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~T.!FIED TRUE COP'(

'it'

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l\epublit of tbe ftbilippines

~upreme QCourt
:manila

WILF imo-?zt;*AN

Divi ion Clerk of Court

Third Division

'\ ' 20\6

THIRD DIVISION
HEIRS
OF
GAMALIEL
ALBANO,
represented
by
ALEXANDER ALBANO and all
other person living with them in
the subject premises,
Petitioners,
-versusSPS. MENA C. RA VANES and
ROBERTO RAV ANES,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 183645

Present:
VELASCO, JR., J., Chairperson,
PERALTA,
PEREZ,
REYES, and
JARDELEZA, JJ.
Promulgated:
July 20, 2016

x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~~

~""'"- -x

DECISION
JARDELEZA, ./.:
Before us is a Petition for Review on Certiorari 1 under Rule 45 of the
Rules of Corni seeking to annul the August 29, 2007 Decision 2 (CA
Decision) and July 7, 2008 Resolution 3 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA
4
G.R. SP No. 96111. The CA Decision reversed the May 29, 2006 Decision
of Branch 68, Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Pasig City and reinstated the
January 19, 2004 Decision 5 of Branch 69, Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC)
of Pasig City. The MeTC ordered petitioners to: (a) vacate the lot owned by
respondent-spouses; and (b) pay the monthly back rentals from the month of
6
default until the leased premises are vacated.
The Facts
Respondent Mena Ravanes (Mena), married to Roberto Ravanes
(Roberto) (collectively, the respondent-spouses), is the registered owner of a
parcel of land covered by Transfer Certificate of Title No. 57414 located in
Rollo, pp. 7-23.
Penned by Associate Justice Marlene Gonzales-Sison and concurred in by Associate Justices Juan Q.
Enriquez, Jr. and Vicente S.E. Veloso. Id. at 25-33.
Penned by Associate Justice Marlene Gonzales-Sison and concurred in by Associate .Justices Juan Q.
Enriquez, Jr. and Vicente S.E. Veloso. Id. at pp. 42-43.
Id. at 44-46.
Id. at 48-51.

/d.t51.y

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

Caniogan, Pasig City. 7 On about thirty-five (35) square meters of the

property stands the two-storey residential house of petitioners. 8 Petitioners'
father, Gamaliel Albano, purchased the house in 1986 from a certain Mary
Ong Dee. 9 Petitioners leased the property from Mena with the agreement
that they will vacate it, regardless of their rental payments, when the latter
and her family would need to use it. 10
In March 2000, respondent-spouses informed petitioners that their
daughter, Rowena, is getting married and would need the property to build
her house. 11 However, petitioners refused to vacate the property. Thus,
respondent-spouses filed a complaint in the Office of the Barangay Captain
12
of Caniogan against petitioners. Having failed to reach an amicable
settlement, however, the Barangay issued a certificate to file action on June
22, 2000. 13
On September 14, 2000, respondent-spouses filed a Complaint for
Ejectment 14 against petitioners in the MeTC of Pasig City. Respondentspouses cited Section 5 (c) of Batas Pambansa Big. 877 (BP 877) 15 as a
ground for ejectment:
Section 5. Grounds j(Jr .Judicial Ejec/menf. - Ejeclment
shall be allowed on the following grounds:
xxx
(c) Legitimate need of owner/lessor to repossess his
properly for his own use or for the use of any immediate
member of his family as a residential unit, such owner or
immediate member not being the owner of any other
available residential unit within the same city or
municipality: Provided, however, That the lease for a
definite period has expired: Provided, further, Thal the
lessor has given the lessee formal notice three (3) months in
advance of the lessor's intention lo repossess the property:
1111cl Provided, finally, Thal the owner/lessor is prohibited
from leasing the residential unit or allowing its use hy a
third party for at least one year.
xxx

'!

11

CA Decision, rollo, p. 26.

Answer, records, p. 13.
Id. at 12.
Complaint, records, p. 2.
/d_

12

Titled "Pagpapaa/is sa paupahang /upa, dahil gagmnitin 11g a11ak." Rollo, p. 153.
13
Katibayan Upang Makadulog sa I fuku111a11, Attached as Annex B to the Complaint, records, p. 6.
14
Records, pp. 1-4.
15
An Act Providing for the Stabilization and Regulation ot: Rentals or Certain Residential Units for
Other Purposes ( 1985). The effectivity or 13P 877 was extended by Republic Act No. 6828 (from January
1, 1990 to December 31, 1992), Republic Act No. 7644 (from January )l~/Yto December 31, 1997)
and Republic Act No. 8437 (from January I, 1998 to December 31, 200 I

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

Respondent-spouses stated that their daughter needs the property to

build her conjugal home. 16 They pleaded that they do not own any other
available residential units within Pasig City or anywhere else. They also
stated that the lease between them and petitioners had already lapsed as of
December 31, 1999. Respondent-spouses claimed they notified petitioners of
their intent to repossess the property at least three (3) months in advance.
They prayed for the MeTC to order petitioners to vacate the property and
remove the improvements in it. They also sought payment of petitioners'
rent for July 2000 and attorney's fees. 17
18

