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Prim Key Foreign Key

The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database table by requiring that its values be unique and not null. A table can only have one PRIMARY KEY, which may consist of a single or multiple columns. The PRIMARY KEY can be defined when creating or altering tables using SQL's CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements.

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60 views2 pages

Prim Key Foreign Key

The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database table by requiring that its values be unique and not null. A table can only have one PRIMARY KEY, which may consist of a single or multiple columns. The PRIMARY KEY can be defined when creating or altering tables using SQL's CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements.

Uploaded by

yogesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint

SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint


The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database table.
Primary keys must contain UNIQUE values.
A primary key column cannot contain NULL values.
Most tables should have a primary key, and each table can have only ONE primary
key.
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on CREATE TABLE
The following SQL creates a PRIMARY KEY on the "P_Id" column when the "Persons"
table is created:
MySQL:
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)
)
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
To allow naming of a PRIMARY KEY constraint, and for defining a PRIMARY KEY cons
traint on multiple columns, use the following SQL syntax:
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id,LastName)
)
Note: In the example above there is only ONE PRIMARY KEY (pk_PersonID). However,
the VALUE of the primary key is made up of TWO COLUMNS (P_Id + LastName).
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on ALTER TABLE
To create a PRIMARY KEY constraint on the "P_Id" column when the table is alread
y created, use the following SQL:
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:
ALTER TABLE Persons

ADD PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)


To allow naming of a PRIMARY KEY constraint, and for defining a PRIMARY KEY cons
traint on multiple columns, use the following SQL syntax:
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:
ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id,LastName)
Note: If you use the ALTER TABLE statement to add a primary key, the primary key
column(s) must already have been declared to not contain NULL values (when the
table was first created).
To DROP a PRIMARY KEY Constraint
To drop a PRIMARY KEY constraint, use the following SQL:
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP PRIMARY KEY
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID

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