que es mejor, he aprobado.
o
o
o
o
o
o
Even if / though: Aunque, an cuando.

Even now / then:
An ahora, an entonces: Even now he wont believe me. An ahora no quiere creerme
Con tiempos continuos (formal): en este/ese mismo momento. The tropos are even now
prepearing to march into the city. En este mismo momento las tropas estn preparndose para
entrar en la ciudad.
Even so: An as, no obstante.
Even worse: An peor
To be/get evcen (with sb): Ajustar las cuentas con alguien.
To break even: quedar en paz, amortizar.
Event: COLLOCATIONS
o
o
o
o
o
At all events / in any event: En todo caso

In either event: En cualquier caso
In that event: En ese caso.
In the event: Al final, llegado el momento. In the event I had enough money to pay.
In the event of sb.: En caso de (que)
Formerly: adv.: anteriormente o antiguamente.

Granted: avd.: concedido. Granted, Its splendid, but look at the price! Lo reconozco, es estupendo, pero Fjate en el
precio!
Hence: adv.:
o
o
o
(Tiempo): desde ahora: Three years hence. De aqu a tres aos.

(Por esta razn): de ah, por eso: I fell off my bike hence the bruises. Me casi de la bicicleta, de ah los
moretones.
(Antic) De aqu. Get thee hence!. Fuera de aqu!
Indeed: adv.:
o
o
o
Uso enftico: de verdad. Indeed he did. Ya lo creo. That is a compliment indeed. Eso s que es una alabanza.
Comentario, respuesta o reconocimiento. De veras: Dis you indeed? De veras?. A ghost indeed!. As que un
fantasma! / When will it improve? When indeed. Cundo va a mejorar? Eso digo yo!
Uso formal. En efecto: It will not help. Indeed it will make matters worse. No arreglar nada. De hecho,
empeorar las cpsas / I was annoyed, indeed furious. Estaba, ms que enfadado, furioso.
Likewise: adv.: (formal)

o
o
De la misma forma: To do likewise. Hacer lo mismo

Asimismo
Meantime: adv.: mientras tanto

Mention: Not to mention. Por no decir nada de, sin contar.
Namely: adv.: A saber, concretamente.
Naturally: adv.
o
o
Por naturaleza, de forma natural: naturally gifted. Dotado por la naturaleza.

Por supuesto: We were naturally very curioius. Por supuesto que tenamos curiosidad. I naturally assumed
Lgicamente di por hecho
o
o
o
Natural: Her hair is naturally blonde

Con naturalidad: try to act naturally. Intenta actuar de forma natural.
Por instinto: do whatever comes naturally. Haz lo que te diga tu instinto.
Nevertheless: adv., conj. (Formal): Sin embargo.

Nonetheless (Tb nonetheless): Sin embargo. Its not cheap but I think we should try it nonetheless.
Notwithstanding: prep. (Formal): A pesar de, pese a: Language difficulties notwithstanding A pesar de las dificultades
lingsticas
NOTA
Ntese que la preposicin notwithstanding puede ir antes o despus del sustantivo al que se refiere. Notwithstanding
language difficulties sera igualmente correcto.
Notwithstanding: adv.: No obstante
Positively: adv.
o
o
o
o
Verdaderamente: This is positively the last Straw. Esto es verdaderamente el colmo.

Categricamente
Positivamente. He responded positevly to the criticism. Respondi positivamente a las crticas. Positively
charged: con carga positiva
Con optimismo
Regardless: adv. (coloq.) Sin hacer caso, pase lo que pase. She had to carry on regardless. Tena que continuar a toda
costa.
o
Regardless of: Prep. Sea cual sea, sin tener en cuenta: Regardless of the consequences. Sean cuales sean las
consecuencias.
Short: COLLOCATIONS
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
At short notice: Con poca antelacin

By a short head:
(Carreras de caballos): Por una cabeza escasa.
(Ganar): Por muy poco
For short: Abreviado
In short: Resumiendo
In short order: en un periquete
I short supply: escaso
Little/nothing short of sth: Nada menos que algo. He will settle for nothing short of total victory. No se
conformar con nada menos que una Victoria total / Our escape was Little short of miraculous. Nos escapamos
de puro milagro.
Short and sweet: Corto pero agradable.
Shortly: adv.: dentro de poco, en breve. Shortly afterwards, poco despus

Subsequently: adv.: posteriormente, ms tarde.
Thereafter: adv. (Formal): A partir de entonces. Shortly thereafter. Poco despus.
Therefore: adv.:
o
o
Por (lo) tanto: I think, therefore I am. Pienso, luego existo.

Por consiguiente
Thereupon: adv. (Formal): En seguida.

Though: conj.
o Aunque: Strange though it may seem. Aunque parezca extrao / Young though she is Por muy joven que sea
o Pero: He will say no, though its worth asking. Dir que no, pero no se pierde nada preguntndoselo.
Ver nota en although, aunque.
COLLOCATIONS:
o
Though: adv. (Coloq.): De todas formas: Our team lost. It was good game though. Nuestro equipo perdi. Con
todo y con eso, fue un buen partido.
Thus: adv. (Formal)

o
o
o
As, de esta manera.

(Por esta razn), por lo tanto, as que
(Hasta este punto). Thus far: Hasta aqu.
Undeniably: adv.: Indudablemente. Undeneably, the final stage is crucial. No se puede negar que la ltima etapa es
crucial.
Unlike: Adj.
o
o
Distinto: They are quite unlike each other. Soy muy distintos.
No caracterstico de: Its unlike her. No es propio de ella.
Unlike: prep: A diferencia de

Unquestionably: adv.: indiscutiblemente.
Whereas: conj.
o
o
(Formal) Mientras que

(Jur) considerando que
Whereupon: conj.: despus de lo cual, con lo cual.

Whole: On the whole: En general. On the whole, Im in favour of the plan. En general, estoy a favour del proyecto.

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COLEGIO INTERNACIONAL SEK-EL CASTILLO

Linking Words and Phrases

To introduce an additional idea:

To indicate sequence or order, or logically divide the idea:

To indicate or show time:

To compare or show similarity

To prove your point:

To introduce an opposite idea or show exception:

To show cause and effect and to show purpose:

To place what you have just said in a particular context:

For and against: En pro y en contra

Brief: adj. In brief: En pocas palabras

Even if / though: Aunque, an cuando.

At all events / in any event: En todo caso

Formerly: adv.: anteriormente o antiguamente.

(Tiempo): desde ahora: Three years hence. De aqu a tres aos.

Likewise: adv.: (formal)

De la misma forma: To do likewise. Hacer lo mismo

Meantime: adv.: mientras tanto

Por naturaleza, de forma natural: naturally gifted. Dotado por la naturaleza.

Natural: Her hair is naturally blonde

Nevertheless: adv., conj. (Formal): Sin embargo.

Verdaderamente: This is positively the last Straw. Esto es verdaderamente el colmo.

At short notice: Con poca antelacin

Shortly: adv.: dentro de poco, en breve. Shortly afterwards, poco despus

Por (lo) tanto: I think, therefore I am. Pienso, luego existo.

Thereupon: adv. (Formal): En seguida.

Thus: adv. (Formal)

As, de esta manera.

Unlike: prep: A diferencia de

(Formal) Mientras que

Whereupon: conj.: despus de lo cual, con lo cual.

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