In their Answer dated October 4, 2000, retitioncrs countered that

respondent-spouses and their predecessors-in-interest assured them that they
can stay in the property for as long as they are paying the agreed monthly
rentals. 19 Petitioners claimed that their harmonious relationship with
respondent-spouses changed in February 2000 when the latter suddenly
refused to accept the rental payments for January to June 2000. 20 They
belied the claim that respondent-spouses do not own other lots in Pasig City,
asserting that respondent-spouses have other suitable residential houses and
apartment units in Pasig City as evidenced by photocopies of land titles
21
attached to their Answer.
Consequently, petitioners argued that the
Complaint should be dismissed because respondent-spouses do not need the
22
property for their personal use.
Further, petitioners alleged respondent-spouses handed them the
notice to vacate only on June 15, 2000. The notice demanded petitioners to
vacate the premises on or before July 13, 2000. Thus, they were given only a
28-day notice, which was short of the 3-month notice requirement under BP
877. 23
By way of counterclaim, petitioners prayed that respondent-spouses
be ordered to pay moral and exemplary damages and attorney's fees. 24
Petitioners also asked that, in the event the MeTC ruled in favor of
respondent-spouses, they be ordered to reimburse petitioners the amount the
latter incurred for the repair of their house. 25
In their Position Paper dated December 26, 2000, 26 respondentspouses admitted ownership of several properties in Pasig City, but insisted
that these properties were not available for their daughter because they were

16
17
18
19

20
21

22
21
24

25

"'

Complaint, records, pp. 2-3.

Id. at 3-4.
Id. at I 0-20.
Answer, records, pp. I 0 & 13.
Id. at 13-14.
Id at 15-16.
Id. at 17.
Id. at 16-17.
Id. at 19.
Id. at 18-19.
Reooo~<. pp. 71-

77.'N"
/

Decision

G.R. No. 183645 .

on lease. 27 Respondent-spouses explained that they chose to eject petitioners

rather than their other lessees because petitioners are delinquent in their
rental payrnents. 28 Respondent-spouses also alleged that they complied with
the 3-month notice requirement because they waited for 91 days-from June
15, the date when petitioners received the notice to vacate, until September
29
14, 2000-to file the case for ejectment.
In their Position Paper dated .January 2, 2001, 30 petitioners reiterated
that respondent-spouses have no legal ground to eject them on the basis of
an alleged legitimate need for personal use of the property because
respondent-spouses own other available lots in Pasig City, and because the
3-month notice requirement was not complied with.
Both parties raised the issue of whether petitioners can be legally
ejected from the property under Section 5 (c) of BP 877.

The Ruling of the McTC

In its Decision dated .January 19, 2004;11 the McTC found f()r
respondent-spouses. The dispositivc portion of its Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is
hereby rendered in favor of plaintiffs and against
defendant[s] who are hereby ordered to vacate immediately
the leased premises located at No. 19-A, A. Flores St.,
Caniogan, Pasig City, and to pay plaintiffs the monthly
[back rentals] of PHP2, 131.00 from the month of default
until
the premises arc vacated. Attorney's fees are
additionally awarded in favor of plaintiffs in the amount of
PHPl 0,000.00 the same being deemed just and equitable
under the circumstances. No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED. 32

The MeTC held that the lease between respondent-spouses and

petitioners is one in which no period of lease has actually been fixed. Thus,
under Article 1687 of the New Civil Code, the lease is deemed to be on a
month to month basis since rentals were paid monthly. Accordingly, the
lease expires every end of the month which gives respondent-spouses a
ground for judicial ejectment. 33 The MeTC declared as void and against
public policy the interpretation of petitioners of their contract that they were
assured of a lifetime lease for as long as they are paying monthly rent. It also
explained that respondent-spouses' ownership of other properties is
27

28
29
0
'

11
12

Id. at 73-75.
Id at 74.
Id. at 73.
Id at 162-176.
Penned by Judge Julia A. Reyes, rollo, pp. 48-51.

ldat51.I\/
Id "t50. ' /

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

immaterial because as owners of the property, respondent-spouses have the

right to repossess it aJter the monthly expiration of the lease between the
.
34
parties.
The MeTC also denied petitioners' counterclaim on the ground that
they do not have the right to be paid the value of their house's improvements
since they built it at their own risk. Petitioners, however, may remove the
improvements if respondent-spouses refuse to reimburse one-half of its total
value. 35
The Ruling of the RTC
On appeal before the RTC of Pasig City, petitioners took issue with
the MeTC's judgment that respondent-spouses can eject petitioners on the
ground of expiration of the lease contract. They contended that the issue
about the expiration of the lease was neither invoked by the respondentspouses in their Complaint nor raised as an issue in the pleadings. Thus, the
MeTC should not have departed from the sole issue defined by the parties
during the preliminary conference in the MeTC. Petitioners claimed they
were denied due process because they were not given the opportunity to
meet the issue regarding the alleged expiration of lease. 36
The RTC agreed with petitioner. In its Decision dated May 29, 2006, 37
the RTC vacated the decision of the Me TC and ordered the dismissal of the
complaint for insufficiency of evidence. The RTC opined that the issue in
the case is whether respondent-spouses had satisfied the requisites for
ejectment under Section 5 (c) of BP 877. It then answered the question in the
negative, thus:
Accordingly,

the

assailed

decision

is

hereby

RECONSIDERED and SET ASIDE on the ground of

denial of clue process, and this Court is now tasked to look
into the issue of whether or not the plaintiffs have met the
following requirements of Section 5, par (c) of the Rental
Law as amended:
a). A legitimate need of owner/lessor to repossess his
property for his own use or for the use of any immediate
member of his family;
b). The need to repossess is for residential [purpose];
c). Such owner or immediate family member does not
own any other available residential unit within the city or
municipality;
cl). The lease agreement should be for a definite period;
e ). The period of lease has expired;

