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Tutorial 3

The document presents 9 problems involving the method of differences. Each problem (1) expresses algebraic expressions in partial fractions, (2) uses the method of differences to prove an identity involving the sum of the expressions, and (3) sometimes calculates a specific sum. The method of differences involves finding a pattern in the differences of successive terms in a sequence to determine a general formula for the sum.

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29 views4 pages

Tutorial 3

The document presents 9 problems involving the method of differences. Each problem (1) expresses algebraic expressions in partial fractions, (2) uses the method of differences to prove an identity involving the sum of the expressions, and (3) sometimes calculates a specific sum. The method of differences involves finding a pattern in the differences of successive terms in a sequence to determine a general formula for the sum.

Uploaded by

leeshanghao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Method of Differences

1.

(a)

2
Express ( r 1)(r 3) in partial fractions.
(2)
n

(b)

Hence prove that

n(5n 13)

(r 1)(r 3) 6(n 2)(n 3)


r 1

.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)

2.

(a)

Show that (r + 1) (r 1) Ar + B, where A and B are constants to be found.


(2)
n

(b)

Prove by the method of differences that

r
r 1

1
6

n(n + 1)(2n + 1), n > 1.


(6)
(Total 8 marks)

3.

(a)

1
1
2
2
r .
Express as a simplified single fraction (r 1)
(2)

(b)

Hence prove, by the method of differences, that


n

r
r 2

2r 1
1
1 2
2
(r 1)
n .
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

2
4.

(a)

By expressing 4r 1 in partial fractions, or otherwise, prove that


n

r 1

2
4r 1
2

1
= 1 2n 1 .
(3)

20

(b)

Hence find the exact value of

r 11

1
2

4r 1

.
(2)

Congleton limsiewthiang

(Total 5 marks)

5.

(a)

2
Express (r 1)(r 3) in partial fractions.
(2)

(b)

Hence prove, by the method of differences, that


n

n( an b)

(r 1)(r 3) 6(n 2)(n 3)


r 1

where a and b are constants to be found.


(6)

30

(c)

Find the value of

(r 1)(r 3)

r 21

, to 5 decimal places.
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

6.

(a)

Show that
3

(r + 1) (r 1) = 6r + 2.
(2)

(b)

Hence show that


n

r 1

1
n n 1 2n 1
6

.
(5)

2n

(c)

Show that

r n

1
n n 1 an b
6

, where a and b are constants to be found.


(4)
(Total 11 marks)

Congleton limsiewthiang

7.

Given that for all real values of r,


3

(2r + 1) (2r 1) = Ar + B,
where A and B are constants,
(a)

find the value of A and the value of B.


(2)

(b)

Hence, or otherwise, prove that

r 1

1
n ( n 1)(2n 1)
6

.
(5)

40

(c)

Calculate

(3r 1)
r 1

.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

8.

(a)

Show that
r 3 r 1
1
1
r 1
,
r (r 1)
r r 1 for r 0, 1.
(3)
n

(b)

Find

r 1

r 3 r 1
r (r 1) , expressing your answer as a single fraction in its simplest form.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

9.

(a)

1
Express r (r 2) in partial fractions.
(2)

(b)

Hence prove, by the method of differences, that


n

r (r 2)
r 1

n(3n 5)
= (n 1)( n 2) .
(5)

Congleton limsiewthiang

100

(c)

Find the value of

r 50

4
r ( r 2)

, to 4 decimal places.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Congleton limsiewthiang

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