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Vector Calculus HW12

This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

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17 views3 pages

Vector Calculus HW12

This document contains a homework problem set on vector calculus and Gauss's divergence theorem. It involves computing several surface integrals using the divergence theorem. One problem shows that the volume of a solid enclosed by a closed surface S can be represented as the surface integral of ∇r2 over S divided by 6. Another problem proves that the Newtonian potential u, defined using a density function ρ, satisfies Poisson's equation Δu = ρ.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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You are on page 1/ 3

Vector Calculus

Homework Section 3.6

Section 3.6 @ p.238


Problem 3
Compute the surface integral below using Gausss divergence theorem:
( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

where

: | + | + | + | + | + | = 1.

Proof. Using direct computation, we have


( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

= ( + , + , + )

Divergence
(
)
Theorem

(( + , + , + ))

{|+|+|+|+|+|1}

= 3

{|+|+|+|+|+|1}

Let = + , = + and = + , note that


|

( , , )
1
|= ,
(, , )
4

then
( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

= 3

{|+|+|+|+|+|1}

3
=
.
4 {| |+| |+| |1}
Since the volume of the solid that enclosed by the standard 2-simplex, 0, 0 and
0 is 16, thus
( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )

3
3
1
=
= 8 = 1.
4 {| |+| |+| |1}
4
6

1/3

Vector Calculus
Homework Section 3.6

Problem 4

Using Gausss divergence theorem to calculate the flux of vector field pass
through surface of the followings:
(a) = sin + cos + 2 , is the surface of the box enclosed by = 0, =
1, = 0, = 1, = 0 and = 2.
(b) = 3 2 2 2 , is the surface of the solid enclosed by 2 + 2 2 =
1, = 2 and = 2.

Proof. Section (a).

= ( sin , cos , 2 )

Divergence
(
)
Theorem

( sin , cos , 2)

= 2 = 2 = 2.

Section (b).

= ( 3 , 2 2 , 2 )

Divergence
(
)
Theorem

( 3 , 2 2 , 2 ) = 0 = 0.

Problem 6
Given any closed surface , prove that the volume of the solid that enclosed by can
be represented by
1
= 2 .
6

Proof.

(
1
2
6

Divergence
)
Theorem

1
1
( 2 ) = 6 = =
6
6

Indeed they are not good notations, but this gives clear explanation.
2/3

Vector Calculus
Homework Section 3.6

Problem 9
We define the Newtonian potential by
(, , )

1
(, , )

4 3

where is density and = ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2 . Show that satisfies


Poissons equation (inhomogeneous Laplaces equation) below:
= .

Proof.2 Notations: I write and rather than = (, , ) and = (, , ).


We assume that and its first derivatives are continuous and vanishes at infinity.
Let be any open region (that is, open connected bounded set) in 3.
Define (0 , ) and write = 0
Using Greens 2nd identity, since = (14) = 0 in , we have
= (

)
(
) .

(0 ,)

Note that

lim

= lim

0 ( ,)
0 4 ( ,)
0
0
lim

(0 ,)

Divergence
)
Theorem

lim

0 4

1
= lim

4 2 (0 ,)

= 0

(0 ,)

(MVT)

= (0 ).

Taking limit 0 and we obtain


= (

) (0 ).

Let = and taking . By assumptions of , we have


3

1
1
x () = (0 ).
4 3

Again, using Greens 2nd identity, by assumptions of


1
1
x () = ( ) ().

3
3

Note that (The verification is left as homework exercise) = , thus


1
1
1
1
1
1
() = ( ) () = ( ) () = x ()
4 3

4 3

4 3
= (0 ).

If you feel unsatisfied, you can just exchange the role of and . This also tells us

that 1(4) is a Fundamental solution of 3-dimensional Laplace operator.


3/3

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