14
15

16
17

Id.

Rollo, p. 51.
Appellant's Memorandum in the RTC, records, p. 283.
Penned by Judge Santiago G. Estrella, rol/o, pp. 44-46.

Decision

(1

<J.I{. No. l 83<)45

f). The lessor has given the lessee a formal notice three
(3) months in advance of the lessor's intention to repossess
the property.
The assailed decision is unequivocal. It stated that
"Clearly, this is a lease for which no period <if lease has
actually been fixed x x x." On this score alone, this case
necessarily has to fail for the lease covered under this
provision of the Rental Law should be one with a definite
period, and the lease at bar as held by the lower court is not
one with a definite period. But aside from this the
defendants also were able to show that the plaintiffs own
other available residential units in Pasig City, although the
lower court alleged that it is or no moment. Similarly, the
defendants were also able to show that the three (3) months
requirement notice was not complied with. The assailed
decision kept silent on this requirement but the very letter
of demand dated June 9, 2000 of the plaintiffs required the
defendants to vacate the premises on or before July 13,
2000 or just about a month and three (3) days from the elate
of the letter. 38 (Emphasis in the original.)

The Ruling of the CA

Respondent-spouses appealed to the CA, reiterating that they have
complied with Section 5 (c) of BP 877. 3 (>
In its Decision dated August 29, 2007, the CA set aside the Decision
of the RTC and reinstated the Decision of the MeTC. 40 The CA ruled that,
contrary to the findings of the RTC, the lease between respondent-spouses
and petitioners is one with a period. Citing Dula v. Maravilla 41 and Rivera v.
Florendo, 42 the CA explained that a lease agreement without a fixed period
is deemed to be from month to month if the rentals are paid monthly. Thus,
there is a definite period to speak oC and as such, respondent-spouses can
eject petitioners from the property on the ground of expiration of their lease
under Section 5 ( 1) of BP 877. The CA thus stated:
In the instant case, it is undisputed that the rental on the
lot was paid monthly. And based on the previous rulings of
the Court, it is clearly one with a definite period, which
expires every month, upon proper notice to the respondents
rJ1erein petitioners]. Thus, when petitioners Iherein
respondent-spouses] sent a letter of demand dated .June
9, 2000 for respondents to vacate the l(~ased 1wemises on
.July U, 2000, the lease contract is deemed to have
expired as of the end of that month. Upon the expiration
of said period, the contract of lease would expire, giving

08

3
"
10

11

41

RTC Decision, id. al 46.

See Petition for Review before the CA, CA rollo, pp. 2-13.

Hollo, p. 33.
G.R. No. 134267, May 9, 2005, 458 SCRA 249.
G.R. No. L-60066, July 31, 1986, 143 SCRA 278.

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

rise to the lessor's right to file an action for c,jectment

against respondent.
Based on the foregoing, a legal ground for ~jcctmcnt
would still exist against respondents which is the expiration
11
of the lease, under paragraph (I) or Section 5.' (Emphasis
supplied.)

The CA also held that petitioners failed to present concrete evidence

that respondent-spouses have other available properties in Pasig City.
Further, the CA found that the respondent-spouses substantially met the 3month notice requirement since as early as March 2000, respondent-spouses
notified petitioners to vacate the property because their daughter needs it.
The CA stressed that petitioners participated in a barangay hearing
regard .mg t he matter. 44
On September 19, 2007, petitioners filed a Manifestation and Motion
45
They
to Stay the Execution of Judgment dated August 29, 2007.
manifested that respondent Roberto entered into a lease contract with
46
petitioner Alexander Albano (Alexander) on September 10, 2007 , which
meant that petitioners are now in lawful occupation of the property. The
execution of the CA's Decision is no longer necessary because the judgment
was mooted by a supervening event. Petitioners averred that with the
renewal of the expired lease contract, the ground for judicial ejectment relied
47
upon by the CA no longer exists.
Further, petitioners claimed that the Contract of Lease operates as a
novation of the previous month-to-month lease between petitioners and
respondent-spouses, and which renders inutile the allegations that were
48
passed upon in the trial courts below.

