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Trig 5 1

This document introduces exponential and logarithmic functions. It defines the exponential function f(x) = ax where a is the base, which must be greater than 0 and not equal to 1. The natural base e, approximately 2.71828, is commonly used. Logarithmic functions are defined as the inverse of exponential functions, where y = logb(x) if and only if b^y = x. Key properties of logarithms and natural logarithms are described, including the identity, inverse, and one-to-one properties. Homework problems are assigned from the textbook.

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324 views18 pages

Trig 5 1

This document introduces exponential and logarithmic functions. It defines the exponential function f(x) = ax where a is the base, which must be greater than 0 and not equal to 1. The natural base e, approximately 2.71828, is commonly used. Logarithmic functions are defined as the inverse of exponential functions, where y = logb(x) if and only if b^y = x. Key properties of logarithms and natural logarithms are described, including the identity, inverse, and one-to-one properties. Homework problems are assigned from the textbook.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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CH. 5.

1
Exponential functions and their graphs

RECALL
This course will mainly deal with algebraic functions, which include
polynomial and rational functions.
Now, we will shift gear and introduce two non-algebraic functions
These functions are named exponential and logarithmic functions,
and they are examples of transcendental functions.

Exponential function

Logarithmic function

Definition of exponential functions


:
=
> 0, 1,

Horizontal Shift

Vertical Shift

Reflection on the x-axis

Reflection on the y-axis

1
=
3

One-to-one property

> 0 1,

=
=

Solve for x
Using the one-to-one property
9 = 3+1
32 = 3+1
2 = + 1
, 1 = .

The Natural Base e


In many applications, the convenient choice for a base is the
irrational number:
. .
This irrational number is the natural base.
The function = is called the natural exponential function.
Note is a constant and x is the variable.

HOMEWORK
REQUIRED
Pg 376 Vocab Check except 4-5

Pg 376-377: 1-6, 7-10, 23-26, 27-32,


45,49,51

CH. 5.2
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

Definition of logarithmic function with base b


> 0, > 0, 1
= x if and only if x = b y .
:
=
.

Properties of Logarithms
1 = 0

0 = 1.

= 1

1 = . Identity Property

= . Inverse Property

= ,

= . One-to-one property

10 = log

Common logarithmic functions

The natural logarithmic function



= = ln ,
>0
.

Properties of Natural Logarithms

ln 1 = 0

0 = 1

ln = 1

1 =

ln = x and eln x = x

Inverse Property

ln 1 = ln , = .

One-to-One Property

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