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Transmission Line Fundamentals (Part 1)

This document appears to be the first part of lecture notes on transmission line fundamentals from a class on Transmission Media and Antenna Systems taught by Timothy M. Amado at the Electronics Engineering Department of Technological University of the Philippines – Manila. The lecture covers topics such as transmission lines, types of transmission lines including parallel wire and coaxial cable, transmission line equivalent circuits, characteristic impedance, and propagation constant. It also provides example problems for students to calculate various transmission line parameters.

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Michael Lazarus
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985 views22 pages

Transmission Line Fundamentals (Part 1)

This document appears to be the first part of lecture notes on transmission line fundamentals from a class on Transmission Media and Antenna Systems taught by Timothy M. Amado at the Electronics Engineering Department of Technological University of the Philippines – Manila. The lecture covers topics such as transmission lines, types of transmission lines including parallel wire and coaxial cable, transmission line equivalent circuits, characteristic impedance, and propagation constant. It also provides example problems for students to calculate various transmission line parameters.

Uploaded by

Michael Lazarus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transmission Media

and Antenna Systems


Lecture 1: Transmission Line Fundamentals (part 1)
Instructor: Sir Tim
1st Semester

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Transmission Lines
Transmission line is a metallic conductor
system that is used to transfer electrical
energy from one point to another.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 1
Calculate the minimum length of a
conductor to be considered as a transmission
line. Assume an operating frequency of 80
MHz and the dielectric is air.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Types of Transmission Line


1. Balanced or Differential
a transmission line consisting of two
conductors of the same type, each of which
have equal impedances along their lengths
and equal impedances to ground
Chief advantage: good rejection of external
noise

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Types of Transmission Line


2. Unbalanced or Single Ended
a transmission line, whose conductors have
unequal impedances with respect to ground
usually consist of a conductor that is
considered the signal line and another
conductor that is grounded, or is ground
itself

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Parallel Wire Transmission Lines


It consists simply of two parallel wires,
closely spaced and separated by most of
the time, air.
The distance between two conductors is
generally between 2 inches and 6 inches.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cables are used
extensively for HIGHFREQUENCY
applications to reduce
losses and to isolate
transmission paths.
Coaxial cable provides
excellent shielding against
external interference.
ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Coaxial Cable

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Transmission Line Equivalent Circuit

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 2
A parallel-wire transmission line is
constructed of #6 AWG copper wire (d =
0.162 in) with a 12-inch separation in air.
Determine the per-meter values of L, C and
R assuming an operating frequency of 1
MHz.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 3
The specifications for rigid Teflon-dielectric
coaxial line used in a radar set operating at
3 GHz are: copper material, stub-supported
at intervals to maintain the Teflon
dielectric; outside diameter, 7/8 inch; wall
thickness, 0.032 inch; inner-conductor
diameter, 0.375 inch. Determine the permeter values of L, C and R.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Secondary Line Constants


These gives the transmission characteristics
of a transmission line.
Characteristic Impedance
Propagation Constant

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Characteristic Impedance (Zo)


Impedance looking at the input of an
infinitely long transmission line
For maximum power transfer from the
source to the load, a transmission line
must be terminated in a purely resistive
load equal to the characteristic impedance
of the line.
Also known as SURGE IMPEDANCE.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 4
Given the following primary line constants:
R = 0.1 ohm/ft L = 76.8 nH/ft
G = 0.05 S/ft C = 31.4 pF/ft
Determine the characteristic impedance of
the line at (a) 60 Hz; (b) 1 MHz; (c) 2.45
GHz

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 5
A lossless transmission line has L = 32.5
nH/m and C = 12.2 pF/m. What value of
load resistance should this line be
terminated to ensure maximum power
transfer.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 6
Derive the equation used for the
characteristic impedance of coaxial and
parallel-wire line transmission line

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 7
Calculate the Zo for an air dielectric two
air parallel transmission line. The ratio of
the distance between the centers of the two
conductors and the radius of the conductors
is 12.3.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Propagation Constant
Propagation Constant is used to express the
ATTENUATION and the PHASE
SHIFT per unit length of a transmission
line.

Where:
= ATTENUATION per unit length (Np/m)
= PHASE SHIFT per unit length (rad/m)

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 8
From the propagation constant, determine
the value of the attenuation and phase shift
coefficient. The distributed parameters are:
R = 0.1 ohm/m, G = 0 S/m, L = 76.8
nH/m and C = 22.2 pF/m. Assume an
operating frequency of 750 MHz.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 9
Attenuation is one of the major concerns in
the application of transmission lines in
communications engineering. How much
attenuation, in dB, does a 100 m of airdielectric parallel wire transmission line
introduce? Assume that R = 0.1 ohm/m and
Zo = 300 ohms.

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Problem 10
A 2-wire transmission line consists of No. 12
wire AWG (81 mils). The distance between
the wire centers is 10 inches. What is the
attenuation coefficient in dB per 100 ft of
the line at 400 MHz?

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

Thank you.
Lecture 1: Transmission Line Fundamentals (part 1)

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado
Faculty, Electronics Engineering Department
Technological University of the Philippines Manila

[email protected]

ECE Department, TUP Manila

Transmission Media and Antenna Systems

Timothy M. Amado, ECE 1st Sem

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