' mannestat10n
c

M ena fjl1 e d a C omment49 to pet1t10ners

an d mot10n.
Mena assailed the validity of the lease contract between her husband,
Roberto, and Alexander. She claimed that Roberto has no personality to
unilaterally enter into a lease contract with Alexander because the property
50
is her paraphernal property. She further questioned the wisdom of the lease
because the monthly rental price of P2, 131.00 is the same rent existing in
1986. 51

In its Resolution dated February 20, 2008, 52 the CA denied

petitioners' manifestation and motion. The CA held that its Decision dated
43

44
45
46

47
48

49

50

51
52

CA Decision, ro/lo, p. 32.

Id. at 30.
CA rollo, pp. 198-205.
Id. at 199.
Id. at 200-202.
Id. at 201-202.

Id. at 218-222. (
Id. at 220.
Id. at 218-219.
Rollo, pp. 34-38.

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

August 29, 2007 attained finality on September 19, 2007. 5:i It found that the
lease contract did not operate as a novation of its Decision because it was
entered into without the express consent of Mena. 5<1
On March 7, 2008, petitioners filed a Motion for Reconsideration of
the Resolution dated February 20, 2008. 55 They contended that the Contract
of Lease between Roberto and Alexander is valid and binding upon Mena
considering the conjugal nature of the property. 56 The CA denied the Motion
for Reconsideration in its Resolution 57 dated July 7, 2008. Hence, this
petition for review.
Petitioners allege that the CA erred in reversing the RTC's Decision.
They aver that under BP 877, the lessor should prove that he or his
immediate ta mi ly member is not the owner of any other av~1ilahle residential
unit within the same city or municipality.:rn They :dso reiterate that the
execution or the lease contract between Roberto nnd Alexander on
September I 0, 2007 is a supervening event that justifies the stay of
59
execution of the CA Decision, and that Mena cannot assert the paraphernal
60
nature of the property for the first time in her Comment before the CA.
In their Comrnent, 61 respondent-spouses argue that the CA Decision
became final and executory on September 20, 2007 because petitioners
62
neither filed a motion for reconsideration nor filed an appeal before us.
Accordingly, respondent-spouses plead that petitioners' right to file this
petition before us had already lapsed.

The Issues
The issues before us are:

1. Whether the CA Decision is already final and executory;

2. Whether the execution of the lease contract is a supervening event
that will justily the stay of execution of the CA Decision; and
3. Whether the respondent-spouses complied with Section 5 (c) of BP
877.

53
51
'

55

56

57
58
59
(JO

r.i
62

Id. at. 36.

Id. at 37.

CA rol/o, pp. 301-3 I 0.

Id. at 305.
Rollo, p. 42.
Petition, rol!o, pp. 16-17.
Id at 17-18.
fd. at 18-19.
,
/d.at176-181.I'\/
ld.at176-177.'/

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

Our Ruling
We deny the petition.

The CA Decision is already

Final and Executory
The facts and material dates are undisputed. On September 4, 2007,
petitioners received notice of the CA Decision. On September 19, 2007, they
filed a Manifestation and Motion to Stay the Execution of Judgment, which
the CA denied in its February 20, 2008 Resolution. The petitioners received
a copy of this Resolution on February 22, 2008.
Thereafter, on March 7, 2008, petitioners filed a Motion for
Reconsideration of the February 20, 2008 Resolution of the CA. The CA
also denied this motion in its July 7, 2008 Resolution, a copy of which was
received by the petitioners on July 14, 2008.
Subsequently, petitioners filed before us a Motion for Additional
Period to File Petition for Review, 63 which we granted. They prayed that
they be given additional 30 days within which to file their petition or from
July 29, 2008 to August 28, 2008. Petitioners filed the petition for review on
August 28, 2008.
The above narration of material dates gives a semblance that the
present petition was seasonably filed. 1-:lowever, the records show that
petitioners should have reckoned the 15-day period to appeal from the
receipt of the denial of the Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution of
Judgment, and not from their receipt of the denial of the Motion for
Reconsideration. Having failed to do so, petitioners' right to appeal by
certiorari lapsed as early as March 9, 2008 when the assailed CA Decision
became final and executory.
Petitioners' Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution of Judgment
is, in actuality, a motion for reconsideration of the CA Decision. The said
manifestation and motion so alleged:
I 0. In light of the foregoing, respondents arc
constrained to bring the matter of supervenin~ event to
the attention of this Honorable Court and likewise in
the manner of a motion for reconsideration, hy wuy of
modificafion of the DI~CISION, if lhe same maybe
<..k~emed proper and allowed a11d favorably considered, for
the
the Honorable Court to so hold that the execution
judgment dated August 29, 2007 no longer necessary, as
there appears NO MORE VALID GROUND TO EJECT
respondents from the leased premises or otherwise so hold

or

"'

Id. at 3-5.

!_

Decision

10

G.R. No. 183645,

that respondents arc at the present time in lawful

occupation of leased premises; 64 (Emphasis supplied.)

Hence, contrary to the allegation of respondent-spouses and the

finding of the CA, petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration of the CA
Decision, albeit in the guise of a "Manifestation and Motion to Stay
Execution of Judgment." In fact, the relief prayed for by petitioners in this
manifestation and motion is the same relief obtained once a motion for
reconsideration is filed on time. Rule 52, Section 4 of the Rules of Court
provides that generally, a motion for reconsideration filed on time stays the
execution of the judgment sought to be reconsidered. It thus baffles us why
petitioners captioned their motion as a "Manifestation and Motion to
Suspend Execution of Judgment" when the effect sought is one and the same
-to stay the execution of judgment. This carelessness only brought
confusion to respondent-spouses and the CA.
Since the Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution of .Judgment is
a motion for reconsideration of the CA Decision, petitioners' receipt of the
resolution denying it triggers the running of the 15-day period within which
to file an appeal. 65 Petitioners received a copy of the February 20, 2008
Resolution on February 22, 2008. Thus, counting 15 days from receipt,
petitioners had only until March 8, 2008 66 to file a petition for review.
On March 7, 2008, however, petitioners filed a Motion for
Reconsideration of the February 20, 2008 Resolution instead. This motion
for reconsideration partakes of the nature of a second motion for
reconsideration. In Tagaytay City v. S'ps. De Los Rc:Fes, <17 we ruled that a
motion for reconsideration, even if it was not designated as <I second motion
for reconsideration, is a disguised second motion for rcco11sideration if it is
.
. o f' t l1e movant ' s earl'1er arguments. <ix I~ere,
I
..
'
mere Iy a re1terat1on
pet1t1oners
Motion for Reconsideration is just that-a mere rehash of the arguments
raised in their earlier Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution of
Judgment, which we found previously to be their (first) motion for
reconsideration.
The filing of a second motion for reconsideration is prohibited under
Rule 52, Section 2 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, as amended 69 and
the prevailing 1999 Internal Rules of the Procedure of the CA (IRCA). 70

64

CA ro/lo, p. 202.
Under Rule 45, Section 2 of the Rules of Court, the petition for review should be filed within 15 days
from notice of judgment appealed from or from notice of the denial of petitioner's motion for new trial or
reconsideration.
6
(,
2008 is a leap year. Counting 15 days from February 22, 2008, the last day for filing a petition for
review before the Court is March 8, 2008.
67
Resolution, G.R. No. 166679, January 27, 2010.
68
Id
w
Rule 52, Section 2. Second Molionfi)r Reconsideralio11. -- No second motion for reconsideration of a
judgment or final resolution by the same party shall be entertained.
70
Ruic 13, Section 3. Second Molionf(Jr Reconsideration. - No second motion for reconsideration from
the <0me porty
"'"rt"ined. Howevoc, if the deci,ion oc "ohtinn ;, ccon>ide"d m
65

'"""be

'""'''"'''"

Decision

11

G.R. No. 183645

Being a prohibited pleading, a second motion for reconsideration does not

71
have any legal effect and does not toll the running of the period to appeal.
72

In Securities and Exchange Commission v. PJCOP Resources, Inc.,

we explained why the period to appeal should not be reckoned from the
denial of a second motion for reconsideration:
To rule that finality of judgment shall be reckoned from
the receipt of the resolution or order denying the second
motion for reconsideration would result to an absurd
situation whereby courts will be obliged to issue orders or
resolutions denying what is a prohibited motion in the first
place, in order that the period for the finality of judgments
shall run, thereby, prolonging the disposition of
cases. Moreover, such a ruling would allow a party to
forestall the running of the period of finality or judgments
by virtue or filing a prohibited pleading; such a situation is
not only illogical but also unjust to the winning party.

The same principle is likewise applicable by amllogy

in the determination of the correct period to
appeal. Reckoning the period from the denial of the
second motion for reconsideration will result in the
same absurd situation where the courts will be obliged
to issue orders or resolutions denying a prohibited
pleading in the first place. 73 (Emphasis supplied.)

An appeal is not a matter of right, but is one of sound judicial

discretion. It may only be availed of in the manner provided by the law and
the rules. 74 A party who fails to question an adverse decision by not filing
the proper remedy within the period prescribed by law loses the right to do
so as the decision, as to him, becomes final and binding. 75
Considering that petitioners reckoned the period to appeal on the
date of notice of the denhll of the second motion for reconsideration on
July 7, 2008, instead of the date of notice of the denial of the first motion
for reconsideration on February 22, 2008, the prescnf: petition filed only
on Au~ust 28, 2008 is evidently filed out of time. The petition, heinJ! 173

modified, the party adversely affected may file a motion for reconsideration within fitleen ( 15) days from
notice.
71
Securities and Exchange Commission v. PICOP Resources, Inc., G.R. No. 164314, September 26,
2008, 566 SCRA 451, 468, citing Land Bank o/ the Philippines v. Ascot Holdings and Equities, Inc.,
G.R. No. 175163, October 19, 2007, 537 SCRA 396, 405.
72
G.R. No. 164314, September 26, 2008, 566 SCRA 451.
73
Id. at 467-468, citing Dinglasan, Jr. v. Court ofAppeals, G.R. No. 145420, September 19, 2006, 502
SCRA 253, 265.
74
lndoyon, Jr. v. Court a/Appeals, G.R. No. 193706, March 12, 2013, 693 SCRA 201, 211-212, citing
Munoz v. People, G.R. No. 162772, March 14, 2008, 548 SCRA 473.
75
Rivelisa Realty, Inc. v. First Sta. Clara Builders Corporation, Resolution, G.R. No. 189618, January
15, 2014, 713 SCRA 618, 626, citing Building Care Corporation/leopard S'ecurity & Investigation
Agency v. Macaraeg, G.R. No. 198357, December I0, 2012, 687 SCRA 643, 650, also citing Ocam1;7/
Court of Appeals (Former Second Division), G.R. No. 150334, March 20, 2009, 582 SCRA 43, 49'[/

Decision

12

G.R. No. 183645.

clays late, renders the CA Decision final and executory. Thus, we do not
have jurisdiction to pass upon the petition.
6

Our ruling in Tagle v. Equitable PC! Bank7 is illustrative:

In the case at bar, the Court of Appeals dismissed the
petition of petitioner Alfredo in CA-G.R. SP No. 90461 by
virtue of a Resolution dated 6 September 2005. Petitioner
Alfredo's Motion f()J" Reconsideration of the dismissal of
his petition was denied by the appellate court in
its Resolution dated 16 February 2006. Petitioner Alfredo
thus had 15 days from receipt of the I 6 Februmy 2006
Resolution of the Court of Appeals within which to file a
petition for review. The reckoning date from which the 15day period to appeal shall be computed is the elate or
receipt by petitioner Alfredo of the I 6 February 2006
Resolution of the Court or Appeals, and not of its I I April
2006 Resolution denying petitioner Alfredo's second
motion for reconsideration, since the second paragraph of
Sec. 5, Ruic 37 of the Revised Rules of Court is explicit
that a second motion for reconsideration shall not be
allowed. Ami since a second motion for reconsideration
is not allowed, then mrnvoidably, its filing did not toll
the running of the period to file an appeal by certiorari.
Petitioner Alfredo made a critical mistake in waiting for
the Court of Appeals to resolve his second motion for
reconsideration before pursuing an appeal.

Another clementa1y rule of procedure is that

perfection of an appeal within the reglementary period
is not only mandatory hut also jurisdictional. For this
reason, petitioner Alfredo's failure to file this petition
within J 5 days from receipt of the J 6 February 2006
Resolution of the Court of Appeals denying his first
Motion for Reconsideration, rendered the same final
and exccutory, and deprived us of .iurisdiction to
entertain an appeal thereof. 77 (Emphasis supplied.)

While there are instances when we relax the application of procedural

rules, the present petition is not one of them. Liberal application of the rules
is an exception rather than the rule. In this case, petitioners failed to address
the issue of finality of the CA Decision when it was raised in respondent
Mena's Comment to the Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution in the
CA. Upon the denial of the manifestation and motion clue to finality of the
CA Decision, petitioners again ignored the issue of finality in their Motion
for Reconsideration. Up until respondent-spouses' Comment before us,
which again alleged the finality of the CA Decision, petitioners continued to
be mum on the issue. Petitioners' silence as to the timeliness of their appeal
is suspect. Thus, in the absence of exceptiotrnl circumstances and effort on

76
77

G.R. No. 172299, 1).prjj/22, 2008, 552 SCRA 424.

Id. at 445-446.

Decision

13

G.R. No. 183645

the part of petitioners to justify the liberal application of the rules, we are
constrained to deny the petition.
Nevertheless, even discounting the above procedural defect, we
still find the present petition unmeritorious.

The Execution of the Lease

Contract is not a Supervening
Event
The assailed CA Decision was promulgated on August 29, 2007, and
petitioners received notice of it on September 4, 2007. 78 The CA Decision
ordered petitioners to vacate the property on the ground or respondentspouses' legitimate need of the premises and expiration of the lease. On
September I 0, 2007, petitioners entered into a I 0-yenr lease contract with
.
lvmg
. the property. 79
Ro berto mvo
Consequently, petitioners allege that the execution of the lease
contract lent legitimacy to their occupation of the property, such that the CA
Decision is now mooted and should no longer be enforced because to do so
would be inequitable. Petitioners insist that the lease contract constitutes a
supervening event justifying the stay of the CA Decision. 80
Petitioners' contentions are untenable. A supervening event refers to
facts which transpire after judgment has become final and executory or to
new circumstances which developed after the judgment has acquired
finality, including matters which the parties were not aware of prior to or
during the trial as they were not yet in existence at that time. 81 Here, the
lease contract was executed after the CA Decision was promulgated but
before it attained finality. In fact, petitioners executed the lease contract just
six days after they received the adverse ruling of the CA.
To our mind, instead of a supervening event, the execution of the
lease contract partakes of the nature of a compromise. A compromise is a
contract whereby the parties, by making reciprocal concessions, avoid
litigation or put an end to one already commenced. 82 It is an agreement
between two or more persons, who, for the purpose of preventing or putting
an end to a lawsuit, adjust their difiiculties by mutual consent in the manner
which they agree on, and which each party prefers over the hope of gaining
but balanced by the danger of losing. 83 In the case before us, petitioners
claim that they executed the lease contract before notice of the CA Decision
78

79
80
81

82

81

Petition, rol/o, p. I I.
Id. at 17.
Id. at 18.
Government Service Insurance System v. Group Management Corporation, G.R. Nos. 167000 &
169771, June 8, 2011, 651 SCRA 279, 306, citing Natalia Real~v. Inc. v. Court of'Appeals, G.R. No.
126462, November 12, 2002, 391SCRA370, 387-388.
CIVIL CODE OF TI-IE PHILIPPINES, Art. 2028.
Armed Forces q/ the Philippines M11t11al Benefit Association, Inc. v. Court of' Appeals, G.R No.
126745, July 26, 1999, 311 SCRA 143, 154, o;liug Ro"m v. Ampom, 91 Ph;I. 228 ( 1952)1

Decision

14

G.R. No. 183645

as an "amicable settlement of the issues with reference to occupancy of the

84
subject propeiiy." Thus, petitioners' intention to end the litigation by virtue
of a compromise is evident.
A compromise may be entered into at any stage of the case-pending
85
trial, on appeal and even after finality of judgment. Hence, petitioners may
enter into a compromise with the respondent-spouses, even after the CA
Decision was rendered. However, the validity of the agreement is
determined by compliance with the requisites and the principles of contracts,
86
Unfortunately for petitioners, the
not by when it was entered into.
87
compromise that they effected is wanting of one of the essential requisites
of a valid and binding compromise--consent of all the parties in the case.
We have consistently ruled that a compromise agreement cannot bind a party
who did not voluntarily take part in the settlement itself and gave spec{/ic
. i"1v1"dua l consent. 88
me
It is undisputed that only Roberto entered into a lease contract with
petitioners. Mena did not sign it, but on the contrary, denounces its
execution as being done in evident bad faith and without authority from her
as the sole owner of the property. Considering that Mena did not participate
in the execution of the lease contract, the compromise is not binding on her.
In addition, the compromise is also not valid even between petitioners
and Roberto because the records show that the land in question is indeed a
paraphernal prope1iy of Mena. Petitioners themselves admitted in their
89
90
Answer and Position Paper before the MeTC that only Mena is the
registered owner of the property. Estoppel therefore lies against them.
Petitioners cannot now argue before us that the prope1iy is a conjugal
property of the respondent-spouses, such that only Roberto's consent is
necessary for the effoctivity of the lease. Without an authorization showing
that Roberto is acting on behalf of Mena, he has no right and power to enter
into a lease contract involving Mena's exclusive property.
Besides, even assuming that the property is conjugally owned by
respondent-spouses, this does not bestow upon Roberto the power to enter
into a lease contract without the consent of his wife. We have explained in

81
.
85

Manifestation and Motion to Stay Execution of the Judgment elated August 29, 2007, CA ro/lo, p. 199.
See Magbanua v. Uy, G.R No. 161003, May 6, 2005, 458 SCRA 184, 193, citing Jesalva v. /Ja11tista
and Premiere Productions, Inc., I05 Phil. 348 ( 1959).
86
Maghanua v. Uy, G. R No. 161003, May 6, 2005, 458 SCRA 184, 195.
87
The requisites of a valid compromise arc as follows: ( l) the consent or the parties to the compromise,
(2) an object certain that is the subject matter of the compromise, and (3) the cause of the obligation that
is established. (Maghan11a v. Uy, supra, citing Article 1318 of the Civil Code.)
88
Philippine Journalists, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, U.R. No. 166421, September 5,
2006, 501 SCRA 75, 93, citing Galicia v. NLRC (Second Division), G.R. No. 119649, July 28, 1997, 276
SCRA 381. See also General R11hher and Footwear Corp. v. Drilon, G.R. No. 76988, January 31, 1989,
169 SCRA 808 and Republic v. National /,ahor Relations Commission, G.R. No. l 08544, May 31, 1995,
89
911

/
244 SCRA 564.
See paragraph 1, records, p. I0.
See Statement of Facts, records, p. 165.

Decision

15

G.R. No. 183645

91

Roxas v. Court of Appeals, that consent of the wife is required for lease of
a conjugal realty for a period of more than one year, such lease being
considered a conveyance and encumbrance under the provisions of the Civil
92
C o de.
Respondent-Spouses Complied
with Section 5 (c) of BP 877
The controversy revolves on whether respondent-spouses' satisfied
the requisites of Section 5 ( c) of BP 877 as a ground for judicial ejectment.
To recapitulate, the requisites are:
(!) the owner's/lessor's legitimate need to repossess the
leased property for his own personal use or for the use of
any of his immediate family;

(2) the owner/lessor docs not own any other

available residential unit within the same city or
municipality;
(3) the lease for a definite period has expired;
(I) there was formal notice at least three (3) months
prior to the intended date to repossess the property; and
(5) the owner must not lease or allow the use of the

property to a third party for at least one year. 93 (Emphasis

supplied.)

The second, third and fourth requisites are the ones contested in this
case. The RTC found that respondent-spouses have other residential units
within Pasig City. It also adjudged that the verbal lease between the parties
does not have a period and the 3-month notice requirement was not
complied with.
We disagree with the RTC and affirm the CA.

First, while it is admitted by respondent-spouses that they have other

residential units in Pasig City, they were not available because they were
occupied by tenants who pay their rentals promptly.'>4 The keyword in the
second requisite of Section 5 (c) is the word "available." The right of
respondent-spouses to eject petitioners cannot be negated by the fact alone
that the former have other residential units in Pasig City. The said properties
5
must be "available." Our ruling in Roxas v. Intermediate Appellate Court9 is
enlightening, thus:

91

92
91

95

G.R. No. 92245, June 26, 1991, 198 SCRA 541.

Id. at 547.
Dula v. Maravilla, supra note 41 at 257.
Plaintiffs Position Paper, records, pp. 73-76.
G.R. Nos. L-74279 & 74801-03, January 20, 1988, 157 SCRA 166.

I6

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

or

It is important to stress lhat even assuming any

petitioners own other residential units, whal the law
requires is that the same is an available residential unit, for
the use of such owner/lessor or the immediate member of
his family. Thus even if an owner/lessor owns another
residential unit, if the same is not available as for
example the same is occupied or it is not suitable for
dwelling purposes, it is no obstacle to the ejectment of a
tenant on the ground that the premises is needed for use
of the owner or immediate member of his family.%
(Emphasis supplied.)

Respondent-spouses did not choose to eject petitioners arbitrarily and

unreasonably. They asserted that among their tenants, petitioners are
delinquent in their rental payments. We cannot fault respondent-spouses in
choosing their other tenants, who are in good standing, over petitioners.

Second, the lease between respondent-spouses and petitioners,

although merely verbal, is deemed to be one with a definite period which
expires at the end of each month. The lease is on a month-to-month basis
because the rentals are paid monthly. In this regard, we cite our ruling in
Arquelada v. Philippine Veterans Bank, 97 to wit:
The question now is, has the verbal contract of lease
between petitioners and the Bank expired in order to call
for the ejectment of the latter from the premises in
question? The Court rules in the affirmative.

It is admitted that no specific period for the duration of

the lease was agreed upon between the parties.
Nonetheless, payment of the stipulated rents were made
on a monthly basis and, as such, the period of lease is
considered to be from month to month in accordance
with Article 1687 of the Civil Code. Moreover, a lease
from month-to-month is considered to be one with a
definite period which expires at the end of each month
98
upon a demand to vacate by the lessor. (Citations
omitted, emphasis supplied.)

Third, respondent-spouses complied with the requirement of 3-month

prior notice. Petitioners do not dispute that they were verbally informed of
respondent-spouses' need of the property as early as March 2000. In fact,
barangay conciliation meetings were held regarding the matter. Petitioners,
however, insist that the reckoning period for the 3-month notice should be
counted from their receipt on June 15, 2000 of the letter to vacate.
Consequently, they argue that they were given only 28 days from June 15 to
July 13, 2000 to vacate the property.
We reject petitioners' contention.
'16

97
98

'Y

/d.at175.
G.R. No. 139137, March 31, 2000, 329 SCRA 536.
'i

Id '1 _ 53-554.

17

Decision

G.R. No. 183645

The "formal notice" requirement under BP 877 does not refer to a

99
written notice only. In the case of Garcia v. Court ~fAppeals, we reckoned
compliance with the 3-month notice requirement from his verbal demand to
vacate, viz:
x x x [E]ven assuming mxuendo that lht; <1ppellate
court's premise is correct, petitioner did give notice on his
own behall'. The trial court found that soon after the snle
lht: properly to petitioner, or on October 10, 197<), the latter
wrote to private respondent thal he vacate the premises.
After this and other subsel1uent denrnnds were ignored,
he again made a demand on August 7, 1982 informing
private respondent that he wished to build his house on
the property. After this last demand was again ignored, he
brought the matter before the Barangay Chairman who, on
September 19, 1982, sent a summons to private respondent,
who, not only ignored it but in addition, refused to accept it
when served upon him. Petitioner finally filed an
e.iectment suit before the MTC on December 7, 1982, or
four months after his verbal demand on August 7, 1982.
Thus, even disregarding the previous demands soon
after the sale, petitioner had complied with the

reqmrement
o r ti iree-mont h no tice. 100 cE"mpirns1s
supplied.)

or

All told, the present petition is without merit both on technical and
substantive grounds.

WHEREFORE, the Petition is DENIED. The Decision and

Resolution of the Court of Appeals elated August 29, 2007 and July 7, 2008,
respectively, are hereby AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

Associate Justice

WE CONCUR:

PRESBITERO/.J. VELASCO, .JR.

99
100

G.R. No. 88632, March 22, 1993, 220 SCRA 264.

Id. at 272-273.

Decision

18

G.R. No. 18364;5

IENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate Justice

ATTESTATION
I attest that the conclusions in the abovepecision Imel been reached in
consultation before the case was assigned toJ11e writer
the opinion of the
Court's Division.

or

PRESBITER J. VELASCO, JR.

Ass ciate Justice
Chail]J? son. Third Division

CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, and the
Division Chairperson's attestation, it is hereby certified that the conclusions
in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was
assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.

MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO

Chief Justice

f'

~!ED TRUE COPY

WILF~-~

Divisi:rc~e~k of Court
Third Division

AUG 1 2 2016